肉桂挥发油对“虚证”模型环核苷酸系统反应性的影响

本实验用纯系CFW小鼠与Wistar大鼠建立“虚证”模型。以环核苷酸系统反应性为指标观察了肉桂挥发油的作用。通过气相色谱及气质联用等方法研究表明,本实验所提取的挥发油中桂皮醛含量约为92％。肉桂挥发油可显著降低“阳虚”——甲状腺素缺乏(甲减)模型升高了的cGMP系统反应性而使其降低了的耗O_2率升高;这是一种治疗作用。肉桂挥发油可显著升高“阴虚”——甲状腺素过多(甲亢)模型已升高了的cAMP系统反应性并使其升高了的耗O_2率进一步升高,这是一种恶化作用。这两种作用与中医对症治疗的原则是一致的。     

Investigation of an outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis gastroenteritis associated with consumption of eggs in a restaurant chain in Maryland

Salmonella enteritidis ser. enteritidis was isolated from patrons and employees of three restaurants in a restaurant chain in Maryland during August and September 1985. Isolates from all three restaurants had identical plasmid profiles; this profile was present in 13 of 40 randomly selected S. enteritidis isolates received by the Maryland state health department laboratory during a comparable time period. The outbreak in one restaurant resulted in at least 71 illnesses, with 17 persons known to have been hospitalized. Scrambled eggs served on a "breakfast bar" were implicated as the vehicle of transmission in this restaurant, with eggs a possible vehicle in another of the three restaurants. The data point out the risks associated with improper handling of eggs in food service establishments, provide further evidence for the observed association between S. enteritidis and eggs in the northeastern United States, and demonstrate the utility of plasmid analysis in investigation of outbreaks involving common Salmonella serotypes.     

Effects of age and chronic renal failure on the urinary excretion kinetics of famotidine in man

Summary The plasma and urine concentrations of famotidine, a new, potent H₂-receptor antagonist, have been measured in 16 healthy young adults, 8 healthy elderly people and 18 patients with varying degrees of renal dysfunction after intravenous administration.Both the plasma elimination and renal excretion of famotidine were decreased in the elderly volunteers and renal patients. The renal clearance of famotidine averaged 4.43 ml/min/kg (310 ml/min) in normal young volunteers, which exceeded the mean creatinine clearance 1.55 ml/min/kg (109 ml/min), suggesting net secretion is a significant mechanism for elimination of famotidine.The ratio of famotidine renal clearance to creatinine clearance decreased as creatinine clearance decreased; these results suggest that the deterioration in the secretion process was much faster than that in glomerular filtration and are incompatible with the intact nephron hypothesis. Nevertheless, both total body clearance and renal clearance were significantly correlated with creatinine clearance.The apparent half-life was also significantly correlated with creatinine clearance. Since famotidine is essentially free of dose-related adverse effects, dose adjustment in patients with mild renal insufficiency and in elderly people is not required; however, either a prolonged dosing interval or a decrease in daily dose during long-term therapy may be adapted for the patients with severe renal insufficiency to avoid accumulation and the potential undesirable effects.     

5-hydroxytryptamine receptors in the hypothalamus mediate thermoregulatory responses in rabbits

Summary 1. The effects of microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) or its antagonists methysergide (a 5-HT₁ receptor antagonist), cyproheptadine (a mixed 5-HT₁/5-HT₂ receptor antagonist), or ketanserin (a 5-HT₂ receptor antagonist) into the preoptic anterior hypothalamus on thermoregulatory responses were assessed in conscious rabbits at different ambient temperatures (T _a). 2. Intrahypothalamic injection of 5-HT caused dose-dependent hypothermia in rabbits when the T _a was 2°C and 22°C. At 2°C the hypothermia was due to decreased metabolism, whereas at 22°C the hypothermia was due to increased peripheral blood flow and increased respiratory evaporative heat loss. 3. In contrast, administration of either cyproheptadine, methysergide or ketanserin into the 5-HT-sensitive sites in the preoptic anterior hypothalamus caused dose-dependent hyperthermia in rabbits when the T _a was 2°C, 22°C and 32°C. At 2°C the hyperthermia was due to increased metabolism, whereas at 32°C the hyperthermia was due to decreased peripheral blood flow and decreased respiratory evaporative heat loss. At 22°C, the hyperthermia was due to increased metabolism and decreased peripheral blood flow. 4. For a given intrahypothalamic dose (e.g.15–20 g), either methysergide, cyproheptadine or ketanserin produced the same degree of rectal temperature elevation (e.g. about 1.4°C) in rabbits. Thus, there did not appear to be any association between hypothalamic 5-HT receptor types and thermoregulation. 5. However, the present results suggest that hypothalamic 5-HT receptors mediate thermoregulatory responses in the rabbit. Activation of hypothalamic 5-HT receptors decreases heat production and increases heat loss, whereas inhibition of hypothalamic 5-HT receptors increases heat production and decreases heat loss in the rabbit.This study was supported by grants from the National Science Council of the Republic of China. Send offprint requests to S. J. Won at the above address     

