Development and Psychometric Testing of the Suicidal Recovery Ability Scale (SRAS) for Assessing Individuals Who Have Attempted Suicide

Assessing the recovery ability of individuals who have attempted suicide is crucial for psychiatric health nurses. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a psychometric Suicidal Recovery Ability Scale (SRAS). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that three subscales with 15 items best fit the data. The global SRAS score showed significant negative correlation with the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) score. The Cronbach’s α and test-retest reliability scores for the global SRAS and the subscales all exceeded 0.70. Nurses can use the SRAS to assess the recovery ability of individuals who have attempted suicide and provide proper care to help them.     

Ultrasound can Modulate Neuronal Development: Impact on Neurite Growth and Cell Body Morphology

Neuronal development is known to be a dynamic process that can be modulated by presenting guidance cues to neuronal cells. We show that ultrasound, when applied at pulsed settings and with intensities slightly greater than clinical diagnosis levels, can potentially act as a repulsive cue for modulating neuronal growth dynamics. Using differentiated Neuro-2a cells as the model, we have examined in vitro how neuronal development can change during and after exposure to 1-MHz ultrasound for different acoustic settings. Neurite retraction and cell body shrinkage were found in neuronal cells over a 10-min exposure period with 1.168 W/cm² spatial-peak, time-averaged intensity (based on 0.84 MPa peak acoustic pressure, 100-cycle pulse duration, and 500-Hz pulse repetition frequency). These effects were found to result in instances of neuronal cell body displacement. The extent of the effects was dependent on acoustic intensity, with peak acoustic pressure being a more important contributing factor compared with pulse duration. The morphological changes were found to be non-destructive, in that post-exposure neurite outgrowth and neuritogenesis were respectively observed in neurite-bearing and neurite-less neuronal cells. Our results also showed that mechanotransduction might be involved in mediating ultrasound-neuron interactions, as the morphological changes were suppressed if stretch-activated ion channels were blocked or if calcium messenger ions were chelated. Overall, these findings suggest that ultrasound can potentially influence how neuronal cells develop through modifying their cytomechanical characteristics.     

外科手术制备先天性心脏病动物模型的研究进展

小儿先天性心脏病研究领域中动物模型的制备非常困难，目前尚无公认的方法，本文从外科手术制作方法的角度，综述了近年的研究进展，探讨了多种术式在临床应用的前景，为深入开展先天性心脏病发病机制，病理生理变化及治疗的分子，基因水平研究提供基础。     

Transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells for patients with lower limb ischemia

Background Many treatment options for lower limb ischemia are difficult to apply for the patients with poor arterial outflow or with poor general conditions. The effect of medical treatment alone is far from ideal, especially in patients with diabetic foot. A high level amputation is inevitable in these patients. This study aimed to explore the effect of transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells on the treatment of lower limb ischemia and to compare the effect of intra-arterial transplantation with that of intra-muscular transplantation.
Methods In this clinical trial, 32 patients with lower limb ischemia were divided into two groups. Group 1 （16 patients with 18 affected limbs） received transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells by intra-muscular injection into the affected limbs; and group 2 （16 patients with 17 affected limbs） received transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells by intra-arterial injection into the affected limbs. Rest pain, coldness, ankle/brachial index （ABI）, claudication, transcutaneous oxygen pressure （tcPO2） and angiography （15 limbs of 14 patients） were evaluated before and after the mononuclear cell transplantation to determine the effect of the treatment.
Results Two patients died from heart failure. The improvement of rest pain was seen in 76.5% （13/17） of group 1 and 93.3% （14/15） of group 2. The improvement of coldness was 100% in both groups. The increase of ABI was 44.4% （8/18） in group 1 and 41.2% （7/17） in group 2. The value of tcPO2 increased to 20 mmHg or more in 20 limbs. Nine of 15 limbs which underwent angiography showed rich collaterals. Limb salvage rate was 83.3% （15/18） in group 1 and 94.1% （16/17） in group 2. There was no statistically significant difference in the effectiveness of the treatment between the two groups.
Conclusions Transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells is a simple, safe and effective method for the treatment of lower limb ischemia,