糖尿病患者对糖尿病足认知度及行为现状调查

目的调查门诊2型糖尿病患者对血糖控制与糖尿病足相关性知识的认知度及行为现状。方法纳入2017-10-01～2018-02-28在四川大学华西医院内分泌代谢科门诊就诊的2型糖尿病患者共211例。记录患者一般临床资料及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)等检查结果。采用调查问卷方式收集糖尿病患者对糖尿病足认知度及行为的情况。结果 211例2型糖尿病患者中,125例(59.2%)认为血糖控制与糖尿病足的发生有关,67例(31.8%)患者不清楚血糖控制不佳可能导致糖尿病足溃疡的发生,19例(9.0%)患者认为血糖控制好坏与糖尿病足溃疡的发生无关。134例(63.5%)糖尿病患者从未进行双足自我检查。糖尿病患者对血糖控制与糖尿病足相关性认知度与年龄及受教育程度相关。结论糖尿病患者对糖尿病足的认知度不够,尤其是受教育程度较低的老年糖尿病患者。因此,应加强有针对性的糖尿病足早期筛防教育,使其建立糖尿病足防大于治的理念。     

浆细胞样树突状细胞、干扰素α、调节性T细胞在Graves病中免疫致病机制的研究

目的:探讨浆细胞样树突状细胞(pDC)、干扰素α(IFN-α)及CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(Treg细胞)在Graves病(GD)中的免疫致病机制。方法:收集GD患者及正常对照者的外周血及甲状腺组织,利用实时PCR、免疫组化、流式细胞仪、细胞分选及纯化等技术对组织或体外实验中的细胞数目、mRNA水平或蛋白水平进行分析比较。结果:GD患者中外周血血清IFN-α水平升高,分泌IFN-α的pDC亚群细胞数目增加;IFN-α还可以诱导甲状腺细胞表达IFN-α诱导基因(IFIGs)、人类白细胞抗原(HLA)-DR基因和促甲状腺激素受体(TSHR)基因的mRNA;GD患者外周血中Treg细胞比例降低;DC使Treg细胞更易凋亡。结论:GD的发病与pDC比例增多、IFN-α水平升高以及Treg细胞比例下降等多种免疫调节因素相关。     

非心源性胸痛患者心理因素对其生活质量影响的研究

目的调查非心源性胸痛(NCCP)患者的心理精神因素异常状况,探讨它们与其生活质量间的关系。方法选择2008年1月～2010年6月在协和医院心内科因发作性胸痛为主要症状就诊,经冠脉造影/心脏动脉扫描检查排除心源性胸痛的203例NCCP患者,进行内容包括医院焦虑抑郁调查问卷(HADS),简明健康状况调查表SF-36,以健康人群为对照进行分析比较。结果 NCCP患者平均焦虑、抑郁得分高于对照组(6.92±4.50vs,4.05±2.78,6.16±4.57vs4.06±2.83,P值均0.01)。NCCP患者的焦虑、抑郁症发生率明显高于对照组(43.8%vs8.0%,35.0%vs10.0%,P值均0.01)。NCCP患者的生活质量在8个健康维度上均明显比健康人差(P值均0.01)。NCCP患者除生理功能与焦虑得分无相关性外(P=0.164),其它健康维度与焦虑、抑郁评分均呈明显负相关(P值均0.01)。结论焦虑和抑郁在NCCP发生机制中具有重要地位,并对患者生活质量有明显的影响。     

