Molecular analysis of duck hepatitis virus type 1

The genome sequence of a duck hepatitis virus type 1 (DHV-1) strain was determined. Comparative sequence analysis showed that the genome possesses a typical picornarivus organization and also exhibits several unique features, such as the similarity of internal ribosome entry site to that of Porcine teschovirus 1 and Hepatitis C virus, the presence of a longest 3' untranslated region and a shorter leader protein in the Picornaviridae, the absence of a predicted maturation cleavage of VP0, the association of an aphthovirus-like 2A1 and parechovirus-like 2A2, and the unprecedented presence of an AIG1 domain in the N-terminus of 2A2. It is concluded that DHV-1 belongs to a new group of the family Picornaviridae that may form a separate genus most closely related to the genus Parechovirus.     

额顶部头皮内上皮样肉瘤一例

患者男,26岁。发现额顶部肿物并迅速增大3个月于2006年4月26日入院,头颅MRI示：头颅额骨、顶骨可见骨质早虫蚀样破坏,骨皮质不连续,周围可见多个软组织肿块影,内见长条形致密钙化影（图1）。术中见肿瘤位于额顶部头皮同,向下穿透颅骨及硬脑膜侵入颅内,     

A female-specific pentraxin, CrOctin, bridges pattern recognition receptors to bacterial phosphoethanolamine

Pathogen recognition and binding are crucial functions of innate immunity. It has been observed that the short pentraxin superfamily including C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P component are pathogen pattern recognition receptors (PRR) in the plasma. We isolated and characterized a novel and distinctive pentraxin from the plasma of horseshoe crab, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, henceforth named CrOctin, which binds to bacteria via phosphoethanolamine (PE), a chemical component present on lipid A and core polysaccharide moieties of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Infection enhances the formation of the PRR interactome constituting CrOctin, CRP and galactose-binding protein. In particular, infection increases the affinity of CRP to CrOctin by 1000-fold. Furthermore, we observed that by binding to PE, CrOctin acts as a linker that bridges the PRR interactome to the inner core of LPS. On the other hand, under normal physiological conditions, binding of CrOctin to PE appears to obscure other PRR from interacting directly with PE. Interestingly, the cluster of "CrOctin-interactive PRR" is sex specific. We report, for the first time, the change in PRR protein profiles with a distinctive gender difference during Pseudomonas infection.     

Potential applications and human biosafety of nanomaterials used in nanomedicine

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, potential applications of nanomaterials in medicine have been widely researched in recent years. Nanomaterials themselves can be used as image agents or therapeutic drugs, and for drug and gene delivery, biological devices, nanoelectronic biosensors or molecular nanotechnology. As the composition, morphology, chemical properties, implant sites as well as potential applications become more and more complex, human biosafety of nanomaterials for clinical use has become a major concern. If nanoparticles accumulate in the human body or interact with the body molecules or chemical components, health risks may also occur. Accordingly, the unique chemical and physical properties, potential applications in medical fields, as well as human biosafety in clinical trials are reviewed in this study. Finally, this article tries to give some suggestions for future work in nanomedicine research. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synergism of amlodipine and candesartan on blood pressure reduction and organ protection in hypertensive rats

This study was designed to investigate the possible synergism of amlodipine and candesartan on the reduction of blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive rats. The end organ protection was also observed. In acute experiment, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were treated with intragastric administration of amlodipine (0.5, 1, 2, 3 mg/kg), candesartan (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 mg/kg), and 14 different combinations to find the possible ratio of synergistic interaction. In two kidneys, one clip (2K1C) rats, the effects of amlodipine (1 mg/kg), canderastan (2 mg/kg) and their combination on BP reduction were also observed. In chronic study, SHRs were treated with amlodipine (1 mg/kg), candesartan (2 mg/kg), and their combination for 5 months. Organ damage evaluation was performed after BP recording. The probability sum test (q test) was used to evaluate the synergistic action. There is a synergistic interaction between amlodipine and candesartan on BP reduction. The optimal dose ratio is 1:2. The synergistic effect was also confirmed by 2K1C hypertensive rats. In chronic study, this combination (1:2) possessed an obvious synergism on the reduction of BP and BP variability (BPV) and protection on end organs. Multiple regression analysis showed that heart and aortic hypertrophy indexes and glomerular damage parameters were positively related to BP and BPV. In conclusion, combination of amlodipine and candesartan exhibited a potent antihypertensive effect and possessed an obvious synergism on BP reduction and organ protection in hypertension. The optimal proportion was 1:2. BP and BPV reduction may both importantly contribute to end organ protection.     

根本原因分析法调查乳甲外科清洁切口手术部位感染事件

目的通过根因分析法(RCA)查找乳腺、甲状腺手术切口感染的根本原因。方法 2016年3—4月某院乳甲外科发生3例手术部位感染,采用RCA查找造成切口感染的根本原因,管理者针对根本原因采取措施,继续追踪4个月查看术后手术部位感染情况。结果通过RCA查找到此次手术部位感染的根本原因为:科室对患者术后管理的机制落实不到位、科室绩效分配不合理,以及科室未严格执行进修、实习人员的带教制度。针对根本原因采取措施后,该科5—8月未再发生感染病例。结论 RCA从根本上查找到此次乳腺、甲状腺手术切口感染的根本原因,针对原因,采取的控制措施有效。     

一种新型胃癌治疗性疫苗的无菌检查

目的：建立一种新型胃癌治疗性疫苗的无菌检查方法。方法：依据《中国药典》2015年版三部要求,采用薄膜过滤法和吐温80溶解及梯度冲洗的方法进行无菌检查并进行方法适用性试验。结果与结论：通过方法适用性试验说明建立的无菌检查法适用于该疫苗的无菌检查,并对其他黏性供试品的无菌检查具有借鉴意义。     

他克莫司与甲氨蝶呤联合治疗难治性类风湿关节炎效果观察

摘 要 目的：探讨他克莫司与甲氨蝶呤联合治疗难治性类风湿关节炎的临床效果。方法：80例难治性类风湿关节炎患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。观察组给予他克莫司与甲氨蝶呤联合治疗,对照组给予环磷酰胺与甲氨蝶呤联合治疗,两组均治疗24周。观察两组患者治疗前后关节疼痛指数、关节肿胀指数及晨僵时间的变化,采用视觉模拟评分（VAS ）对患者疼痛情况进行评估;评价两组临床疗效;比较两组患者治疗前后红细胞沉降率（ESR）、C 反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF α）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）等指标变化。结果：观察组总缓解率为100.00%,显著高于对照组的67.50%（P<0.05）。治疗后两组关节疼痛指数、关节肿胀指数、晨僵时间及VAS 评分均较治疗前显著降低（P<0.05）,且观察组各项指标均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后ESR、CRP、TNF α、VEGF均较治疗前显著降低（P<0.05）,且观察组明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：他克莫司与甲氨蝶呤联合治疗难治性类风湿关节炎临床疗效好,安全性高,其作用机制可能与降低患者体内炎症反应及下调VEGF水平有关。