Olmesartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker with an inhibitory effect on angiotensin-converting enzyme.

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are widely used for the treatment of hypertension. It is believed that treatment with an ARB increases the level of plasma angiotensin II (Ang II) because of a lack of negative feedback on renin activity. However, Ichikawa (Hypertens Res 2001; 24: 641-646) reported that long-term treatment of hypertensive patients with olmesartan resulted in a reduction in plasma Ang II level, though the mechanism was not determined. It has been reported that angiotensin 1-7 (Ang-(1-7)) potentiates the effect of bradykinin and acts as an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. It is known that ACE2, which was discovered as a novel ACE-related carboxypeptidase in 2000, hydrolyzes Ang I to Ang-(1-9) and also Ang II to Ang-(1-7). It has recently been reported that olmesartan increases plasma Ang-(1-7) through an increase in ACE2 expression in rats with myocardial infarction. We hypothesized that over-expression of ACE2 may be related to a reduction in Ang II level and the cardioprotective effect of olmesartan. Administration of 0.5 mg/kg/day of olmesartan for 4 weeks to 12-week-old stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) significantly reduced blood pressure and left ventricular weight compared to those in SHRSP given a vehicle. Co-administration of olmesartan and (D-Ala7)-Ang-(1-7), a selective Ang-(1-7) antagonist, partially inhibited the effect of olmesartan on blood pressure and left ventricular weight. Interestingly, co-administration of (D-Ala7)-Ang-(1-7) with olmesartan significantly increased the plasma Ang II level (453.2+/-113.8 pg/ml) compared to olmesartan alone (144.9+/-27.0 pg/ml, p<0.05). Moreover, olmesartan significantly increased the cardiac ACE2 expression level compared to that in Wistar Kyoto rats and SHRSP treated with a vehicle. Olmesartan significantly improved cardiovascular remodeling and cardiac nitrite/ nitrate content, but co-administration of olmesartan and (D-Ala7)-Ang-(1-7) partially reversed this anti-remodeling effect and the increase in nitrite/nitrate. These findings suggest that olmesartan may exhibit an ACE inhibitory action in addition to an Ang II receptor blocking action, prevent an increase in Ang II level, and protect cardiovascular remodeling through an increase in cardiac nitric oxide production and endogenous Ang-(1-7) via over-expression of ACE2.     

膀胱移行细胞癌P16、P15、P14基因5＇CpG岛甲基化检测

目的 探讨P16、P15、P14基因5＇CpG岛在膀胱移行细胞癌中甲基化状态及其临床意义。方法 应用甲基化特异性PCR（methylation—specific PCR，MSP）方法检测40例膀胱移行细胞癌P16、P15、P14基因甲基化程度，χ^2检验分析其甲基化程度与膀胱癌病理分级分期间关系。结果 膀胱移行细胞癌P16、P15、P14 5＇CpG岛甲基化扩增阳性化率分别为27．5％、17．5％、35％，而正常膀胱组织中均未检测到三种基因5＇CpG岛甲基化。P16、P14基因甲基化与膀胱癌病理分级分期有显著性差异（P〈0．05），P15基因则没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论 P16、P15、P14基因在膀胱癌组织中的甲基化率较高，三种抑癌基因5＇CpG岛异常高甲基化，在膀胱癌的发生、发展中具有重要作用。     

渐进性活动训练预防膀胱全切、尿流改道术后患者小肠梗阻的对照研究

目的研究渐进性活动训练对膀胱全切、尿流改道术后患者肠功能恢复的影响.方法2003年1月～2005年8月,将138例行膀胱全切、尿流改道术的患者随机分为2组,训练组在常规护理方法的基础上,同时实施渐进性活动训练,对照组采取常规护理方法.结果2组患者小肠梗阻的发生比较,差异有显著意义(P＜0.01).结论渐进性活动训练可降低膀胱全切、尿流改道术后患者小肠梗阻的发生.     

神经外科重症监护病房常见病原菌的分布与耐药性研究

目的调查珠江医院神经外科重症监护病房(ICU)病原菌的分布与耐药情况,分析ICU院内感染的发生原因,探讨防治对策。方法应用法国VITEKⅡ全自动细菌鉴定仪鉴定病原菌,用纸片扩散法检测药敏结果。结果神经外科ICU菌群主要以革兰阴性杆菌(71.6%)为主,鲍曼不动杆菌占16.7%,大肠埃希菌占15.7%,铜绿假单胞菌占13.7%,肺炎克雷伯菌占13.7%等。但葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌等阳性球菌(28.4%)也有增加的趋势。亚胺培南和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦仍保持最高抗菌活性,细菌的耐药率分别为15.3%和30.6%。结论我院神经外科ICU感染主要病原菌是革兰阴性杆菌,对常用抗菌药物耐药性较高,但革兰阳性球菌所占比例呈增高趋势。控制第二、三代头孢菌素以及制酸剂(质子泵抑制剂)的预防性用药,减少耐药菌株的产生,有针对性地使用抗生素是控制危重病人感染的有效措施。     

Correction of frequency and phase variations induced by eddy currents in localized spectroscopy with multiple echo times.

