内结扎法腹腔镜巨脾切除联合选择性贲门周围血管离断术

目的总结腹腔镜下内结扎法巨脾切除联合选择性贲门周围血管离断术的经验。方法采用丝线结扎结合超声刀或LigaSure，进行腹腔镜巨脾切除和选择性贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症并发食管胃底静脉曲张6例。结果6例手术全部镜下顺利完成，术中出血量80-200ml，平均130ml，无输血，无中转开腹，手术时间150-210min平均190min。无并发症，术后5天恢复正常活动。术后随访3—10个月，平均8个月，无再发出血。结论应用内结扎法腹腔镜巨脾切除联合选择性贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症安全有效，出血少，微创。     

Comparison of 99mTc-DTPA renal dynamic imaging with modified MDRD equation for glomerular filtration rate estimation in Chinese patients in different stages of chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND: The renal dynamic imaging method (modified Gate's method) with (99m)Tc-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid ((99m)Tc-DTPA) is simple and less time consuming for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation than other methods. However, its diagnostic performance as a surrogate marker of GFR is questioned increasingly. Recently, the modified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study equation based on data from Chinese patients of chronic kidney disease (CKD) showed significant performance improvement. In the present study, the renal dynamic imaging methods and the modified abbreviated MDRD equation were compared with the plasma clearance method. METHODS: Four hundred and eighty two patients with CKD were selected. GFR were estimated simultaneously using three methods: (i) modified Gate's method (gGFR); (ii) the modified abbreviated MDRD equation (c-aGFR) and (iii) dual plasma sampling method (rGFR). Using rGFR as the reference method, gGFR and c-aGFR were compared with rGFR in each stage of CKD. RESULTS: Both gGFR and c-aGFR were correlated well with rGFR (r(gGFR) = 0.81 and r(c-aGFR) = 0.90, P < 0.001). In the overall performance, c-aGFR had less bias (849.5 vs 933.1 arbitrary units), higher precision (57 vs 78.4 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) and higher accuracy than gGFR. For gGFR, the 15, 30 and 50% accuracies were 32.4, 56.0 and 79.1%, respectively; for c-aGFR, the corresponding accuracy rose to 43.2%, 75.5% and 90.9%, respectively. In each stage of CKD, the modified abbreviated MDRD equation also outperformed the modified Gate's method in the GFR estimation. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that the performance of the renal dynamic imaging in total GFR estimation was not better than the modified abbreviated MDRD equation in our patient group, and should not be used as a surrogate marker of GFR, especially in clinical trials. We presume that the dynamic renal imaging methods for estimation of GFR can be improved by using proper reference GFR, more adequate background subtraction and soft-tissue attenuation correction, in a relatively larger sample size.     

Improved GFR estimation by combined creatinine and cystatin C measurements

Plasma creatinine may not reflect glomerular filtration rate (GFR) especially in the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Plasma cystatin C (cysC), however, has the potential to more accurately determine early GFR reduction. We sought to improve the creatinine-based GFR estimation by including cysC measurements. We derived a reference GFR from standard dual plasma sampling (99m)Tc-DTPA clearance in a training cohort of 376 randomly selected adult Chinese patients with CKD. We compared reference values to estimated GFR and applied multiple regression models to one equation based solely on cysC, and to another combining plasma creatinine (Pcr) and cysC measurements of the training cohort. The results were validated by testing an additional 191 patients. The difference, precision, and accuracy of the two estimates were compared with the modified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation for Chinese patients, and another estimate combining cysC and modified MDRD calculations. The estimated GFR combining Pcr and cysC measurements more accurately matched the reference GFR at all stages of CKD than the other equations, particularly in patients with near-normal kidney function.     

头颈部恶性肿瘤患者全麻术后早期体位的研究

目的探讨头颈部恶性肿瘤全麻术后患者早期适宜的体位。方法将头颈部恶性肿瘤全麻术后患者139例采用随机数字表法分成A组、B组、C组,术后早期A组46例取去枕平卧位,B组46例取半卧位,C组47例循序渐进抬高床头至半卧位。观察三组患者的生命体征、血气分析结果、疼痛(头部、肩颈部及腰背部疼痛)、恶心、呕吐、排尿困难、颜面部水肿及术后下床活动等情况,调查患者的舒适度。结果三组头痛、肩颈部疼痛、腰背部疼痛发生情况及疼痛程度比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05),三组呕吐、排尿困难、颜面部水肿发生率及术后下床活动时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01),三组生命体征、血气分析、恶心等方面比较,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论头颈部恶性肿瘤患者全麻术后早期,采用循序渐进的方式抬高床头至半卧位,在保证患者生命体征稳定、不增加呕吐窒息概率的情况下,既可减轻疼痛,预防并发症,还可增加患者的舒适度,促使患者早日下床活动。     

