Erythropoietin upregulates growth associated protein-43 expression and promotes retinal ganglion cell axonal regeneration in vivo after optic nerve crush

In this study, we established a rat model of optic nerve crush to explore the effects of erythropoietin on retinal ganglion cell axonal regeneration. At 15 days after injury in erythropoietin treated rats, retinal ganglion cell densities in regions corresponding to the 1/6, 3/6 and 5/6 ratios of the retinal radius were significantly increased. In addition, the number of growth associated protein-43 positive axons was significantly increased at different distances (50, 250 and 500 ?m) from the crush site after erythropoietin treatment. Erythropoietin significantly increased growth associated protein-43 protein levels in the retina after crush injury, as determined by western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. These results demonstrate that erythropoietin protects injured retinal ganglion cells and promotes axonal regeneration.     

盐酸米诺环素联合翻瓣术辅助治疗慢性牙周炎疗效的Meta分析

目的 系统评价牙周翻瓣术中使用2%盐酸米诺环素处理根面的疗效,为其治疗慢性牙周炎提供循证医学证据。方法 检索中国期刊全文数据库、维普、万方、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、ScienceDirect和Embase等数据库,检索时限为从建库到2017年7月。由2名评价员独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用RevMan 5.3对数据进行Meta分析。结果 最终纳入7个随机对照实验,共217例受试者。Meta分析结果显示,与单纯翻瓣术（FO）组比较,盐酸米诺环素联合翻瓣术（FM）组患者随访3个月时的探诊深度减少[MD=-0.55,95%CI（-0.84,-0.26）,P=0.000 2],菌斑指数降低[MD=-0.08,95%CI（-0.15,-0.01）,P=0.03],随访6个月时探诊深度减少[MD=-0.62,95%CI（-1.04,-0.21）,P=0.003]方面更加明显,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。FM组患者随访3个月时在临床附着丧失获得[MD=-0.21,95%CI（-0.47,0.04）,P=0.10]方面改变的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 在翻瓣下机械清创治疗慢性牙周炎中,使用2%盐酸米诺环素处理根面减少探诊深度和炎症控制方面有明显的效果。     

Mangiferin Stimulates Carbohydrate Oxidation and Protects Against Metabolic Disorders Induced by High-Fat Diets

Excessive dietary fat intake causes systemic metabolic toxicity, manifested in weight gain, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. In addition, carbohydrate utilization as a fuel is substantially inhibited. Correction or reversal of these effects during high-fat diet (HFD) intake is of exceptional interest in light of widespread occurrence of diet-associated metabolic disorders in global human populations. Here we report that mangiferin (MGF), a natural compound (the predominant constituent of Mangifera indica extract from the plant that produces mango), protected against HFD-induced weight gain, increased aerobic mitochondrial capacity and thermogenesis, and improved glucose and insulin profiles. To obtain mechanistic insight into the basis for these effects, we determined that mice exposed to an HFD combined with MGF exhibited a substantial shift in respiratory quotient from fatty acid toward carbohydrate utilization. MGF treatment significantly increased glucose oxidation in muscle of HFD-fed mice without changing fatty acid oxidation. These results indicate that MGF redirects fuel utilization toward carbohydrates. In cultured C2C12 myotubes, MGF increased glucose and pyruvate oxidation and ATP production without affecting fatty acid oxidation, confirming in vivo and ex vivo effects. Furthermore, MGF inhibited anaerobic metabolism of pyruvate to lactate but enhanced pyruvate oxidation. A key target of MGF appears to be pyruvate dehydrogenase, determined to be activated by MGF in a variety of assays. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of activation of carbohydrate utilization in correction of metabolic syndrome and highlight the potential of MGF to serve as a model compound that can elicit fuel-switching effects.     

Apoptosis and necroptosis in developing of mouse nephron

目的 观察小鼠肾单位发育过程中的程序性细胞死亡现象.方法 应用光镜、透射电镜、原位缺口末端标记法及免疫组织化学技术观察胚龄12、14、16、18 d胎鼠肾单位发育过程中的细胞凋亡.结果 小鼠肾单位发育过程中的程序性细胞死亡主要有经典凋亡、坏死性凋亡和副凋亡3种方式.随着小鼠胚龄增加,凋亡指数逐渐升高,在胚龄18 d达到高峰[(29 45±3.34)％,P＜0.05].Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达也逐渐增加,均于胚龄18 d达到高峰,分别为(80.52±4.06、33.67±3.42,P＜0.05).结论 小鼠肾单位发育过程中各部位PCD的表现具有明显差异,出现了多种细胞凋亡形式,其中以经典凋亡为主,还出现了坏死性凋亡和副凋亡.     

Changing paradigms in clinical oncology research �� Highlights from the 2011 ASCO annual meeting and beyond

In this review, some important clinical advances presented at the 2011 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) meeting are summarized. Emerging trends in clinical oncology research are also discussed based on an analysis of the ASCO abstract database in recent years.     

