中国消除新生儿破伤风现场认证调查

目的 现场调查认证中国是否消除新生儿破伤风（NT）。方法 采用批质量保证-群抽样（LQA-CS）方法,现场人户调查中国NT发病风险最高的广东省江门市和广西壮族自治区河池市各随机抽取的96个调查点、每个点调查12名符合条件（调查前一年内出生）活产儿的NT发病情况。结果 江门市共调查23465户家庭、1153名合格活产儿,河池市共调查21623户家庭、1152名合格活产儿。现场认证调查所设立的各项质控指标均符合要求。调查中两市均未发现因NT引起的死亡或者住院病例,已达到消除NT的标准,结合现场调查各项可靠质控指标,也证实调查点已消除NT。结论 在中国2个NT发生最高危的地区已调查证实消除了NT,据此可以推断其他地区也应消除了NT。按照WHO认证程序,中国已实现消除NT,建议此后工作重点应转为维持消除NT状态。     

头颈部恶性肿瘤患者全麻术后早期体位的研究

目的探讨头颈部恶性肿瘤全麻术后患者早期适宜的体位。方法将头颈部恶性肿瘤全麻术后患者139例采用随机数字表法分成A组、B组、C组,术后早期A组46例取去枕平卧位,B组46例取半卧位,C组47例循序渐进抬高床头至半卧位。观察三组患者的生命体征、血气分析结果、疼痛(头部、肩颈部及腰背部疼痛)、恶心、呕吐、排尿困难、颜面部水肿及术后下床活动等情况,调查患者的舒适度。结果三组头痛、肩颈部疼痛、腰背部疼痛发生情况及疼痛程度比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05),三组呕吐、排尿困难、颜面部水肿发生率及术后下床活动时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01),三组生命体征、血气分析、恶心等方面比较,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论头颈部恶性肿瘤患者全麻术后早期,采用循序渐进的方式抬高床头至半卧位,在保证患者生命体征稳定、不增加呕吐窒息概率的情况下,既可减轻疼痛,预防并发症,还可增加患者的舒适度,促使患者早日下床活动。     

终板环在颈椎前路椎体次全切除植骨融合术中防止钛网沉陷的临床价值

目的：探讨使用终板环对颈椎前路椎体次全切除植骨融合术后钛网沉陷及临床效果的影响。方法：对2008年2月至2011年2月采用颈椎前路椎体次全切除植骨融合术治疗的71例脊髓型颈椎病患者进行回顾性分析,男38例,女33例;年龄39-74岁,平均53.8岁。根据术中是否使用终板环将71例患者分为终板环使用组（33例）及无终板环使用组（38例）。比较两组手术前后的影像学资料及临床疗效。影像学评价指标为融合节段前凸角度（Cobb角）及融合节段椎体间前缘高度（Da）、后缘高度（Dp）及平均高度（Dm）,用以评估钛网沉陷情况;临床疗效评价指标为JOA评分,观察改善率,并记录术后症状及Odom分级。结果：71例患者的随访时间为13-34个月,平均19.5个月。影像学评价：两组患者术前及术后1周融合节段Cobb角、平均椎体间高度差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。术后1年,融合节段Cobb角终板环使用组为（9.4±3.8）°,无终板环使用组为（7.5±3.9）°,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;Dm终板环使用组为（57.3±2.2）mm,无终板环使用组为（55.2±2.6）mm,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;沉陷的发生率终板环组为57.6%,无终板环使用组为78.9%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。临床疗效评价：两组患者术前术后在JOA评分及改善率上差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。术后1年,90.9%的终板环使用组患者及89.5%的无终板环使用组患者Odom评分获得很好或较好结果。结论：终板环的使用可在一定程度上降低钛网沉陷的发生率及其程度。     

Synthesis,In Vitro Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibition,and Herbicidal Activity of N‐(Benzothiazol‐5‐yl)hexahydro‐1H‐isoindole‐1,3‐diones and N‐(Benzothiazol‐5‐yl)hexahydro‐1H‐isoindol‐1‐ones

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase ( EC 1.3.3.4 ) is one of the most significant targets for a large family of herbicides. As part of our continuous efforts to search for novel protoporphyrinogen oxidase‐inhibiting herbicides, N‐(benzothiazol‐5‐yl)tetrahydroisoindole‐1,3‐dione was selected as a lead compound for structural optimization, leading to the syntheses of a series of novel N‐(benzothiazol‐5‐yl)hexahydro‐1H‐isoindole‐1,3‐diones ( 1a – o ) and N‐(benzothiazol‐5‐yl)hexahydro‐1H‐isoindol‐1‐ones ( 2a – i ). These newly prepared compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, ¹H NMR, and ESI‐MS, and the structures of 1h and 2h were further confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analyses. The bioassays indicated that some compounds displayed comparable or higher protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibition activities in comparison with the commercial control. Very promising, compound 2a , ethyl 2‐((6‐fluoro‐5‐(4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1‐oxo‐1H‐isoindol‐2(3H)‐yl)benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)‐sulfanyl)acetate, was recognized as the most potent candidate with K_i value of 0.0091 μm . Further greenhouse screening results demonstrated that some compounds exhibited good herbicidal activity against Chenopodium album at the dosage of 150 g/ha.     

