国产奎硫平合并舒必利治疗难治性精神分裂症

目的:了解舒必利合并国产奎硫平(启维)治疗难治性精神分裂症的疗效和安全性。方法:26例符合CCMD-Ⅲ精神分裂症诊断标准且临床判断属于难治性病人,予舒必利合并奎硫平治疗,疗程8周,分别在治疗前及治疗后进行阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)和不良反应状量表(TESS)评定。结果:合并治疗8周后总有效率65.3%。PANSS阳性、阴性及一般精神病理评分于治疗前后均有显著差异(P<0.01)。TESS总分治疗前后无显著差异(P>0.05)。副反应主要为肌张力增高、失眠、体重增加、静坐不能。结论:对于舒必利治疗反应不佳的难治性精神分裂症病人合并奎硫平治疗仍可取得较好的临床效果,安全性较高,耐受性及依从性好,可作为临床治疗难治性病人的方法之一。     

婴幼儿癫痫的外科治疗

目的探讨婴幼儿癫痫外科的手术意义。方法从2002-2005年有12例婴幼儿因海绵状血管瘤(4例)、发育不良神经上皮肿瘤(DNTs)(2例)、Sturge.weber综合征(1例)、半侧巨脑病(2例)、外伤后脑膜脑疤痕(1例)、脑脓肿疤痕组织(1例)、脉络丛乳头瘤(1例);由分别位于额(2例)、颞(4例)、顶(2例)、枕(2例)与额顶及颞顶(各1例)病变所致均为灾难性癫痫。当年龄在9—32(平均21.5)个月龄时做了病变及致痫灶切除/功能性大脑半球切除。癫痫开始于出生后5～20 (平均11.8)个月,每天或每周发作多次,抗痫药物治疗无效。患儿做手术评估是6—22(平均12.8)个月。3例患儿有偏瘫,7例显示有缓慢发展的认知功能减低表现。MRI、PET及V-EEG都证实了病灶及致痛灶。结果手术后无死亡及新的神经症状缺失。8例解除了癫痫(EngelⅠ级);2例罕有发作(EngelⅡ级);2例有值得的(worthwhile)改善(EngelⅢ级),7例认知功能也有改善,3例偏瘫者2例有改善。结论灾难性癫痫婴幼儿仔细选择手术病例,外科可以减轻、解除癫痫的疾苦。     

Deliberate hypotension in orthopedic surgery reduces blood loss and transfusion requirements: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

PURPOSE: To determine if deliberate hypotension decreases blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, a systematic review of all randomized trials addressing this issue was undertaken. METHODS: Electronic databases, citations lists and review articles were searched for potential articles. Relevant articles met the following inclusion criteria: English language, humans undergoing orthopedic surgery, deliberate hypotension used by any method, intraoperative blood loss measured as an outcome, and the trial methodology being randomized and controlled. Four outcomes were analyzed, including estimated blood loss, blood transfused, surgery duration, and quality of the surgical field. For all analyses, the random-effects model was used. RESULTS: Seventeen articles met the inclusion criteria. The surgeries studied included total hip arthroplasty (seven), orthognathic surgery (eight), total knee arthroplasty (one) and spinal fusion (one). A total of 636 patients were randomized across all studies. For blood loss, the overall weighted mean difference favoured treatment, with a savings of about 287 mL of blood [95% confidence interval (CI): -447, -127]. The mean differences also showed a statistically significant benefit for deliberate hypotension in reducing transfusion requirements (-667 mL of blood transfused; 95% CI: -963, -370). Deliberate hypotension was not shown to reduce the duration of surgery (-1.9 min of surgery; 95% CI: -7.2, 3.5) or improve surgical conditions (surgical field quality rating -0.5; 95% CI: -1.1, 0.2). CONCLUSION: This review provides some support for the use of deliberate hypotension in reducing blood loss and transfusion requirements in orthopedic surgery, but these results are tempered by the small sample sizes and poor methodological quality of published studies.     

