A new method of primary engineering of esophagus using orthotopic in-body tissue architecture

PurposeTissue engineering of esophagus is required for management of long-gap esophageal atresia (LGEA). Collagenous connective tissue membranes fabricated by in-body tissue architecture (iBTA), called biosheets, can repair esophageal defects and generate tissues similar to native esophagus. However, iBTA requires second-stage surgery because of heterotopic preparation of biosheets. Our aim was to develop orthotopic iBTA for primary engineering of the esophagus by interposing a tubular mold to the esophageal defect.MethodThe cervical esophagus of six rats was transected. An acrylic tube (internal diameter 2.6 mm, length 7.0 mm) was inserted and fixed between the ends of the upper and lower esophagus, and a 3 mm-long esophageal defect was created. Four weeks later, the rats were sacrificed for histological analysis.ResultsPostoperatively the rats could intake liquid food. After four weeks, the esophageal defects were filled with regenerated tissues. Histologically the new esophageal walls stained positive for collagen type I. The inner surfaces were covered with stratified squamous epithelium that expressed pan-cytokeratin. In only one of six rats, regeneration of muscular-like tissue was suggested by positive immunohistochemical staining for desmin.ConclusionOrthotopic iBTA can regenerate a substitute esophagus with esophageal epithelium and collagenous wall. This technique may be a novel treatment for esophageal atresia with gaps of various lengths including LGEA.     

Updates on bacterial resistance and empirical antibiotics treatment of complicated acute appendicitis in children

Objective: Through historical comparison with our previous study published 10 years ago, this paper aims to provide latest analysis of local bacteriology of acute complicated appendicitis and evaluate the effects of early escalation of potent antibiotics on course of postoperative recovery.Methods: A 5-year retrospective review of all children receiving emergency laparoscopic appendicectomies for acute appendicitis from December 2014 to November 2019 was conducted.Results: 257 cases of acute appendicitis were included, 126 were complicated appendicitis (38 gangrenous, 88 ruptured). 96 had positive peritoneal swab culture, 53 (42.1%) grew resistant bacterial strains, including extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli (ESBL E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, against traditional empirical triple antibiotics. The prevalence had significantly increased over the past decade (p = 0.008). In our patients, piperacillin/tazobactam, ertapenem, gentamicin provided coverage of 69.8%, 45.3% and 45.3% respectively. For patients with early escalation of postoperative antibiotics, no statistical significance was identified in terms of postoperative complications (p = 0.883), or duration of antibiotics (p = 0.0615).Conclusion: Growing prevalence of resistant strains were observed over the decade. Piperacillin/tazobactam provided the best coverage (69.8%) against resistant bacterial strains in our patients. Early escalation of antibiotics failed to reduce postoperative complications and antibiotics duration.Type of Study: Clinical Research, Retrospective Historical Comparative StudyLevel of Evidence: Level III     

Trends and Outcomes in Simultaneous Liver and Kidney Transplantation in Australia and New Zealand

AimRates of simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation (SLKT) have increased, but indications for SLKT remain poorly defined. Additional data are needed to determine which patients benefit from SLKT to best direct use of scarce donor kidneys.MethodsData were extracted from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA) database for all SLKT performed until the end of 2017. Patients were divided by pretransplant dialysis status into no dialysis before SLKT (preemptive kidney transplant) and any dialysis before SLKT (nonpreemptive). Baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared.ResultsBetween 1989 and 2017, inclusive, 84 SLKT procedures were performed in Australia, of which 24% were preemptive. Preemptive and nonpreemptive SLKT recipients did not significantly differ in age (P = .267), sex (P = .526), or ethnicity (P = .870). Over a median follow-up time of 4.5 years, preemptively transplanted patients had a statistically equivalent risk of kidney graft failure (hazard ratio (HR) 1.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36-12.86, P = .474) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.69, 95% CI: 0.51-5.6, P = .226) compared to nonpreemptive patients. Overall, 1- and 5-year survival rates for all SLKTs were 92% (95% CI: 86-96) and 60% (95% CI: 45-75), respectively.ConclusionKidney graft and overall patient survival were similar between patients with preemptive kidney transplant and those who were dialysis dependent.     

Higher Undercarboxylated to Total Osteocalcin Ratio Is Associated With Reduced Physical Function and Increased 15-Year Falls-Related Hospitalizations: The Perth Longitudinal Study of Aging Women

Evidence from animal models suggests that undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) is involved in muscle mass maintenance and strength. In humans, the ucOC to total (t)OC ratio may be related to muscle strength and perhaps physical function and falls risk, but data are limited. We tested the hypothesis that ucOC and ucOC/tOC ratio are associated with muscle function (muscle strength and physical function) in older women and 15-year falls-related hospitalizations. Serum tOC and ucOC were assessed in 1261 older women (mean age 75.2 ± 2.7 years) forming the Perth Longitudinal Study of Aging Women (1998 to 2013). Timed-up-and-go (TUG) and grip strength were assessed at baseline and at 5 years. Falls-related hospitalizations (14.5-year follow-up) were captured by the Hospital Morbidity Data Collection, via the Western Australian Data Linkage System. At baseline, women with higher ucOC/tOC ratio (quartile 4) had slower TUG performance compared with quartile 1 (~0.68 seconds, p < .01). Grip strength and 5-year change of TUG and grip were not different (p > .05) between quartiles. Fear of falling limiting house, outdoor, and combined activities was significantly different across quartiles (p < .05). Higher ucOC/tOC was significantly associated with poorer TUG performance at baseline and 5-year change in performance, increased walking aid use, and fear of falling (all p < .05). Higher ucOC was related to lower grip strength at baseline (p < .05) but not 5-year change in strength. Those with the highest ucOC/tOC had greater falls-related hospitalizations (unadjusted log rank, p = .004) remaining significant after adjusting for key variables (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.57, p = .004). We identified a large proportion of older women with high ucOC/tOC ratio who had reduced physical function, including its long-term decline and increased risk of falls-related hospitalizations. Early identification of women at higher risk can enable prevention and intervention strategies to occur, reducing risk for injurious falls. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR)..     

