关于老年人植入心脏起搏器术后疗养康复的体会

目的避免或减少老年人植入心脏起搏器术后疗养康复过程中起搏器故障和相关疾病的发生。积极治疗基础疾病,改变其不良症状,并通过心理治疗改善不良心理情绪,使其增强自信,提高生活质量。方法入院后,详细了解安置起搏器的时间、类型及工作情况,全面掌握其身体状况和心理特点,为其制定合理的疗养计划。结果疗养期结束后,疗养员无一例出现起搏器故障和发生相关疾病;基础疾病及不良症状得到进一步控制,心理不良情绪得到进一步控制,基本达到了疗养的目的。结论疗养院医务人员应全面了解起搏器的类型及特性;掌握安置起搏器的适应症和容易出现的病症;掌握此类疗养员的身体情况和心理特点,制定合理的疗养计划并按计划认真予以实施,是保证老年人植入心脏起搏器疗养员能够顺利完成疗养生活的有效措施。     

Investigation of an artificial intelligence technology--Model trees. Novel applications for an immediate release tablet formulation database.

This study has investigated an artificial intelligence technology - model trees - as a modelling tool applied to an immediate release tablet formulation database. The modelling performance was compared with artificial neural networks that have been well established and widely applied in the pharmaceutical product formulation fields. The predictability of generated models was validated on unseen data and judged by correlation coefficient R(2). Output from the model tree analyses produced multivariate linear equations which predicted tablet tensile strength, disintegration time, and drug dissolution profiles of similar quality to neural network models. However, additional and valuable knowledge hidden in the formulation database was extracted from these equations. It is concluded that, as a transparent technology, model trees are useful tools to formulators.     

Reformulation and drop size of apraclonidine hydrochloride.

We performed a prospective, double-masked, placebo-controlled, six-period, cross-over study in which normal subjects were randomly assigned to treatment and compared three different formulations of apraclonidine hydrochloride (the present commercially available formulation, and formulations with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose or lysolecithin). We also evaluated the efficacy of a 16-microliters and 30-microliters drop size. The magnitude and duration of decrease in intraocular pressure was comparable for all formulations. Most subjects tolerated all formulations well with only a few reporting any side effects. The best-tolerated formulation was 0.5% apraclonidine hydrochloride delivered with a 16-microliters drop size. Dry mouth developed frequently with the commercially available 1% apraclonidine solution. Blurred vision complicated the use of the formulation containing hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. Both dry mouth (P less than .05) and blurred vision (P = .004) were statistically significant side effects.     

原发性胆囊癌CD44v6和bcl-2的表达及其与临床病理的关系

目的　探讨CD44v6和bcl 2蛋白在原发性胆囊癌组织中的表达及其与癌组织类型、病理分级和转移状况的关系 ,以及CD44v6表达与bcl 2表达的相关性。方法　应用免疫组织化学方法检测 50例原发性胆囊癌、2 0例胆囊腺瘤和 1 0例慢性胆囊炎组织中CD44v6和bcl 2蛋白的表达。结果　胆囊癌组织中CD44v6和bcl 2表达阳性率分别为82 .0 %和 60 .0 % ,均明显高于胆囊腺瘤 (分别为 45 .0 %和 30 .0 % ,P<0 .0 5) ,并随着胆囊癌细胞分化程度的减低、病理分级的增高和转移而明显增高 (P<0 .0 5)。同时 ,CD44v6的表达与bcl 2表达呈正相关 (r =0 .36 ,P<0 .0 5)。结论　CD44v6和bcl 2均是胆囊癌高度恶性和预后不良的重要指标。胆囊癌CD44v6表达与bcl 2蛋白表达可能具有相互协同作用。     

家兔骨延长后血清微量元素的变化

目的 :观察骨延长术对血清微量元素的影响。方法 :采用实验家兔 6只 ,造成左胫骨中段骨延长模型 ,定期耳缘静脉采血。原子吸收分光光度仪测定血清中锌、铜、铁的含量。结果 :骨延长术后血清铜元素含量呈上升趋势 ,血清铁、锌元素含量明显下降。在延长结束后 5d时与术前比较有明显差别 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :骨延长术后 ,血清铁、锌元素含量呈阶段性下降 ,适时予以补充 ,有利于骨组织的修复。     

