普拉克索在帕金森病治疗中的临床应用

帕金森病为一中老年人常见的慢性进展性中枢神经系统变性疾病，主要由于黑质致密区多巴胺能神经元变性导致黑质一纹状体通路多巴胺神经递质明显减少而发病。左旋多巴替代疗法虽然在帕金森病初期能有效地改善临床症状，但长期应用后疗效衰退并引起症状波动、运动障碍和精神症状等并发症。多巴胺受体激动药具有克服上述左旋多巴的不足，延缓左旋多巴治疗的开始时间并加强其治疗效果。根据多巴胺受体激动药的化学性质可将其分为麦角碱类和非麦角碱类，前临床常用药物有溴隐亭、培高利特、卡麦角林、麦角乙脲等，后包括阿朴吗啡、吡贝地尔、罗匹尼罗和普拉克索等。[第一段]     

镁离子对大鼠弥漫性轴索损伤超微结构的影响

目的探讨镁离子(Mg^2 )对脑弥漫性轴索损伤(diffuse axonal injury，DAI)脑干超微结构的影响。方法选健康成年雄性SD大鼠36只，体重350～450g，将其随机分为实验组、对照组、空白组，每组为12只。采用改良Marmarou模型制作DAI模型，伤后30min分别给予MgSO4 250μmol／kg、等渗盐水0．2ml，伤后24h处死。用透射电镜分别检测脑干超微结构，并行综合组织损伤评分。结果伤后24h，对照组髓鞘分离，线粒体嵴明显肿胀；实验组未见髓鞘分离，线粒体轻度肿胀。实验组脑干综合组织损伤程度评分明显轻于对照组。结论Mg^2 可在超微结构水平阻止DAI轴索的继发性损害，对DAI具有一定的保护作用。     

肿瘤微环境对树突细胞功能状态的影响

目的：探讨肿瘤细胞分泌的可溶性细胞因子营造的微环境对树突细胞(DCs，dendritic cells)的分化发育的影响，以进一步揭示肿瘤的免疫逃逸机制。方法：用免疫磁珠从人外周血分离CD14^ 单核细胞，加入粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、白细胞介素4(IL-4)和人白血病细胞Jurkat培养上清液体外培养DCs，以正常培养诱导的DCs作为对照，采用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术分析人白血病细胞培养上清液对DCs分化发育的影响。结果：正常培养DCs与肿瘤上清液培养的DCs相比，在细胞内蛋白质和核酸的相对含量和细胞内消耗葡萄糖重新合成磷脂的量方面差异无显著性，但是，在细胞的转录状态方面差异有显著性。结论：肿瘤细胞上清液培养液所营造的微环境细胞转录水平上对DCs的功能状态有明显的抑制作用。     

非气腹腹腔镜手术的临床应用

目的 探讨非气腹腹腔镜手术的临床应用价值。方法 回顾分析91例非气腹腹腔镜手术的临床资料。结果 91例非气腹腹腔镜手术中，胆囊切除术51例，阑尾切除术15例，联合手术10例，手助腹腔镜结直肠癌切除手术15例。全组均获成功，未发生吻合口瘘等严重并发症，无手术死亡。结论 非气腹腹腔镜手术是一种实用、安全、可行的微创手术方法，可完成较复杂的肿瘤根治性手术，具有较高的临床应用价值。     

Performance measurement of the microPET focus 120 scanner.

The microPET Focus 120 scanner is a third-generation animal PET scanner dedicated to rodent imaging. Here, we report the results of scanner performance testing. METHODS: A (68)Ge point source was used to measure energy resolution, which was determined for each crystal and averaged. Spatial resolution was measured using a (22)Na point source with a nominal size of 0.25 mm at the system center and various off-center positions. Absolute sensitivity without attenuation was determined by extrapolating the data measured using an (18)F line source and multiple layers of absorbers. Scatter fraction and counting rate performance were measured using 2 different cylindric phantoms simulating rat and mouse bodies. Sensitivity, scatter fraction, and noise equivalent counting rate (NECR) experiments were repeated under 4 different conditions (energy window, 250 approximately 750 keV or 350 approximately 650 keV; coincidence window, 6 or 10 ns). A performance phantom with hot-rod inserts of various sizes was scanned, and several animal studies were also performed. RESULTS: Energy resolution at a 511-keV photopeak was 18.3% on average. Radial, tangential, and axial resolution of images reconstructed with the Fourier rebinning (FORE) and filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithms were 1.18 (radial), 1.13 (tangential), and 1.45 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) (axial) at center and 2.35 (radial), 1.66 (tangential), and 2.00 mm FWHM (axial) at a radial offset of 2 cm. Absolute sensitivities at transaxial and axial centers were 7.0% (250 approximately 750 keV, 10 ns), 6.7% (250 approximately 750 keV, 6 ns), 4.0% (350 approximately 650 keV, 10 ns), and 3.8% (350 approximately 650 keV, 6 ns). Scatter fractions were 15.9% (mouse phantom) and 35.0% (rat phantom) for 250 approximately 750 keV and 6 ns. Peak NECR was 869 kcps at 3,242 kBq/mL (mouse phantom) and 228 kcps at 290 kBq/mL (rat phantom) at 250 approximately 750 keV and 6 ns. Hot-rod inserts of 1.6-mm diameter were clearly identified, and animal studies illustrated the feasibility of this system for studies of whole rodents and mid-sized animal brains. CONCLUSION: The results of this independent field test showed the improved physical characteristics of the F120 scanner over the previous microPET series systems. This system will be useful for imaging studies on small rodents and brains of larger animals.     