比较行胃镜和肠镜检查术的麻醉异同点

目的比较静脉麻醉下行胃镜和肠镜检查术病人麻醉管理要点及副反应。方法选择拟行无痛性胃镜、结肠镜检查的患者各120例,在静脉麻醉下行内镜检查。观察其间生命体征变化,比较两组病人对内镜插入的耐受性、副反应以及胃镜和肠镜麻醉管理的侧重点。结果接受胃镜检查的患者麻醉期间生命体征无显著性变化,接受肠镜检查的患者,麻醉期间部分可出现反射性心率减慢和血压下降,需予以对症处理。两组病人对插入胃、肠镜的刺激耐受性良好。结论成功的静脉麻醉虽可达到无痛目的,但应注重对病人呼吸和循环功能监测,确保麻醉安全。     

Clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of AIDS complicated with disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of AIDS complicated with disseminated Penicillium marneffei （PM） infection. Methods A total of 12 patients with AIDS complicated with disseminated PM infection were collected and the symptoms, signs, laboratory examination results and image manifestations of these patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results （1） The diagnosis of PM infection in all the 12 cases were confirmed by peripheral blood culture. All the 12 cases （100%） had irregular fever （38-41℃） and enlarged lymph nodes, 8 cases （66%） had skin rashes; 8 cases （66%） had hepatomegaly; 9 cases （75%） had splenomegaly while 8 cases （66%） had anemia. （2） Imaging manifestation： Five cases manifested bilateral pulmonary disseminated miliary nodular shadows or lattice signs; 1 case showed enlarged hilar lymph node and 2 cases showed patchy shadow with pleuritis. One case presented sub-pleural curve line shadow at the posterior part of the right lower lung, and adhesion between the intestinal wall and intestinal mesentery in mass form in the abdomen by CT examination. Conclusion Patients suffering from AIDS （CD4 T lymphocytes 〈50/μ L） with impaired immunity might be susceptible to complication of disseminated PM infection, which presents mainly damage of multiple organs and symptoms such as fever; enlargement of liver, spleen and lymph nodes, as well as specific skin maculopapular rashes. Imaging manifestations in the lungs were revealed as miliary nodular shadows and lattice-like shadows. Intensified abdominal CT might reveal presence of several enlarged postperitoneal lymph nodes and intestinal adhesion in shape of ＂cakes＂.     

大鼠肝细胞凋亡和坏死动物模型的建立及评价

目的:通过大鼠肝右叶血供干预分别建立肝细胞凋亡和坏死动物模型,为进一步的磁共振成像实验奠定基础。方法:选取体重为250-300克的SD大鼠90只,随机分为A、B、C三组,每组30只,分别行肝右叶门静脉和肝动脉结扎术、门静脉结扎术及假手术,各组在术后3 h及1、3、7和14 d分别处死6只大鼠,取肝脏标本送病理及电镜检查。结果: A组30只大鼠肝右叶发生凝固性坏死,光镜及电镜下均呈典型的坏死改变,TUNEL染色呈阴性;B组30只大鼠肝右叶发生小灶性凋亡,光镜下可见肝细胞核固缩改变,电镜下见肝组织核边集和凋亡小体,TUNEL染色呈阳性改变。术后3 h 即可见凋亡细胞,24 h时凋亡细胞数最多,7 d后肝组织开始发生小灶性坏死;C组30只大鼠肝右叶未发生凋亡和坏死的病理改变。结论:大鼠肝右叶门静脉和肝动脉双结扎可建立胆脏凝固性坏死模型,单纯肝右叶门静脉结扎能构建肝细胞小灶性凋亡模型。     

腔隙性脑梗死和动脉粥样硬化血栓性脑梗死患者微量蛋白尿的研究

目的明确脑梗死患者微量蛋白尿(MA)阳性率及腔隙性脑梗死(lacunar infarction,LI)和动脉粥样硬化血栓性脑梗死(atherothrombotic infarction,AI)患者MA阳性率是否存在差别。方法采用竞争性放射免疫分析方法对未合并肝肾功能不全等影响尿蛋白排泄率(UAER)检测结果的83例LI和78例AI患者,以及40例原发性高血压对照者进行UAER测定。统计脑梗死患者MA的阳性率,比较合并高血压的LI、AI与高血压对照组MA阳性率。结果161例脑梗死患者MA阳性率为42·9%;单纯合并高血压病史的45例LI患者和34例AI患者MA阳性率分别为51·1%和58·8%,均高于高血压对照组(P<0·05),但两组间比较无统计学意义。结论脑梗死患者呈现MA高发率;合并高血压病史的LI和AI患者MA阳性率无差别;MA会增加脑梗死的发生风险。     