人外周血淋巴细胞和粒细胞褪黑素受体亚型mt1 的检测

目的 检测人外周血淋巴细胞和粒细胞的褪黑素受体(MR)亚型mt1和其细胞内定位。方法 分离出健康成年人外周血淋巴细胞和粒细胞，应用RT-PCR技术分别检测其亚型mt1的mRNA，阳性产物用自动测序仪测序；同时将所分离的淋巴细胞和粒细胞制成细胞涂片，应用免疫组化染色检测mt1在淋巴细胞和粒细胞上的分布。结果 RT-PCR产物电泳显示：人外周血淋巴细胞和粒细胞均存在mt1阳性条带，片段长度约370bp，测序结果显示扩增产物与GenBank的人mt1受体亚型的基因序列相吻合；免疫组化结果显示：人外周血淋巴细胞和粒细胞均存在mt1受体蛋白，分布于细胞膜、细胞浆和细胞核，以细胞膜和细胞浆为主。结论 人外周血淋巴细胞和粒细胞中均存在MR的亚型mt1,外周血淋巴细胞和粒细胞为褪黑素作用的外周靶器官，提示褪黑素在生理及病理情况下可能对免疫系统有调节作用。     

Measuring the Complexity of Atrial Fibrillation Electrograms

AF Electrogram Complexity. Introduction: Complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAE) have been identified as targets for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Robust automatic algorithms to objectively classify these signals would be useful. The aim of this study was to evaluate Shannon's entropy (ShEn) and the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov (K‐S) test as a measure of signal complexity and to compare these measures with fractional intervals (FI) in distinguishing CFAE from non‐CFAE signals. Methods and Results: Electrogram recordings of 5 seconds obtained from multiple atrial sites in 13 patients (11 M, 58 ± 10 years old) undergoing AF ablation were visually examined by 4 independent reviewers. Electrograms were classified as CFAE if they met Nademanee criteria. Agreement of 3 or more reviewers was considered consensus and the resulting classification was used as the gold standard. A total of 297 recordings were examined. Of these, 107 were consensus CFAE, 111 were non‐CFAE, and 79 were equivocal or noninterpretable. FIs less than 120 ms identified CFAEs with sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 79%. ShEn, with optimal parameters using receiver‐operator characteristic curves, resulted in a sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 81% in identifying CFAE. The K‐S test resulted in an optimal sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 95% in classifying uninterpretable electrogram from all other electrograms. Conclusions: ShEn showed comparable results to FI in distinguishing CFAE from non‐CFAE without requiring user input for threshold levels. Thus, measuring electrogram complexity using ShEn may have utility in objectively and automatically identifying CFAE sites for AF ablation. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 649‐655, June 2010)     

健康急进高原者纤溶系统变化的研究

目的：探讨健康急进高原者纤溶系统的变化。方法：总共50名青年男性入选本试验，均为从四川省（海拔400m）招募的新兵。在乘飞机从四川进入拉萨（海拔3658m）之前及之后3d，测定血凝血酶原时间（PT）、凝血酶时间（TT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、纤维蛋白原（Fg）、纤溶酶原（Plg）、纤溶酶抑制物、D-二聚体（DD）含量。结果：进入高原后，PT、TT、APTT、DD比在平原时增高，FIB、Plg、纤溶酶抑制物降低（P〈0．05）。结论：健康人急进高原后纤溶系统变化显著。     

五家渠地区慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者吸入药物治疗现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解本地区慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)患者中C、D级患者在稳定期吸入长效抗胆碱能受体药物(LAMA)、长效支气管舒张剂/吸入激素联合制剂(LABA/ICS)治疗的现状,对影响治疗的各种因素进行分析,并从此入手提出解决方案,提高遵循GOLD(慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球倡议)指南规范化治疗慢阻肺的执行力.方法 选择就诊我...     