综合疗法治疗儿童单纯性肥胖症31例

目的探讨综合疗法治疗儿童肥胖症的疗效。方法对31例儿童肥胖症患者进行综合治疗，包括大黄膏身体各部位按摩，用内分泌治疗仪或用远红外线灯照射全身穴位，女患儿加用太空衣治疗，然后采用电脑减肥治疗仪在全身各部位进行治疗。同时制定饮食处方和运动处方并进行行为指导。结果治疗组体重减少5～10k，有效率93．5％；对照组体重减少2～4kg，有效率46．7％。同时腰围明显减小。结论综合疗法治疗儿童肥胖症是很有效的。且无任何不良反应。     

Ⅳ型胶原在贲门癌自体荧光诊断中的意义初步探讨

目的通过比较胃底贲门正常组织和癌组织中Ⅲ、Ⅳ型胶原蛋白分布差异，分析胃底贲门组织癌变后Ⅲ、Ⅳ型胶原蛋白分布的改变对组织的自体荧光产生的影响。方法采用免疫组化技术，半定量计分分析Ⅲ、Ⅳ型胶原在16例责门癌病人正常组织和癌组织中的分布差异。结果正常组织的基底膜呈现很强的Ⅳ型胶原抗体阳性反应，在基底膜形成较粗的环形染色带；Ⅲ型胶原抗体阳性反应在细胞外间质呈连续的细丝纤维样。癌组织Ⅳ型胶原抗体反应在癌巢周边为阴性，或仅在残存的基底膜有片断的阳性反应；而Ⅲ型胶原在癌间质中的抗体阳性反应较正常组织变化不明显，或还稍有增强；Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型在正常组织和癌组织中的分布差异有极其显著性（P〈0．001）。结论胃底贲门组织癌变后，细胞外基质内Ⅳ型胶原显著减少，而Ⅲ型胶原减少不明显；Ⅳ型胶原是胃底贲门黏膜细胞外基质自体荧光的主要来源；组织发生癌变后，细胞外基质中Ⅳ型胶原的降解是癌组织自体荧光减弱的主要原因之一。     

转移瘤致股骨近端病理骨折的治疗

目的　探讨转移瘤致股骨近端病理骨折的治疗方法。方法　分析 1995年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 5月手术治疗的 16例的临床资料。结果　无手术并发症 ,术后疼痛明显缓解 ,伤口除 1例浅层感染外 ,余愈合良好。所有病例均存活在 3个月以上 ,14例术后继续原发肿瘤治疗。结论　股骨近端转移瘤所致的病理骨折应积极行手术治疗 ,内固定以带锁髓内钉加骨水泥为好。     

A case of congenital supratentorial tumor: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor or primitive neuroectodermal tumor?

Two embryonal CNS tumors, atypical teratoid/rabdoid tumor (AT/RT) and primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), may be confused with each other and misdiagnosed. Here we report an infant with a congenital supratentorial tumor, which was detected by fetal MRI at 37 weeks gestation. On routine histological examination, the tumor was composed mainly of small undifferentiated cells, among which many rhabdoid cells and occasional sickle‐shaped embracing cells were observed. No mesenchymal or epithelial areas were evident. Our impression was that the tumor was an atypical example of AT/RT. Immunohistochemically, almost all the tumor cells were strongly positive for vimentin. However, epithelial membrane antigen was notably negative, and most of the tumor cell nuclei were clearly positive for INI1. In addition, many tumor cells were positive for neurofilament protein. There were also occasional small areas containing many tumor cells positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein. Finally, a diagnosis of PNET, with a rhabdoid phenotype and expression of neuronal and glial markers, was made. In the present case, application of INI1 immunostaining was very helpful for distinguishing PNET from AT/RT.