The ratio of femoral head diameter to pelvic height in the normal hips of a Chinese population

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine whether the ratio between the femoral head diameter and pelvic height in a Chinese population is the same as that found in Westerners.

Materials and methods

Standard pelvic radiography was performed on a group of 187 Chinese adult subjects consisting of 81 males and 106 females with a mean age of 40 years (21–68 years). Femoral head diameter (vertical distance from the femoral head–neck junction to the highest point of the femoral head) and pelvic height (vertical distance from the highest point of the iliac crest to the edge of the ischial tuberosities) were measured.

Results

There were significant differences between males and females (p < 0.001), and between persons of high height versus low height (p = 0.011) and medium height (p = 0.039). There were no significant differences between persons of different age (p = 0.244), body mass index (p = 0.091), or between persons of low- and medium-height groups (p = 0.69). The overall mean ratio between the femoral head diameter and pelvic height was 0.215 (0.173–0.249) with a 95 % CI = 0.214–0.217. The mean ratios in males and females were 0.221 (0.194–0.249) and 0.211 (0.173–0.238), respectively.

Conclusion

The mean ratio in Chinese population was similar to the reported ratio in a western population (about 1:5). We suggest that Chinese surgeons may be able to use the Crowe classification to classify patients with hip dysplasia.     

中药黄芪对骨代谢的影响及相关基础研究进展

黄芪(Astragali Radix)为豆科黄芪属植物蒙古黄芪或膜荚黄芪的干燥根。始载于东汉末年的《神农本草经》,具有2000多年的药用史,在《本草纲目》中被列为上品,认为黄芪具有补气升阳、利水消肿、固表止汗、托疮生肌等功效。黄芪化学成分包括:葡聚糖、杂多糖等多糖成分;黄芪苷I、II、III和大豆皂苷等多种皂苷;天冬氨酸、丝氨酸等多种氨基酸;多种微量元素及叶酸、亚油酸、甾醇类等。目前对黄芪的化学成分研究多集中在黄芪多糖、黄芪皂苷或其有效单体成分。现代药理学研究表明,黄芪具抗肿瘤、免疫调节、心血管保护、保肝、改善神经系统功能、抗骨质疏松等生物活性,其中,黄芪对骨细胞代谢具有一定的调节作用。通过对近年来黄芪对骨代谢的影响及相关基础研究的文献汇总,发现黄芪甲苷等黄芪提取物及黄芪制剂大多通过对成骨细胞的促进及破骨细胞的抑制进行骨代谢的调节,亦有通过促进类骨素的分泌、激素水平的调节进行调控,本文综述了黄芪甲苷等黄芪提取物及黄芪制剂对骨代谢的基础、动物模型及临床3个方面近十年的研究内容进行综述,为研究中药黄芪对骨细胞代谢影响提供些许帮助并为防治骨质疏松症提供思路与参考。     

肝外胆管癌术后辅助放化疗治疗进展

肝外胆管癌（ECC）是一种恶性程度较高的肿瘤,即使在病变早期进行根治性切除手术,患者术后仍有较高的复发率,总体生存率低。近几年来,ECC术后辅助治疗的研究逐渐开展,以吉西他滨、氟尿嘧啶等为基础的辅助化疗或联合放、化疗可使ECC患者术后获益,延长患者的总生存期。然而现有的辅助治疗方案各异,缺少ECC术后辅助治疗的标准方案。本文结合最新发表的研究结果,讨论ECC术后辅助治疗的现状和主要措施。     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治腹部无切口经肛切除套入式吻合102例经验