LncRNA-MAFG-AS1在结直肠癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨LncRNA-MAFG-AS1在结直肠癌中的表达及临床意义。方法 选取我院行手术切除的结直肠癌组织及对应的癌旁正常组织各80例,应用定量即时聚合酶链锁反应(quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction, qRT-PCR)检测结直肠癌组织及癌旁正常组织中LncRNA-MAFG-AS1的表达水平,并分析其与结直肠癌临床病理特征之间的关系,所有患者随访截止日期到2019年12月31日,应用Kaplan-Meier(K-M)法进行生存分析,采用Cox回归模型分析结直肠癌预后的危险因素。结果 结直肠癌组织中LncRNA-MAFG-AS1相对表达量为2.398±0.214,高于癌旁正常组织的1.032±0.132,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。当患者TNM分期更高、中高分化及存在淋巴结转移和远期转移时,LncRNA-MAFG-AS1过表达(P<0.05)。K-M生存分析显示高表达患者无进展生存时间(progression-free survival, PFS)为(20.36±3.21)个月,低表达患者为(29.71±4....     

自主神经功能与功能性便秘患者临床症状的相关性分析

目的：根据功能性便秘（functional constipation,FC）患者临床资料分析内脏自主神经功能与便秘症状特征、心理状态及生活质量的相关性。方法：评估102例FC患者和42例健康对照者的一般资料、精神心理状态和心率变异性（heart rate variability,HRV）检测结果,再根据HRV检测结果将FC患者分为自主神经张力偏向正常组、严重偏向交感神经张力组和严重偏向副交感神经张力组;比较各组间Zung’s焦虑自评量表（self-rating anxiety scale,SAS）和抑郁自评量表（self-rating depression scale,SDS）、便秘评分系统（constipation scoring system,CSS）和便秘患者症状自评量表（patient assessment of constipation symptoms, PAC-SYM）、便秘患者生活质量自评问卷（patient assessment of constipation quality of life,PAC-QOL）分值差异,同时比较不同 HRV分组间肛直肠测压参数、肠电图参数差异,分析便秘患者生活质量与自主神经功能、精神心理状态、便秘症状之间的相关性。结果：与健康对照组相比,FC患者焦虑抑郁水平显著升高,HRV检测结果显示自主神经功能异常率高。不同HRV分组的 FC患者间肛直肠测压参数、肠电图参数差异无统计学意义;与交感-副交感神经张力偏向正常组相比,严重偏向交感神经张力组患者明显存在明显的焦虑抑郁情绪、PAC-SYM较高、生活质量降低（主要是躯体不适和担心焦虑两个维度）。严重偏向副交感神经张力组患者CSS评分最高,可能与抑郁情绪为主导有关。多重线性回归显示,患者的焦虑抑郁情绪、自主神经功能显著影响便秘患者生活质量。结论：自主神经功能紊乱的便秘患者存在明显的焦虑抑郁情绪,与便秘严重程度相比,自主神经功能紊乱、焦虑抑郁情绪对便秘患者的生活质量具有更明显的负面影响。调节自主神经功能、心理干预或中枢神经药物等治疗可能具有重要临床意义。     

