Analysis of Pyrethroid Insecticides in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chironomus dilutus</Emphasis> Using Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion Extraction

A matrix solid phase dispersion method was developed to detect eight pyrethroid insecticides in the aquatic invertebrate, Chironomus dilutus. A mixture of silica gel, diatomaceous earth and primary/secondary amino solid absorbents were selected as the dispersion matrix, while 7% ethyl ether in hexane was used as the elution solvent. Method detection limits for the target pyrethroids ranged from 0.46 to 4.4 μg kg⁻¹, and recoveries were 63.5%–124.0%, 43.7%–116.0% and 53.1%–93.1% at spiked levels of 5, 20 and 50 μg kg⁻¹, respectively. The developed method was used to assess pyrethroid residues in laboratory-exposed and field-collected C. dilutus.     

如皋市甲型肝炎疫苗免疫接种成本效益分析

采用ＷＨＯ推荐的“国民收入法”评价指标，分析研究推广接种甲肝疫苗预防和控制甲肝的成本效益。１９９５～１９９９年如皋市实施甲肝疫苗接种，甲型病毒性肝炎发病率明显下降，测算减少甲型肝炎病人１０７７４例，取得的经济效益为４２４８．９７万元，去除成本后的净效益为３７７９．４６万元，成本效益比为１：９．０５。结果表明，接种甲肝疫苗其经济效益显。     

Effect of fructose or sucrose feeding with different levels on oral glucose tolerance test in normal and type 2 diabetic rats

This study was designed to determine whether acute fructose or sucrose administration at different levels (0.05 g/kg, 0.1 g/kg or 0.4 g/kg body weight) might affect oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in normal and type 2 diabetic rats. In OGTT, there were no significant differences in glucose responses between acute fructose- and sucrose-administered groups. However, in normal rats, the AUCs of the blood glucose response for the fructose-administered groups tended to be lower than those of the control and sucrose-administered groups. The AUCs of the lower levels fructoseor sucrose-administered groups tended to be smaller than those of higher levels fructose- or sucrose-administered groups. In type 2 diabetic rats, only the AUC of the lowest level of fructose-administered (0.05 g/kg body weight) group was slightly smaller than that of the control group. The AUCs of fructose-administered groups tended to be smaller than those of the sucrose-administered groups, and the AUCs of lower levels fructose-administered groups tended to be smaller than those fed higher levels of fructose. We concluded from this experiment that fructose has tendency to be more effective in blood glucose regulation than sucrose, and moreover, that smaller amount of fructose is preferred to larger amount. Specifically, our experiments indicated that the fructose level of 0.05 g/kg body weight as dietary supplement was the most effective amount for blood glucose regulation from the pool of 0.05 g/kg, 0.1 g/kg and 0.4 g/kg body weights. Therefore, our results suggest the use of fructose as the substitute sweetener for sucrose, which may be beneficial for blood glucose regulation.     

Protective effects of sodium para‐amino salicylate on manganese‐induced neuronal death: the involvement of reactive oxygen species

Objectives This study tested whether sodium para‐amino salicylic dihydrate, an antibacterial drug for tuberculosis, could block manganese‐induced apoptosis in SK‐N‐MC neurons. Methods Cell viability, Hoechst staining, dichlorofluorescin diacetate analysis for reactive oxygen species measurement, and immunoblotting were performed. Key findings In vitro, manganese chloride significantly decreased the viability of SK‐N‐MC cells, accompanied by apoptotic features such as changes in nuclear morphology. Sodium para‐amino salicylic dihydrate inhibited these apoptotic characteristics through reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, protecting mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase‐3 activation. Conclusions Sodium para‐amino salicylic dihydrate inhibits manganese‐induced apoptosis in neurons and may reduce manganese‐mediated neurodegeneration.     

流式细胞技术检测肾脏移植受者pp65抗原血症的意义

背景：临床对pp65抗原的检测主要采用免疫荧光技术，但是该方法步骤繁琐，需要对标本进行人工计数，在检测过程中受人为的影响因素较多。 目的：探讨使用简便的流式细胞技术检测人巨细胞病毒pp65抗原血症的可行性及其特点。 设计、时间及地点：对比观察实验，于2007-09/2008-03在解放军总医院附属二院器官移植中心完成。 材料：肾脏移植受者外周血标本145份。 方法：分离人外周血白细胞，分别采用免疫荧光技术与流式细胞技术对人巨细胞病毒pp65抗原检测。 主要观察指标：流式细胞仪在激发波长为488 nm处的吸收峰判断阳性检出。 结果：对肾脏移植受者进行免疫荧光技术检测，在15例受者的25份标本中检出阳性，检出的特异性为76.0%；对肾脏移植受者进行流式细胞技术检测，在5例受者的11份标本中检出阳性，检出的特异性为54.5%。使用Fisher确切概率法对两种不同检测方法检出的效果进行检验，结果两种检测方法的检出效果差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。 结论：免疫荧光技术和流式细胞技术两种pp65抗原检测方法的检出效果无差异，因此可以通过流式细胞技术对pp65抗原进行检测，并且结果更加客观。     

一氧化氮合成阻滞大鼠模型血浆一氧化氮变化及益气化瘀法干预作用

目的　探讨一氧化氮 (NO)在妊娠高血压综合征及胎儿宫内发育迟缓发病中的作用及益气化瘀法提高胎盘血供的内在机制。　方法　采用 L-精氨酸甲酯 (L- NAME)于妊娠第 10 d起皮下注射制作模型 ,黄芪、丹参复方成分及硝酸甘油干预 ,于妊娠 12 d起测尾动脉血压 ,考马斯亮兰法检测尿蛋白含量 ,妊娠第 18d用亚硝酸根还原酶法检测血浆NO水平 ;　结果　模型组 NO含量明显降低 (P<0 .0 1) ,经黄芪丹参复方成分治疗后 ,血浆 NO水平升高 (P<0 .0 1) ,而阳性组 NO含量稍有升高 ,但差异无统计学意义。　结论　以益气化瘀立法的黄芪丹参复方成分舒张血管、降低外周阻力 ,改善胎盘循环的作用可能是通过促进内皮细胞分泌 NO而实现的     

Nocardiosis of the lung: chest radiographic findings in 21 cases

Pulmonary manifestations of nocardial infection were present in 21 patients, with microbiologic proof in all and pathologic proof in 12. An analysis of the findings in these patients, combined with a review of previous reports of nocardiosis, suggests several important conclusions for radiologists. First, nocardiosis may occur in otherwise healthy persons but is most common in compromised patients, especially those being treated with anti-inflammatory agents, particularly corticosteroids, for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other systemic diseases. As pathologic manifestations are both suppurative and granulomatous, the chest radiographic manifestations are pleomorphic and not specific. Consolidations and large irregular nodules, often cavitary, are most common; nodules, masses, and interstitial patterns also occur. Pleural effusions are quite common, and lymph nodes may be enlarged. Difficulty and slowness of culture growth, along with the lack of a serologic test for nocardiosis, necessitate its inclusion in the differential diagnosis for both compromised and noncompromised patients in whom an apparent pulmonary infection cannot be rapidly diagnosed.     

表面睫状体透热治疗绝对期青光眼

本文报告了22例各种类型的绝对期青光眼经表面睫状体透热治疗,平均随访3.5年,不用任何药物,13例获得满意眼压控制,2例眼压降低50％、症状消退,有效率68％。并介绍了手术方法及并发症。本术式简便易行、并发症少,为治疗各种类型的绝对期青光眼之可取的手术方式