Inside-out和Outside-in髋关节镜技术治疗股骨髋臼撞击征的疗效对比研究

目的：对比分析两种髋关节镜技术治疗股骨髋臼撞击征（femoroacetabular impingement,FAI）的临床疗效和并发症。方法：回顾性分析2016年6月至2019年6月采用髋关节镜手术治疗并获得随访的48例FAI患者。根据手术方式的不同分为两组,Inside-out组,由中央到外周;Outside-in组,由外周到中央。Inside-out组24例,男14例,女10例,年龄（39.8±7.6）岁;Outside-in组24例,男13例,女11例,年龄（39.5±9.1）岁。两组患者年龄、性别、体质量指数、侧别、撞击类型、病程、随访时间比较差异无统计学意义。对两组术后髋关节改良Harris （modified Harris hip score,mHHS）,非骨关节炎髋关节（nonarthritic hip score,NAHS）评分和术后并发症发生率进行比较。结果：两组患者术后髋关节功能评分mHHS和NAHS评分均较术前提高,但组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。Inside-out组术后4例出现神经牵拉伤,3例医源性损伤;而Outside-in组仅1例神经牵拉伤。Inside-out组并发症发生率高于Outside-in组（16.7% vs 4.2%,χ²=5.400,P=0.020）。结论：Inside-out和Outside-in两种髋关节镜技术治疗FAI均可取得良好的临床效果,但相对于Inside-out技术,Outside-in技术术后并发症发生率低,针对符合适应证的患者可以优先选择。     

The New Normal? Patient Satisfaction and Usability of Telemedicine in Breast Cancer Care

Annals of Surgical Oncology - Telemedicine was adopted to minimize exposure risks for patients and staff during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This study measured patient satisfaction and...     

Emergency surgery comparison of right versus left acute colonic diverticulitis: A 10-year outcome analysis

IntroductionThe difference in outcome between right (RCD) and left colonic diverticulitis (LCD) is not well established. The aim of this study was to analyse the presentation and surgical outcome of RCD versus left-sided disease following emergency surgery.MethodWe conducted a retrospective review of patients presenting with acute diverticulitis over a 10-year period from 2004 to 2014 to a tertiary unit. Patient demographics, Hinchey classification, need for emergency surgery, perioperative outcome and recurrence were evaluated.ResultsIn total 360 patients presented with acute diverticulitis, 218 (61%) were right-sided and 142 (39%) were left-sided. The mean age (57 yrs vs 68 yrs) and median length of stay (4 days vs 5 days) were significantly less in RCD (p < 0.001). The need for emergency surgery was similar between RCD and LCD (30.7% vs 23.2%, p = 0.12). Sixty-seven (31%) patients with RCD required emergency surgery, 42 (62.7%) of these were based on a presumptive diagnosis of appendicitis and underwent laparoscopic appendicectomy only. Operative morbidity (10.4% vs 51.5%, p < 0.001) and mortality were significantly higher in LCD (1.5% v 15.2%, p = 0.007). Subgroup analysis of non-appendicectomy, RCD patients, showed LCD were more likely to require surgery (11.5% vs 23.2%, p = 0.003). There was no difference in recurrence (p = 0.6).ConclusionRight colonic diverticulitis patients are younger and disease course is more benign compared to LCD. Presentation can be confused with appendicitis without proper imaging. In the rare cases where emergency surgery is required, RCD is associated with a lower operative morbidity and mortality compared to left-sided disease.     

大五人格因素与企业职工工作倦怠的关系

目的:探讨大五人格因素与企业职工工作倦怠的关系。方法:采用工作倦怠问卷(MBI-GS)与大五人格问卷调查了506名某企业职工。结果:分层回归分析的结果显示,在控制了人口统计学变量之后,大五人格因素所解释的工作倦怠的方差变异量,在情绪衰竭、玩世不恭和职业效能三个维度分别为28%、24%和17%。具体而言,宜人性是情绪衰竭、玩世不恭和职业效能的有效预测因子;责任感是玩世不恭和职业效能的有效预测因子;情绪稳定性是情绪衰竭和玩世不恭的有效预测因子;而外向性和开放性两个维度对工作倦怠的预测作用均未达到显著水平。结论:大五人格因素能够有效预测企业职工的工作倦怠。     

组织干预对西藏高原护士工作倦怠的影响

目的：分析组织公平对护士工作倦怠的影响，并在此基础上制定和实施组织干预措施，为预防和矫治西藏高原地区护士工作倦怠提供理论依据和实践指导。方法：对某军区下属的三所总医院的临床女性护士（均为非管理人员）309例采用马氏倦怠感通用量表和组织公平量表进行调查．以获得工作倦怠与组织公平的相互关系。对西藏军区总医院的临床女性护士（均为非管理人员）108例（含干预组54例、对照组54例）在实施组织干预措施半年后采用马氏倦怠感通用量表和组织公平量表进行调查，以检测组织干预措施对提高组织公平感和改善工作倦怠感的实效性。结果：分配公平会影响护士的情绪衰竭和玩世不恭，程序公平会影响成就感降低。组织干预措施可以提高护十的组织公平感和降低工作倦怠感．结论：通过实施组织干预措施可以预防和降低护士的工作倦怠感。