减低预处理剂量的异基因造血干细胞移植治疗骨髓增生异常综合征

目的:评估10例骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)患者进行非清髓异基因造血干细胞移植的效果。方法:10例MDS患者中位年龄44岁,MDS-难治性贫血(RA)1例[国际预后积分系统(IPSS)中危-Ⅰ],MDS-难治性血细胞减少伴有多系增生异常(RCMD)5例(IPSS中危-Ⅰ4例,中危-Ⅱ1例),MDS转变为急性髓系白血病4例(均为IPSS高危)。人类白细胞抗原(HLA)完全相合同胞移植7例,HLA匹配无关供者移植3例。预处理方案以白消安8～10mg/kg、氟达拉滨90～150mg/m2及全身照射2～3Gy为主,移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)预防方案为环孢素、短程甲氨蝶呤和麦考酚酸酯。移植后供受者嵌合体检测采用PCR扩增短串联重复序列方法,对流式细胞仪分选出的T淋巴细胞、自然杀伤(NK)细胞和粒细胞进行动态定量检测。结果:移植后异基因造血干细胞都成功植入,中性粒细胞>0.5×109/L的中位时间为12(10～14)d,血小板>50×109/L的中位时间为13(0～29)d。10例患者中8例发生急性GVHD,其中仅1例患者发生Ⅳ度急性GVHD,其余患者为Ⅰ度。中位随访22(3.6～70)个月,5例发生慢性GVHD。2例患者死亡,均在移植前转变为急性髓系白血病,其余8例患者均无病生存至今,血细胞数恢复正常,中位生存时间为27(15～70)个月,预期5年总生存率为79%。结论:减低预处理剂量的异基因造血干细胞移植是治疗MDS或MDS继发急性髓系白血病的有效方法。移植后需要进行嵌合体的密切监测,根据供受者嵌合比例,尤其是T淋巴细胞嵌合比例给予个体化免疫抑制剂治疗,避免复发。     

Society stress and peptic ulcer perforation

To examine the relationship between society stress and peptic ulcer perforation, time-trend analysis was performed on the annual incidence of perforated peptic ulcer per 100 000 population in Hong Kong during the years 1962–85, when Hong Kong, as a developing city, went through significant socio-economic and political changes, and the trend was correlated with specially designed and validated society stress scores estimated annually during the same period. The society stress scores were derived independently by two expert panels blinded to the purpose of the study, one selecting and categorizing negative news events for Hong Kong during this period, and the other weighing the categories and scoring the impact of the news on Hong Kong. The incidence of perforation increased significantly during the years and manifested three distinct peaks, which coincided with the worst economic recession in Hong Kong, the influx of mainlander Chinese and Vietnamese boat people, and the Sino-British negotiation on the sovereignty of Hong Kong after 1997. Both linear and autoregression analysis, the latter taking into consideration point fluctuations in rates, showed that perforation rates correlated significantly with the society stress scores (r= 0.57, P < 0.002). The peak effects and the significant correlations indicate that an association exists between society stress and peptic ulcer perforation, and suggest that chronic society stress plays an important role in the aetiology of this condition, although the relatively low r value also suggests the presence of other aetiological factors.     

冠心病患者中性粒细胞和单核细胞CD11b/CD18表达的研究

目的 :探讨不同类型冠心病患者中性粒细胞和单核细胞膜 CD11b/CD18表达的变化。方法 :选择经冠状动脉造影确诊的 49例心绞痛患者 ,30例急性心肌梗死患者和 2 0例正常人 ,用流式细胞仪直接免疫荧光法检测中性粒细胞和单核细胞膜 CD11b/CD18表达。结果 :冠心病患者中性粒细胞和单核细胞膜 CD11b/CD18表达较正常对照组均显著增加 （P<0 .0 1） ;不稳定性心绞痛和急性心肌梗死患者中性粒细胞和单核细胞膜 CD11b/CD18表达显著高于稳定性心绞痛患者 （P<0 .0 1）。与正常对照组比较 ,心绞痛患者组中性粒细胞和单核细胞计数无变化 （P>0 .0 5 ） ,而急性心肌梗死组明显增加 （P<0 .0 1）。急性心肌梗死患者中性粒细胞和单核细胞膜 CD11b/CD18表达与梗死范围无关。结论 :冠心病患者中性粒细胞和单核细胞膜 CD11b/CD18表达明显增加 ,其增加程度与心肌缺血的类型有关。