Identification of a C-type lectin with antiviral and antibacterial activity from pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

C-type lectins (CTLs) play crucial roles in innate immune responses in invertebrates by recognizing and eliminating microinvaders. In this study, a CTL from pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (LvCTL3) was identified. LvCTL3 contains a single C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD), which shows similarities to those of other shrimp CTLs and has a mutated ‘EPD’ motif in Ca²⁺-binding site 2. LvCTL3 mRNA can be detected in all tested tissues and expression of LvCTL3 in gills was up-regulated after Lipopolysaccharides, poly (I:C), Vibrio parahaemolyticus and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenges, suggesting activation responses of LvCTL3 to bacterial, virus and immune stimulant challenges. The 5′flanking regulatory region of LvCTL3 was cloned and we identified a NF-κB binding motif in the LvCTL3 promoter region. Dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that over-expression of L. vannamei dorsal can dramatically up regulate the promoter activity of LvCTL3, suggesting that LvCTL3 expression could be regulated through NF-κB signaling pathway. As far as we know, this is the first report on signaling pathway involve in shrimp CTLs expression. The recombinant LvCTL3 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by Ni-affinity chromatography. The purified LvCTL3 can agglutinate Gram-negative microbe Vibrio alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus and Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis in the presence of calcium ions, but cannot agglutinate Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus agalactiae. The agglutination activity of LvCTL3 was abolished when Ca²⁺ was chelated with EDTA, suggesting the function of LvCTL3 is Ca²⁺-dependent. In vivo challenge experiments showed that the recombinant LvCTL3 protein can significantly reduce the mortalities of V. parahemolyticus and WSSV infection, indicating LvCTL3 might play significant roles in shrimp innate immunity defense against bacterial and viral infection.     

Evaluation and clinical significance of the stomach age model for evaluating aging of the stomach-a multicenter study in China

Background

A higher prevalence of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) occurs in younger adults in Asia. We used Stomach Age to examine the different mechanisms of CAG between younger adults and elderly individuals, and established a simple model of cancer risk that can be applied to CAG surveillance.

Methods

Stomach Age was determined by FISH examination of telomere length in stomach biopsies. Δψm was also determined by flow cytometry. Sixty volunteers were used to confirm the linear relationship between telomere length and age while 120 subjects were used to build a mathematical model by a multivariate analysis. Overall, 146 subjects were used to evaluate the validity of the model, and 1,007 subjects were used to evaluate the relationship between prognosis and Δage (calculated from the mathematical model). ROC curves were used to evaluate the relationship between prognosis and Δage and to determine the cut-off point for Δage.

Results

We established that a tight linear relationship between the telomere length and the age. The telomere length was obvious different between patients with and without CAG even in the same age. Δψm decreased in individuals whose Stomach Age was greater than real age, especially in younger adults. A mathematical model of Stomach Age (real age?+?Δage) was successfully constructed which was easy to apply in clinical work. A higher Δage was correlated with a worse outcome. The criterion of Δage >3.11 should be considered as the cut-off to select the subgroup of patients who require endoscopic surveillance.

Conclusion

Variation in Stomach Age between individuals of the same biological age was confirmed. Attention should be paid to those with a greater Stomach Age, especially in younger adults. The Δage in the Simple Model can be used as a criterion to select CAG patients for gastric cancer surveillance.

     

Wnt2B及PAI-1在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 通过检测Wnt2B与PAI-1在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达,分析两者与上皮性卵巢癌侵袭转移及临床病理之间的关系,以探讨两种基因在上皮性卵巢癌的表达及临床意义.方法 应用免疫组化(SP法)检测2008年1月到2013年6月在本院行手术切除的上皮性卵巢癌82例和良性卵巢上皮瘤10例患者组织中Wnt2B和PAI-1蛋白的表达情况,分析上皮性卵巢癌的年龄、组织学类型、细胞学分级、手术病理分期、肿瘤病灶大小、盆腔转移灶大小、大网膜转移、淋巴结转移、远处转移、残留病灶大小等临床病理因素与两个基因的表达关系;分析上皮性卵巢癌患者癌组织中Wnt2B与PAI-1的表达关系.结果 上皮性卵巢癌患者癌组织中Wnt2B的阳性表达率为12.2％(10/82),低于良性卵巢上皮瘤患者瘤组织的70％ (7/10)(P＜0.05);上皮性卵巢癌患者癌组织中PAI-1的阳性表达率为76.8％(63/82),高于良性卵巢上皮瘤患者瘤组织的20％ (2/10) (P＜0.05).PAI-1的表达与手术病理分期、细胞学分级、大网膜转移、盆腔转移灶大小有关(均P＜0.05),而与患者年龄、组织学类型、肿瘤病灶大小、淋巴结转移、远处转移、残留病灶大小无关(均P＞0.05);Wnt2B表达与手术病理分期、大网膜转移有关(均P＜0.05),与患者年龄、组织学类型、细胞学分级、肿瘤病灶大小、盆腔转移灶大小、淋巴结转移、远处转移、残留病灶大小无关(均P＞0.05).上皮性卵巢癌患者癌组织中Wnt2B与PAI-1的表达呈负相关(r=-0.847,P＜0.05).结论 Wnt2B在上皮性卵巢癌的发病机制中可能发挥一定的作用.PAI-1的表达与上皮性卵巢癌的发生、发展、浸润、转移有关.