全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7231篇 |
免费 | 347篇 |
国内免费 | 67篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 97篇 |
儿科学 | 172篇 |
妇产科学 | 31篇 |
基础医学 | 751篇 |
口腔科学 | 195篇 |
临床医学 | 492篇 |
内科学 | 1953篇 |
皮肤病学 | 164篇 |
神经病学 | 441篇 |
特种医学 | 283篇 |
外科学 | 1198篇 |
综合类 | 32篇 |
预防医学 | 172篇 |
眼科学 | 263篇 |
药学 | 601篇 |
中国医学 | 8篇 |
肿瘤学 | 792篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 51篇 |
2022年 | 122篇 |
2021年 | 206篇 |
2020年 | 124篇 |
2019年 | 152篇 |
2018年 | 204篇 |
2017年 | 148篇 |
2016年 | 187篇 |
2015年 | 200篇 |
2014年 | 240篇 |
2013年 | 295篇 |
2012年 | 504篇 |
2011年 | 522篇 |
2010年 | 331篇 |
2009年 | 251篇 |
2008年 | 472篇 |
2007年 | 484篇 |
2006年 | 477篇 |
2005年 | 456篇 |
2004年 | 412篇 |
2003年 | 377篇 |
2002年 | 376篇 |
2001年 | 68篇 |
2000年 | 61篇 |
1999年 | 88篇 |
1998年 | 76篇 |
1997年 | 62篇 |
1996年 | 64篇 |
1995年 | 51篇 |
1994年 | 44篇 |
1993年 | 39篇 |
1992年 | 47篇 |
1991年 | 38篇 |
1990年 | 36篇 |
1989年 | 40篇 |
1988年 | 27篇 |
1987年 | 30篇 |
1986年 | 23篇 |
1985年 | 30篇 |
1984年 | 33篇 |
1983年 | 23篇 |
1982年 | 18篇 |
1981年 | 19篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 20篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1975年 | 12篇 |
1974年 | 11篇 |
1973年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有7645条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
92.
Makoto Shinzeki Yuichi Hori Yasuhiro Fujino Ippei Matsumoto Hirochika Toyama Toshiaki Tsujimura Tetsuya Sakai Tetsuo Ajiki Yoshikazu Kuroda Yonson Ku 《Surgery today》2010,40(5):470-473
Hemosuccus pancreaticus (HP) is mostly induced by a ruptured pseudoaneurysm or hemorrhage from a pseudocyst in chronic pancreatitis.
We herein report a rare case with HP induced by tumor hemorrhage. The present patient is a 71-year-old woman referred to us
with a diagnosis of severe progressive anemia. Endoscopy revealed hemorrhage from the papilla of Vater. Computed tomography
showed a multilocular cystic tumor in the tail of the pancreas. The patient underwent a distal pancreatectomy. The histopathological
diagnosis was carcinoma in mucinous cystadenoma. No cancer infiltration into the pancreatic duct was detected. Pancreatography
of the resected specimen demonstrated an overt communication between the main pancreatic duct and the cystic cavity of the
tumor, which was not demonstrated preoperatively by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography. Although the cause of HP is mainly
acute or chronic pancreatitis, we should bear in mind that a pancreatic tumor may be a possible cause of HP and that, as such,
prompt and proper treatment is mandatory. 相似文献
93.
Verica Aleksic Akira Aoki Kengo Iwasaki Aristeo Atsushi Takasaki Chen-Ying Wang Yoshimitsu Abiko Isao Ishikawa Yuichi Izumi 《Lasers in medical science》2010,25(4):559-569
Although the use of high-level Er:YAG laser irradiation has been increasing in periodontal and peri-implant therapy, the effects
of low-level Er:YAG laser on surrounding tissues and cells remain unclear. In the present study, the effects of low-level
Er:YAG laser irradiation on osteoblast proliferation were investigated. Cells of the osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 were
treated with low-level Er:YAG laser irradiation with various combinations of laser settings (fluence 0.7–17.2 J/cm2) and in the absence or presence of culture medium during irradiation. On day 1 and/or day 3, cell proliferation and death
were determined by cell counting and by measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Further, the role of mitogen-activated
protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in laser-enhanced cell proliferation was investigated by inhibiting the MAPK pathways and then
measuring MAPK phosphorylation by Western blotting. Higher proliferation rates were found with various combinations of irradiation
parameters on days 1 and 3. Significantly higher proliferation was also observed in laser-irradiated MC3T3-E1 cells at a fluence
of approximately 1.0–15.1 J/cm2, whereas no increase in LDH activity was observed. Further, low-level Er:YAG irradiation induced the phosphorylation of extracellular
signal-regulated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK) 5 to 30 min after irradiation. Although MAPK/ERK 1/2 inhibitor U0126 significantly
inhibited laser-enhanced cell proliferation, activation of stress-activated protein kinases/Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK)
and p38 MAPK was not clearly detected. These results suggest that low-level Er:YAG laser irradiation increases osteoblast
proliferation mainly by activation of MAPK/ERK, suggesting that the Er:YAG laser may be able to promote bone healing following
periodontal and peri-implant therapy. 相似文献
94.