绝经后高血压危险因素的Meta分析

背景 流行病学研究表明,绝经后女性的高血压患病率高于老年男性。近年来,有关绝经后高血压的临床表现、病理特征、发病机制、治疗方法等受到越来越多的关注,但由于受到研究设计、样本量、人群特征、资源不足等因素的影响,其危险因素的研究结果不一致且缺乏全面报道。目的 运用系统评价方式探讨女性绝经后高血压的危险因素,为更好地预防和管理绝经后高血压提供循证证据。方法 于2022年1—5月,计算机检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、EmBase、the Cochrane Library、Web of Science电子数据库,获取与绝经后高血压危险因素相关的队列及病例对照研究。检索时限为建库起至2022-05-20。由2名研究者独立根据纳入和排除标准筛选文献、提取资料,采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（NOS）对所提取的文献进行偏倚风险评估,将得分≥6分（高质量）的文献纳入研究,最后采用RevMan 5.3对其进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入10篇文献,5篇为队列研究,5篇为病例对照研究,共涉及16个危险因素,总样本量为34 864,且均为高质量文献。Meta分析结果显示,...     

急性冠脉综合征患者强化抗栓治疗研究进展

急性冠脉综合征（ACS）是冠心病的严重类型,ACS患者不仅病死率较高,还存在缺血事件（如缺血性卒中、心肌梗死）复发风险。血小板聚集及血栓形成是导致ACS的重要原因。为降低缺血事件的发生风险,临床推荐ACS患者接受阿司匹林联合强效P2Y12抑制剂的双联抗血小板治疗12个月。然而在标准双联抗血小板治疗下,ACS患者残余缺血风险（经抗栓治疗后仍残留的缺血事件发生风险）仍旧较高。因此为进一步降低缺血事件发生风险,临床对强化抗栓方案的研究也逐渐增多。本文通过总结强化抗栓治疗方案的作用机制及其最新研究进展,发现延长双联抗血小板治疗时间、三联抗血小板治疗、双通道抑制（抗血小板联合抗凝治疗）等强化抗栓治疗方案可降低缺血事件发生风险,为进一步指导临床个体化抗栓治疗及明确最佳抗栓策略提供了参考。     

SNHG6靶向miR-101/TGFBR1促进AMI小鼠左心室心肌纤维化

目的探讨SNHG6对急性心肌梗死(AMI)小鼠左心室心肌的影响。 方法将30只雄性C57/BL6小鼠构建成AMI小鼠后随机均分为AMI组、AMI+SNHG6组、AMI+miR-101-3p组、AMI+SNHG6+miR-101-3p组、AMI+miR-101-3p+TGFBR1组,另设正常小鼠6只为假手术组。qRT-PCR检测AMI小鼠SNHG6、miR-101-3p表达水平。心脏彩超检测各组小鼠左室射血分数(LVEF);马松和天狼星红染色法以及免疫组化分析各组小鼠左心室心肌纤维化变化。将H9C2细胞株分为阴性对照组(转染空质粒)、SNHG6组(转染质粒SNHG6)、miR-101-3p组(转染质粒miR-101-3p)。Western blotting检测各组TGFBR1蛋白表达;采用双荧光素酶报告基因法预测并验证SNHG6/miR-101-3p/TGFBR1荧光素酶活性及调控机制。 结果AMI小鼠较假手术组SNHG6表达显著增加,miR-101-3p降低(P＜0.05)。与AMI组比较,AMI+SNHG6组小鼠LVEF降低,心肌纤维化程度加重(P＜0.05);AMI+miR-101-3p组LVEF升高,心肌纤维化程度减轻(P＜0.05)。AMI+SNHG6+miR-101-3p组较AMI+SNHG6组LVEF升高、心肌纤维化程度减轻(P＜0.05),而AMI+miR-101-3p+TGFBR1组较AMI+miR-101-3p组LVEF降低、心肌纤维化程度加重(P＜0.05)。双荧光素酶报告基因法验证显示,miR-101-3p组SNHG6、TGFBR1野生型质粒的荧光素酶活性较阴性对照组明显降低(P＜0.05)。 结论SNHG6抑制miR-101-3p上调TGFBR1加重AMI小鼠左心室心肌纤维化。     

中医药治疗子宫内膜息肉的临床研究进展

子宫内膜息肉是妇科常见疾病,现代中医认为本病主要病理因素是瘀滞,临床常见气滞血瘀、痰湿瘀阻、湿热瘀滞、气虚血瘀、阳虚血瘀诸证,运用中医药辨证治疗、中医外治法,可有效改善临床症状,降低息肉复发率,提高妊娠率。本文将近十年中医药治疗子宫内膜息肉的临床研究作以综述。