Eyes-Open/Eyes-Closed Dataset Sharing for Reproducibility Evaluation of Resting State fMRI Data Analysis Methods

The multi-scan resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) dataset was recently released; thus the test-retest (TRT) reliability of rs-fMRI measures can be assessed. However, because this dataset was acquired only from a single group under a single condition, we cannot directly evaluate whether the rs-fMRI measures can generate reproducible between-condition or between-group results. Because the modulation of resting state activity has gained increasing attention, it is important to know whether one rs-fMRI metric can reliably detect the alteration of the resting activity. Here, we shared a public Eyes-Open (EO)/Eyes-Closed (EC) dataset for evaluating the split-half reproducibility of the rs-fMRI measures in detecting changes of the resting state activity between EO and EC. As examples, we assessed the split-half reproducibility of three widely applied rs-fMRI metrics: amplitude of low frequency fluctuation, regional homogeneity, and seed-based correlation analysis. Our results demonstrated that reproducible patterns of EO-EC differences can be detected by all three measures, suggesting the feasibility of the EO/EC dataset for performing reproducibility assessment for other rs-fMRI measures.     

Mediation effect of arterial stiffness on ideal cardiovascular health and stroke

Background and aimsIdeal cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics was associated with stroke, but the causal pathway was poorly investigated. Arterial stiffness was a major factor associated with both ideal CVH metrics and stroke. This study aimed to investigate whether the effect of ideal CVH metrics on stroke was mediated and enhanced by arterial stiffness.Methods and resultsA total of 15,297 participants were included in current study. Arterial stiffness was measured by brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Causal mediation analyses were used to separate the overall effects of ideal CVH metrics on stroke into indirect effects (mediated by arterial stiffness) and direct effects (mediated through pathways other than arterial stiffness). After a median follow-up of 5.88 years, 324 total stroke events (292 ischemic stroke and 31 hemorrhagic stroke) occurred. Mediation analysis showed 23.94% of the relation between ideal CVH and total stroke was mediated by baPWV (95% confidence interval [CI] of the indirect effect: 0.93–0.95). Further analysis showed the ideal CVH < median combined with baPWV ≥1400 cm/s was associated with the highest risk of total stroke (hazard ratio: 5.62; 95% CI, 3.53–8.96), compared with CVH ≥ median combined with baPWV < 1400 cm/s. Similar results were observed for ischemic stroke, but not for hemorrhagic stroke.ConclusionsArterial stiffness played a mediating role in the associations between ideal CVH metrics and risk of total and ischemic stroke. Combined ideal CVH metrics and baPWV is a reasonable and useful tool for the assessment and prevention of stroke.     

脐血移植治疗37例儿童恶性血液病的临床研究-单中心经验

目的 探讨脐血造血干细胞移植（UCBT）治疗儿童恶性血液病的疗效。方法 回顾性分析接受UCBT 的37 例恶性血液病患儿的临床资料，包括急性淋巴细胞性白血病14 例，急性髓细胞性白血病9 例，幼年粒单细胞白血病5 例，慢性粒细胞白血病和骨髓增生异常综合征各3 例，急性混合型白血病2 例，淋巴肉瘤性白血病1 例。其中34 例非血缘相关，3 例血缘相关。HLA 配型6/6 相合5 例，5/6 相合12 例，4/6 相合11 例，3/6 相合9 例。移植中位年龄5.7 岁，中位体重20 kg。结果 中性粒细胞和血小板植入中位天数分别是12 d 和25 d，植入率分别为95% 和78%。中性粒细胞植入率与CD34+ 细胞数呈正相关（P=0.011）。血小板植入率与CD34+ 细胞数和有核细胞数均有关（分别P=0.001、0.014）。急性移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）的发生率为49%，慢性GVHD 为11%。随访中位时间54 个月，5 年移植相关病死率、总生存率和无病生存率分别为27%、57%和41%。结论 脐血移植是快速获得的造血干细胞来源之一，为恶性疾病患儿争取了治疗时间。     

Omentin-1 attenuates adipose tissue inflammation via restoration of TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

Omentin-1 is an adipokine expressed by the adipose tissue and is reduced in obesity. This study was designed to calculate the protective efficiency and mechanism of omentin-1 against inflammation of the adipose tissue in obese mice. A transgenic mouse model with omentin-1 protein overexpression was established by crossing omentin-1 transgenic mice with Fabp4-Cre mice. Obesity was induced in the mice by feeding them a high-fat diet for 10 weeks. Fabp4-Cre-mediated overexpression of omentin-1 significantly increased serum omentin-1 level, serum anti-inflammatory factor levels, and expression of M2-specific mRNAs; inhibited body weight and adipose tissue weight gain; improved glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, and insulin sensitivity; decreased serum levels of insulin and proinflammatory factors, adipocyte size, and expression of M1-specific mRNAs; suppressed macrophage infiltration; downregulated expression of proinflammatory factors; upregulated expression of anti-inflammatory factors; and inhibited thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)/NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) signaling in the adipose tissue of obese mice. An NLRP3 inhibitor (20 mg/kg MCC950) exhibited the same effects as overexpression of omentin-1. Pretreatment with omentin-1 inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling in RAW 264.7 macrophages. These findings suggest that omentin-1 suppresses adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice, at least partly, via inhibiting the TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway.     

典型工作任务分析在护理专业人才培养改革中的实践研究

典型工作任务是根据一个职业中可以传授的工作关系和典型的工作任务来确定的,它在一个复杂的职业活动中具有结构完整的工作过程,这个完整的工作过程包括计划、实施以及工作结果的检查和评价等步骤[1]。典型工作任务分析方法在机械制造、生产等行业的应用较为广泛,为分析护理专业典型工作任务提供了视角,从而对护理专业人才培养改革提供基础。研究者将此种方法应用于护理专业,旨在归纳总结护理专业的典型工作任务,并为高职护理专业人才培养改革提供借鉴。     

Normal development of hindgut and anorectum in human embryo

Purpose  

The aim of the present analysis is to examine the morphological changes, the spatiotemporal distribution of apoptosis/proliferation in the human embryonic anorectum, to reveal the normal development of human anorectum, and investigate the possible roles of apoptosis/proliferation during anorectal development.