目的探讨腹部无切口经肛门切除标本的腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治套入式吻合术的安全性和可行性及临床疗效。 方法从2010年3月至2017年12月对102例低位直肠癌行腹腔镜下根治经肛门切除行套入式吻合保肛术,男43例,女59例。年龄36～81岁(平均59.6岁)。肿瘤距肛缘5～7 cm 85例,4 cm 17例,术前评估T₁N₀M₀ 79例,T₂N₀M₀ 23例。采用中间入路用超声刀沿乙状结肠系膜根部游离并裸化肠系膜下动静脉根部后,施夹并切断。按TME原则,游离直肠至肛管直肠环达肿瘤远端3～5 cm。会阴部手术距齿状线上2 cm处环型切开,沿黏膜下锐性向上剥离至提肛肌平面切断直肠,将直肠及远端乙状结肠一并从肛门移出体外切除,行套入式近端结肠全层与直肠黏膜及肠黏膜下吻合。 结果本组102例,手术平均时间为179 min,平均检出淋巴结13枚,术后发生吻合口漏3例(2.9%)行临时结肠造口,3个月后还纳愈合。吻合口狭窄2例(1.9%),经扩张后狭窄解除。术后病理为T₁～T₂N₀M₀ 49例,T₂N₁M₀ 53例。术后12个月肛门功能,Kirwan分级1级占94.1%,肛门功能基本恢复到正常。术后随访6～84月,平均45个月,局部肿瘤复发4例(3.9%),生存满3年以上67例。 结论腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治腹部无切口经肛门切除套入式吻合保肛术,是安全可行,真正达到腹部无手术切口、无瘢痕、美容美观、完全微创的最佳效果,其远期疗效待进一步随访观察。     

2013年-2017年某三甲医院住院病例死因分析

目的分析冀鲁豫交界某三甲医院5年住院患者死因构成特点,为提升医疗技术与质量管理、合理配置医疗资源提供参考。方法收集某三甲医院2013年1月1日-2017年12月31日1329例住院死亡病例相关基本信息,按照ICD-10分类标准,采用统计描述、趋势分析、χ^2检验等统计方法进行回顾性分析。结果2013年-2017年某院共出院患者319481人次,死亡1329例,病死率为4.16%,住院患者病死率随年份有线性上升趋势。男性死亡845例,死亡率为0.55%,女性494例,死亡率为0.29%,男女死亡率差异有统计学意义;≥65岁年龄组病死率最高为1.07%,5岁~14岁年龄组病死率最低为0.09%,不同年龄组病死率差异有统计学意义。前5位死因及顺位为循环系统疾病(35.99%)、肿瘤(24.92%)、损伤及中毒(14.16%)、呼吸系统疾病(8.66%)、消化系统疾病(4.74%)。循环系统疾病前5位病种死因构成比为70.71%,恶性肿瘤前5位病种死因构成比为71.0%,损伤、中毒前5位病种死因构成比为96.81%。结论循环系统为重要死亡原因,医院应着重提高医疗技术与多学科综合协作救治能力,采取措施降低中低风险死亡率,重视循环系统疾病的早期筛查和干预,还要加强对高年龄患者慢性病的防治和心理疏导。     

BMP9诱导可逆永生化小鼠瓣膜间质细胞成骨能力研究

目的：建立具有快速增殖能力的可逆永生化主动脉瓣膜间质细胞系。方法：体视显微镜下利用弹簧剪夹取瓣膜组织,胶原酶消化后加入逆转录永生化病毒,利用免疫荧光鉴定细胞是否属于间质细胞,显微镜观察细胞形态,结晶紫、CCK-8和流式细胞周期技术检测细胞增殖能力,碱性磷酸酶染色和茜素红钙盐沉积实验检测细胞成骨能力,q-PCR及Western blot检测细胞成骨标志物。结果：经光镜观察和免疫荧光鉴定,成功取到瓣膜间质细胞。加入永生化病毒后,经光镜观察和免疫荧光确认瓣膜间质细胞未发生表型改变,且在永生化的细胞中能够检测到大量SV40T(P<0.001)。结晶紫染色、CCK-8(P<0.001)和流式细胞周期结果提示永生化后的瓣膜间质细胞增殖速度变快。加入成骨诱导因子骨形态发生蛋白-9(bone morphogenetic protein9,BMP9)后永生化瓣膜间质细胞表现出较好的成骨能力,多数成骨标志物在分子层面的RNA和蛋白水平明显升高。去永生化后瓣膜间质细胞形态无明显改变,q-PCR结果显示SV40T明显降低（P<0.001）,细胞增殖能力明显下降,且细胞周期被阻滞在G0/G1期...