β-d-Glucosyl-(1–4)-α-l-thevetosides of 17β-digitoxigenin from seeds of Cerbera manghas L. induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells

β-d-Glucosyl-(1–4)-α-l-thevetosides of 17β-digitoxigenin (GHSC-73) is a cardiac glycoside isolated from the seeds of Cerbera manghas L. GHSC-73 reduced viability of HepG2 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner without decreasing the viability of Chang human liver cells and Swiss albino 3T3 fibroblasts, induced efficiently stimulated apoptosis in HepG2 cells as evidenced by DNA fragmentation, annexin V/PI binding assay and DAPI staining. This apoptotic process was accompanied by the activation of the effector caspase-3, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ_m) and translocation of AIF from the mitochondrion to the nucleus in HepG2 cells. In addition, a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk) tested in this experiment partially prevent HepG2 cells from GHSC-73-induced cell death, but did not affect translocation of AIF from the mitochondrion to the nucleus after GHSC-73 treatment. Our results firstly show that GHSC-73 inhibits the growth of HepG2 cells through caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis pathways.     

Two polymorphisms in NEDD4L gene and essential hypertension in Chinese Hans - a population-based case-control study

Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated 4-like (NEDD4L) gene may play an important role in the development of hypertension by regulating the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel for sodium reabsorption. Recently, a functional polymorphism located at the last nucleotide of exon 1 (rs4149601) of the NEDD4L gene were found to be associated with hypertension both in African Americans and whites, and a "flip-flop" association with hypertension was found in two white samples for a polymorphism located at intron 13 (rs3865418). In this study, we aimed at examining the role of these two variants on essential hypertension in Chinese Hans. In a population-based association study, we observed significantly higher prevalence of T allelic frequencies (p = 0.023) in hypertensives than normotensives. In logistic regression analysis, the stronger association was found under the additive model with an odds ratio of 1.31 (1.04-1.67) for T allele (p = 0.025). The association remained significant (p = 0.039) with an odds ratio of 1.29 (1.01-3.66) when adjusting for age and sex. We also constructed an ANCOVA factorial model by using clinical parameters as the dependent variable for rs3865418 polymorphisms. A significantly higher diastolic blood pressure was observed at rs3865418 in the dominant model for the T allele (p = 0.009). The positive association still exist after controlling age and sex (p = 0.013). For rs4149601 polymorphism, however, we did not observe a positive association with hypertension by implicating either logistic regression models or ANCOVA models. Thus, our results support rs3865418 but not rs4149601 polymorphism of NEDD4L gene implicated in the prevalence of hypertension in Chinese Hans.     

埃索美拉唑三联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌相关性胃溃疡疗效的回顾性研究

摘 要 目的:探讨埃索美拉唑三联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌（Hp）相关性胃溃疡的疗效。方法：采用回顾性研究方法,72例Hp相关性胃溃疡患者根据治疗方案的不同分为研究组和对照组两组,对照组患者给予奥美拉唑、莫西沙星、阿莫西林/克拉维酸钾治疗,研究组患者给予埃索美拉唑、莫西沙星、阿莫西林/克拉维酸钾治疗。两组疗程均为3周。观察两组患者治疗前后血清炎症因子水平变化;比较两组患者治疗前后临床症状评分平均值、Hp根除率、不良反应发生率、溃疡临床症状改善情况及临床疗效。结果：治疗后,两组患者的血清C反应蛋白、白细胞介素6水平以及临床症状评分平均值均较治疗前显著降低（P<0.05）,且研究组各项结果均低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组患者的Hp根除率、临床症状改善的总有效率、临床疗效总有效率均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,两组药品不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：埃索美拉唑三联疗法治疗Hp相关性胃溃疡疗效显著,Hp根除率高,能有效改善患者临床症状,降低血清炎症因子水平,且安全性高,适合临床推广应用。     

中国临床药学研究生教育的现状分析与展望

目的 探讨和分析我国临床药学研究生教育现状,促进提高临床药学研究生教育水平和质量。 方法 通过网络检索文献,调查我国临床药学教育现状,分析评价临床药学教育模式和发展趋势。 结果 纳入分析的文献136篇,涉及现状分析、模式探讨、国内外比较和课程优化的文献70篇(51.47%)。分析表明目前临床药学研究生教育主要有专业学位和科学学位2种培养模式,但在课程设置和教学方法方面尚未形成较为成熟的教育模式。主要问题是:课程设置不合理、临床实践学时不足、教学内容与临床需求脱节。 结论 我国现行临床药学研究生教育尚不能达到研究生培养目标,也难以满足临床药学对研究生人才的需要。建议在临床药学研究生的培养过程中要注重理论联系实际,突出医药融会贯通,优化教学内容和方法,规范教学质量标准。