非职业因素与血铅水平的岭回归分析

调查１３３名城市居民的血铅水平。通过ＲｉｄｇｅＲｅｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ程序分析非职业因素对血铅水平的影响。结果表明，汽车尾气是影响城市居民的血铅水平的主要因素。     

股骨干骨折内固定术后不愈合27例分析

报告股骨干骨折切开复位内固定术后不愈合27例。其中，17例钢板固定者，只4例符合要求，9例髓内针固定者，有5例针短小。尚伴有固定方法，钢板或髓内针断裂，以及感染等方面原因有。本组再手术26例1次手术治愈，1例2次手术治愈。绝大部分经带蒂骨皮质剥离^[1]和坚强内固定术后而愈合，不需植骨。产生骨折不愈合的诸因素中，以忽视内固定的基本原则与术中操作不当为主。     

交链孢酚单甲醚在大鼠小鼠体内的分布

对食管癌高发区粮食中分离的互隔交链孢霉的毒素交链孢酚单甲醚(AME)在大鼠、小鼠体内的分布进行研究。给动物腹腔内注射氚标记的交链孢酚单甲醚(~3H-AME),然后在不同时间测各脏器的放射性。结果表明:在所测9个脏器中,2h肝脏含量最高,食管下段在大小鼠分别居第四和第三。但大小鼠分别在72、24h则以食管下段最高,说明AME及其代谢物在此清除较慢,即对其有较高的亲和力。     

Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity in lung transplant recipients.

End-stage lung disease has been treated successfully by lung transplantation (LTXP) at our institution since 1983. We report on the renal function of 30 LTXP recipients who were followed for at least 6 months (mean, 39 months; range, 6-60 months). All patients received quadruple immunosuppressive therapy including cyclosporine A, with a trough serum level (RIA) between 150 and 250 ng/ml for the first 6 months between 125 and 150 mg/ml after 6 months. The mean serum creatinine (SeCr) increased from a baseline value of 75 +/- 3.5 to 182 +/- 13.9 microM at the end of the follow-up. The greatest change in SeCr occurred within the first 6 months post LTXP. Fifteen of 30 patients who were initially normotensive required at least one antihypertensive medication post LTXP. By the end of the follow-up, 9 patients had SeCr > 200 microM. Two patients in this institution have progressed to end-stage renal disease requiring dialytic therapy. CsA nephrotoxicity has emerged as a major source of morbidity in the lung transplant population. Nephrotoxicity occurs early, and there does not appear to be any trend toward reversibility despite a lowering of the dose. Renal parenchymal injury may be progressive, despite an apparent plateau of the SeCr in some patients.     

Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia in coronary artery disease patients with left ventricular dysfunction

Background  Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a risk factor for poor outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) also identifies a subset of CAD patients at increased risk for future cardiovascular events. Susceptibility to MSIMI in patients with CAD and reduced LVEF is unknown. Methods and Results  We enrolled 182 patients (67 women) with a mean age of 64 years and a documented history of CAD in this study. Baseline resting ejection fraction was determined by use of technetium 99m sestamibi gated single photon emission computed tomography. Abnormal LVEF was defined as less than 45% for men and less than 50% for women (based on published norms for our software [Cedars-Sinai Medical Center]). All participants underwent mental stress testing with a public speaking task. Rest/stress myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography was performed via conventional methodology. Images were visually compared for number and severity of perfusion defects by use of a scoring method from 0 to 4. A summed difference score was calculated as the difference between summed stress and rest scores. A score of greater than 3 was considered abnormal. MSIMI developed in 19% of patients with normal LVEF and 31% of those with reduced LVEF. There is no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=.11). Conclusions  CAD patients with left ventricular dysfunction are equally susceptible to MSIMI as those with normal LVEF. This study was supported by grants HL 070265 and HL 072059 from the National Heart. Lung, and Blood Institute. This material is also the result of work supported by resources and with the use of facilities at the Department of Veterans. Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Fla.