Kinugasa Eriko Igawa Ken Shimada Hisaki Kondo Morihiro Funakoshi Satoshi Imada Naoki Itami Noritomo Fukazawa Naoki Takubo Ryoko Kawata Yuichi Murota Hiroyuki 《Clinical and experimental nephrology》2021,25(8):875-884
Clinical and Experimental Nephrology - The pathophysiology of uremic pruritus (UP), which is characterized by systemic and intractable itching, remains unclear. As interleukin (IL)-31 may be... 相似文献
95.
Biliary complications in right lateral sector graft live donor liver transplantation. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yusuke Kyoden Sumihito Tamura Yasuhiko Sugawara Nobuhisa Akamatsu Yuichi Matsui Junichi Togashi Junichi Kaneko Masatoshi Makuuchi 《Transplant international》2008,21(4):332-339
Biliary complications remain the most challenging issue in adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and to the best of our knowledge, no study has focused on the biliary complications in LDLT with right lateral sector graft (RLSG), a graft consisting of segments VI and VII according to Couinaud's nomenclature for liver segmentation. Between January 1996 and October 2006, 310 LDLTs were performed for adult recipients at our institution. Among them, 20 patients received RLSG. The incidence of biliary complications during follow-up in these patients with RLSG was retrospectively analyzed. Follow-up period after transplantation ranged from 1 to 87 months (median 58 months). The 3-year and 5-year graft survival rates following the use of RLSGs in LDLT were 90% and 90%, respectively. Biliary complications were encountered in altogether nine patients. Two patients (10%) were complicated with bile leakage requiring surgical intervention. Seven patients (35%) were complicated with bile duct stenosis, which occurred with a median interval of 26 months (range: 6-51 months) after LDLT. Four were treated surgically and the other three were treated by endoscopic approach. Outcomes of the interventions were satisfactory in all cases. The incidence and severity of biliary complications after LDLT using RLSG was within an acceptable range with excellent graft survival. Accordingly, it is concluded that RLSG is a technically feasible option that may effectively expand the donor pool. Further application of RLSG is warranted. 相似文献
96.
Ueshima H Asai T Shingu K Inoue H Hashimoto Y Enomoto Y Okuda Y 《Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology》2008,57(1):82-84
Pentax-AWS laryngoscope (Pentax, Tokyo, Japan) consists of a disposable anatomically shaped blade, a 12-cm cable with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and a 2.4-inch liquid crystal device (LCD) color monitor display. A tracheal tube can be attached to the right side of the blade. The device may be useful in patients with difficult airways. One limitation of the device is that intubation may be difficult if it is difficult to position the glottis to the target symbol on the monitor display. We experienced such a difficulty in four patients, and the use of a gum elastic bougie enabled intubation. In a 57-year-old woman with a difficult airway, tracheal intubation using either a Macintosh laryngoscope or a fiberscope had failed. By inserting the AWS laryngoscope, the glottis was easily seen on the monitor display. Nevertheless, it was difficult to position the glottis to the target symbol, and advancing a tracheal tube collided with the tissue around the glottis. A bougie was passed through the tracheal tube, and it became possible to insert the bougie into the trachea by adjusting the angle of its tip. The tracheal tube was then easily passed over the bougie into the trachea. We successfully used the same technique in other three patients. We believe that the gum elastic bougie can be useful for tracheal intubation using the Pentax-AWS laryngoscope. 相似文献
97.
BACKGROUND: We studied the prevalence of postoperative complications and the predictor for the occurrence of postoperative delirium in patients who had received surgery for femoral neck fracture. METHODS: A retrospective study, covering the period between January 1, 2005 and March 31, 2006, was carried out 50 in patients of advanced age treated for femoral neck fracture. We investigated main symptoms of postoperative complications. We also compared postoperative delirium group (D group) with no delirium group (ND group). RESULTS: The following results were obtained. Main postoperative complications were delirium, hypotension and hypoxia. And only one death case was included. In postoperative delirium, there was not a wide difference between the two groups except for hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that it might be possible to prevent postoperative complications by careful perioperative management. Hearing loss preoperatively was a risk factor of postoperative delirium in advanced elderly patients. 相似文献
98.
