高容量血液滤过对急重型弥散性脑肿胀治疗的临床研究

目的观察使用高容量血液滤过(血滤)对急重型弥散性脑肿胀治疗效果的临床研究。方法34例诊断为急重型弥散性脑肿胀、GCS评分为3~6分的病人被随机分成两组:治疗组(n=17)和对照组(n=17)。治疗组的病人入院后即给予高容量血液滤过治疗,置换液为3.0~4.0L/h,血流量为200~300m l/m in,时间为3~5d;对照组按普通常规治疗。两组病人均用血清神经元特异性烯醇酶连续监测1周,GCS在治疗后1、10、20d和GOS于3个月后进行检验、评估及统计。结果治疗组和对照组的血清NSE和GCS分别为(12.4±2.2)μg/L、(9.6±2.6)μg/L和(26.3±2.8)μg/L、(6.3±2.3)μg/L,两组有明显差异(P<0.01)。3个月后GOS评估,治疗组优于对照组,GOS 4~5级:治疗组7例(41.1%),对照组3例(17.7%);死亡:治疗组6例(35.3%),对照组9例(52.9%)。结论早期使用高容量血液滤过对急重型弥散性脑肿胀的治疗有明显疗效。     

厄贝沙坦治疗肾性高血压121例疗效观察

目的观察厄贝沙坦治疗肾性高血压的临床疗效。方法121例肾性高血压确诊患者随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组服用卡托普利,观察组服用厄贝沙坦,根据血压变化情况调整给药剂量。监测血压、肾功能、尿蛋白、及副反应发生情况。结果治疗后各项指标值较治疗前均有不同程度的降低。观察组血压下降幅度大于对照组血压下降幅度,差异具有显著性,p<0.05。观察组治疗后蛋白尿改善程度优于对照组,观察组对肾功能的改善也优于对照组。不良反应发生率分别为对照组10.0%,观察组4.9%,两组不良反应发生率比较差异具有显著性,p<0.05。结论厄贝沙坦治疗肾性高血压具有良好的疗效。     

罗格列酮对糖尿病大鼠肝脏病变超微结构的影响

目的 观察糖尿病大鼠的肝脏结构变化以及罗格列酮对糖尿病大鼠肝脏病变超微结构的影响.方法 30只SD大鼠随机分为3组.对照(C)组:腹腔注射浓度为0.1 mmol/L、pH值为4.5的枸橼酸钠溶液.糖尿病组(D)组:腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)60 mg/kg+浓度为0.1 mmol/L、pH值为4.5的枸橼酸钠溶液.糖尿病加罗格列酮治疗(DR)组:先腹腔注射含STZ 60 mg/kg+浓度为0.1 mmol/L、pH值为4.5的枸橼酸钠溶液,3 d后给予0.9%氯化钠溶液溶解的罗格列酮1 mg·Kg-1·d-1灌胃.10周后,在透射电子显微镜下观察肝脏组织,并由两位病理学专家评价损伤程度.结果 D组大鼠的肝脏组织出现明显的线粒体肿胀,萎缩;毛细胆管的中央区域明显扩张.D组损伤程度评分为(23.9±0.8)分,显著高于C组的(4.7±0.2)分和DR组的(5.2±0.1)分(P值均<0.01).结论 罗格列酮可以保护由STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠的肝细胞和毛细胆管.     

Allelic variants of the human glutathione S-transferase P1 gene confer differential cytoprotection against anticancer agents in Escherichia coli

The polymorphic human GSTP1 gene locus encodes proteins that differentially metabolize electrophilic substrates, including, many chemotherapeutic agents used in clinical cancer therapy. In this study, we used XL1-Blue MRF strain, transformed with phagemid expression vectors carrying cDNAs of three GSTP1 alleles, to investigate the cytoprotective abilities of the different GSTP1 alleles against four clinically active anticancer agents, namely, carboplatin, cisplatin, thiotepa, and 4-hydroperoxyifosfamide. Following induction of protein expression with isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactoside, the cells were treated with each drug for 3 h (1 h for 4-hydroperoxyifosfamide). Surviving fractions were determined and used to compute a cytoprotective factor for each allele against each drug. The results showed all the GSTP1 alleles to be cytoprotective, albeit, to different degrees. For cisplatin and carboplatin, the allele was most protective, with CPs of 5.58 and 3.76, respectively, compared with 1.21 and 1.61 for and 2.50 and 2.79 for. In contrast, protection against thiotepa was highest for the allele, with a cytoprotective factor of 1.56, compared to 1.32 for and 1.1 for. For 4-hydroperoxyifosfamide, the CP for and was the same, 1.45, compared with 1.18 for. These data demonstrate significant differences in the ability of the different GSTP1 alleles to protect against the cytotoxicity of electrophilic anticancer agents. The level of protection differs significantly between different GSTP1 alleles, and between different anticancer agents. The optimized prokaryotic system described provides a useful and rapid tool for pharmacogenetic analysis of the effects of genes on drug sensitivity.     

家兔大脑皮层诱发电位的实验改进

目的:对家兔大脑皮层诱发电位的实验进行改进。方法:使用RM6240B生物信号采集处理系统,将刺激输出电极插入家兔前爪腕部,在家兔颅骨钻孔,将通道输入电极连于钻头,电刺激并观察电位变化。结果:在家兔大脑皮层记录到诱发电位,出现主反应、次反应和后发放。结论:改进后的钻孔术,不易损伤大脑皮层,也不需暴露外周神经,操作简单,成功率高。     

Convulsive seizures induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate microinjection into the mesencephalic reticular formation in rats

Effects of microinjections of a single 2 or 10 nmol dose of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) into the unilateral mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) on behavior and electroencephalogram were examined in rats (n=18) during a 15 min period (Exp. 1), and subsequent effects of sound stimulation with key jingling applied at 15, 30, and 45 min after the injections were observed (Exp. 2). The microinjections of 2 nmol dose of NMDA (n=10) induced hyperactivity (9 of 10 rats) and running/circling (8 of 10 rats) in Exp. 1, and hyperactivity (3 of 10 rats) in Exp. 2. Moreover, the microinjections of 10 nmol dose of NMDA (n=8) induced not only hyperactivity (8 of 8 rats) and running/circling (7 of 8 rats) but also generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) (5 of 8 rats) in Exp. 1; these seizure patterns were also elicited by sound stimulation in Exp. 2. The seizure patterns were accompanied by electroencephalographic seizure discharges in the MRF and the motor cortex. In contrast, the control group rats (n=10) which received a single dose of saline microinjection into the unilateral MRF showed no behavioral or electroencephalographic changes in both Exp. 1 and 2. These findings suggest that the MRF has an important role in the development of GTCS, which follows hyperactivity and running/circling, and that potentiation of excitatory neurotransmission in the MRF participates in the development of audiogenic seizures as well as GTCS.