As a consequence of the time-varying magnetic field induced by eddy currents, frequency drifting occurs when the sampling window of localized spectroscopy continuously shifts. The frequency drifting and the concomitant phase variations can severely affect spectroscopy results when data are acquired with multiple echo times (TEs), such as in the measurement of glutamate (Glu) concentration using the TE-averaged method. Specifically, the averaged spectra are further broadened and distorted in the presence of residual eddy currents, and editing of the coupled spins of Glu C4 protons is affected, resulting in errors in the measured relative intensity ratio. Postacquisition correction using unsuppressed water as reference can effectively minimize this detrimental effect, as manifested by the significantly enhanced signal intensity. Also, it is demonstrated that the methyl signals of creatine (Cr) at 3.0 ppm and choline (Cho) at 3.2 ppm can be used as internal references in finding frequency and phase disparities between different TEs.     

改良引流法用于肛肠术后的临床观察

目的 :评价改良引流法用于肛肠术后的临床价值。方法 :用半随机方法将 10 0例患者分为观察组和对照组 ,各 5 0例 ,对肛肠术后患者切口分别采用传统引流法和改良引流法 ,比较术后出现的并发症及并发症出现的平均时间。结果 :观察组术后并发症和并发症出现的时间少于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :改良引流法能减轻患者痛苦 ,疗效好 ,并发症少。     

老年恶性肿瘤患者伴发抑郁状态的调查及分析

目的:了解老年恶性肿瘤患者抑郁状态的发生情况及相关危险因素。方法:采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)对48例住院的老年恶性肿瘤患者进行调查,并进行卫生统计学分析。结果:该组48例调查对象抑郁状态的发生率为41·7%(20/48)。女性,疾病进展,接受姑息治疗,放疗,化疗及疾病本身所致不适症状,经济压力大与抑郁状态密切相关。本组抑郁状态主要表现为情绪低落,纳差,体重变化,失眠,疲乏。结论:老年恶性肿瘤患者伴发抑郁状态发生率高,值得重视。在治疗、护理躯体疾病的同时应给予心理支持,以提高患者的生存质量。     

5173例儿童静脉滴注抗感染药物现状调查及护理对策

目的了解儿科门诊静脉滴注抗感染药物的应用情况,探讨护理对策。方法回顾性调查2004年10月~2005年4月儿科门诊静脉滴注的所有患儿,对其使用抗感染药物的情况进行整理分析。结果2~7岁是使用抗感染药物的高峰年龄组,抗感染药物应用占同期输液患儿的98·2%,抗感染药物使用频率高低顺位依次是:第三代头孢类、抗病毒类、青霉素类、第一代头孢、中药、第二代头孢和氨基甙类。抗菌药物与抗病毒药物同用占56·14%,抗菌药物二联用药占9·51%,抗菌药物三联用药占0·19%。结论加强护理管理,是促进抗感染药物合理应用的有效途径,包括正确给药、细致观察、合理用药、健康教育。     

学习困难儿童智力及记忆力特征分析

目的探讨学习困难儿童的智力、记忆力特征。方法学习困难(LD)根据ICD-10五条诊断标准,精神发育迟滞(MR)根据国际疾病分类第10版(ICD-10)诊断标准,分为实验组LD组;对照组a.正常组,b.弱智组。采用中国韦氏儿童智力量表进行智力测验,记忆力测验采用中国科学研究院编制的临床记忆量表。结果LD组与正常对照组在语言智商、操作智商、总智商[(86.23±10.65)分,(87.44±12.59)分,(84.09±13.96)分vs(102.27±10.21)分,(103.22±11.65)分,(103.28±9.88)分]及分测验值差异均有显著性(P<0.01);LD组儿童VIQ与PIQ相距一个标准差以上的比率明显高于对照组(2=9.29,P<0.01),也较MR对照组多(2=4.29,P<0.05)。LD组记忆商(MQ)明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01)。结论LD儿童智商、记忆商水平低于正常儿童,且存在明显智力结构发展不平衡。