Furuno Y Nishimura S Kamiyama H Numagami Y Saito A Kaimori M Nishijima M 《Neurologia medico-chirurgica》2008,48(2):72-76
A 15-year-old man presented with headache. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a large extraaxial tumor with cyst at the right frontotemporal region. The solid part of the tumor was homogeneously enhanced on T(1)-weighted MR imaging after injection of gadolinium. Digital subtraction angiography of the external carotid artery revealed sunburst appearance corresponding to the tumor, which was fed by the right middle meningeal artery. His headache worsened and computed tomography revealed enlargement of the tumor and intracystic hemorrhage, so emergent operation was performed. At surgery, the tumor strongly adhered to the dural membrane, and was obviously extraaxial. The tumor and cyst were gross totally removed. The attachment site at the dura mater was resected. Histological examination showed solid growth of small round cells with uniform round nuclei and minimal cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical staining showed the cells were positive for MIC-2 (CD99). The MIB-1 labeling index was 53%. The histological diagnosis was peripheral-type primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET). Following surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy were given. Ewing's sarcoma and pPNET form a family of small round cell tumors arising in the bone or soft tissue. MIC-2 is a useful marker in the differential diagnosis. Good prognosis may be attained if complete surgical excision of intracranial pPNET is achieved. 相似文献
99.
Purpose. We investigated the effects of increased oxygen tension on the in vitro growth of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), and Escherichia coli (E. coli).
Methods. The effects of oxygen tension [normobaric normoxia (21% O2 at 1 atm), normobaric hyperoxia (100% O2 at 1 atm), hyperbaric normoxia (21% O2 at 2 atm), and hyperbaric hyperoxia (100% O2 at 2 atm) on the in vitro growth of MRSA, MSSA, and E. coli were investigated by population analysis.
Results. Compared with normobaric normoxia, a 90-min exposure to hyperbaric hyperoxia significantly inhibited growth of both MRSA
(by 25.0 ± 3.0%, mean ± SEM; P < 0.01) and MSSA (by 24.0 ± 3.3%; P < 0.01). Normobaric hyperoxia and hyperbaric normoxia were without effect. In contrast, the growth of E. coli was not affected by any of the above treatments.
Conclusion. Our results indicate that the bacterium S. aureus, including resistant strains, is susceptible to oxygen stress. The observation that relatively brief (90-min) treatment with
hyperbaric hyperoxia is sufficient to produce significant growth inhibition suggests that hyperbaric hyperoxia may be useful
in the treatment of serious staphylococcal infections.
Received: March 6, 2000 / Accepted: August 7, 2000 相似文献
100.
Optimum Treatment Strategy for Superficial Esophageal Cancer: Endoscopic Mucosal Resection versus Radical Esophagectomy 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Fujita H Sueyoshi S Yamana H Shinozaki K Toh U Tanaka Y Mine T Kubota M Shirouzu K Toyonaga A Harada H Ban S Watanabe M Toda Y Tabuchi E Hayabuchi N Inutsuka H 《World journal of surgery》2001,25(4):424-431
This study was designed to determine the optimum treatment for a superficial esophageal cancer involving the mucosal or submucosal
layer of the esophagus. The subjects were 150 patients with a superficial esophageal cancer who underwent endoscopic mucosal
resection (EMR) or esophagectomy in Kurume University Hospital from 1981 to 1997. The mortality and morbidity rates, survival
rate, and recurrence rate were retrospectively compared for (1) 35 patients who underwent EMR and 37 patients who underwent
esophagectomy for a mucosal esophageal cancer and (2) 45 patients who underwent extended radical esophagectomy and 33 patients
who underwent less radical esophagectomy for a submucosal esophageal cancer. Among the 72 patients with a mucosal cancer,
lymph node metastasis/recurrence was observed in only one (1%); whereas of 78 patients with a submucosal cancer it was observed
in 30 (38%). Among patients with a mucosal cancer the mortality and morbidity rates after EMR were lower than for those after
esophagectomy. The survival rate after EMR was the same as that after esophagectomy. No recurrence was observed after either
treatment modality. Among the patients with a submucosal cancer, the survival rate was higher and the recurrence rate lower
after extended radical esophagectomy; than after less radical esophagectomy; the mortality and morbidity rates after extended
radical esophagectomy were the same as those after less radical esophagectomy. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the
treatment modality (EMR versus esophagectomy) did not influence the survival of patients with a mucosal esophageal cancer,
whereas it strongly influenced the survival of patients with a submucosal esophageal cancer. We concluded that EMR was the
mainstay of treatment for a mucosal esophageal cancer, and extended radical esophagectomy was the mainstay of treatment for
a submucosal esophageal cancer. 相似文献