IL-2与IFN-α联合激活的白血病缓解期骨髓对白血病细胞的净化作用

目的：体外研究白细胞介素Ⅱ(IL-2)和α-干扰素(IFN-α)联合激活对白血病缓解期骨髓自然杀伤细胞(NK)和淋巴因子激活的杀伤细胞(LAK)活性的影响，以及对白血病细胞(K562细胞)的净化作用，并观察其对正常造血的影响。方法：标准4h^51Cr释放实验测定激活的白血病缓解期骨髓的细胞毒作用；集落培养法和逆转录多聚酶链反应检测激活的白血病缓解期骨髓对K562细胞的净化作用。结果：IL-2和INF-α单用虽均能增强白血病缓解期骨髓的NK活性和诱导LAK细胞的产生，但两者联合激活的白血病缓解期骨髓的NK和LAK活性，明显优于IL-2和IFN-α的单用(P＜0．05)。在体外净化实验中两种细胞因子均能激活白血病缓解期骨髓细胞对K562细胞的净化作用，但两种联合作用最强，且bcr／abl融合基因检测为两者联合组33．33％(4／12)，Rt-pcR法，而IL-2作用次之为66．67％(8／12)，最后是IFN-α为91．67％(11／12)。两种细胞因子中以IFN-α单用对CFU-GM的抑制有一定影响(P＜0．01)，而IL-2和两者联合对激活骨髓的CFU-GM无明显影响。结论：IL-2能激活白血病缓解期骨髓的NK细胞的活性和诱导LAK细胞的产生，IFN-α能增强IL-2激活白血病缓解期骨髓对白血病细胞的净化作用。     

复合珊瑚羟基磷灰石人工骨的研制及其成骨效应

目的 自行研制复合珊瑚羟基磷灰石人工骨并评估其成骨效应。方法 取南海澄黄滨珊瑚碳酸钙在特定条件下经过“热液交换反应”，制成单纯珊瑚羟基磷灰石(coralline Hydroxyapatite，CHA)人工骨，并将其与基因重组骨形态发生蛋白(rhBMP2)和几丁糖复合制成了三种复合珊瑚羟基磷灰石(composite Coralline Hydroxyapatite，CCHA)人工骨，将此三种不同配型的复合人工骨和单纯CHA人工骨分别植入四组24只SD大白鼠肌肉内。手术后2、4、6、8周取材进行组织学观察，计数高倍单位视野内的成骨细胞数量和炎性细胞数量。采用SPSS8.0统计软件处理系统分析。结果 术后各时期取材结果显示：B组(CHA rhBMP2)和D组(CHA rhBM2P 几丁糖)的单位视野内成骨细胞数量明显多于A组(单纯CHA)和C组(CHA 几丁糖)：而C组和D组的单位视野内炎性细胞数量明显少于A组和B组。即D组人工骨的单位视野内的成骨细胞数量多、炎性细胞少。结论 rhBMP2-几丁糖／CHA复合人工骨不但具有显著的成骨诱导作用，还具有炎症反应轻及持续的诱导成骨作用，是一良好的骨移植替代物。     

Russe手术治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折

目的　评价应用 Russe手术治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折的临床效果。　方法　对 1987年 1月～ 1999年2月手术治疗的 11例患者进行随访、评定。其中男 9例 ,女 2例 ,年龄 19～ 2 4岁。优势手 10例。术前病程 3～ 10个月 ,均有外伤史、腕痛、活动受限及握力减弱。X线片示腕舟骨腰部横形骨折 10例 ,近 1/ 3骨折 1例 ;5例呈囊性变和硬化 ,2例骨折近侧骨块密度增高。　结果　 11例获 15个月～ 9年随访 ,平均 5年 7个月。骨折均愈合 ,愈合时间为术后 2～ 5个月 ,平均 3.1个月 ,腕关节掌屈、背伸、桡偏和尺偏的平均活动度分别为 4 1.2°、4 0 .5°、8.7°和 15 .4°,分别达到健侧的6 8.3%、6 7.5 %、4 3.5 %和 5 1.3%。患侧握力平均达到健侧的 82 .9% ,腕部疼痛消失。　结论　 Russe手术是治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折的一种简便有效的方法。