Ciproxifan,an H3 receptor antagonist,improves short-term recognition memory impaired by isoflurane anesthesia

Background

Exposure to volatile anesthetics has been reported to cause temporary or sustained impairments in learning and memory in pre-clinical studies. The selective antagonists of the histamine H3 receptors (H3R) are considered to be a promising group of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of cognitive disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of H3R antagonist ciproxifan on isoflurane-induced deficits in an object recognition task.

Methods

Adult C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to isoflurane (1.3 %) or vehicle gas for 2 h. The object recognition tests were carried at 24 h or 7 days after exposure to anesthesia to exploit the tendency of mice to prefer exploring novel objects in an environment when a familiar object is also present. During the training phase, two identical objects were placed in two defined sites of the chamber. During the test phase, performed 1 or 24 h after the training phase, one of the objects was replaced by a new object with a different shape. The time spent exploring each object was recorded.

Results

A robust deficit in object recognition memory occurred 1 day after exposure to isoflurane anesthesia. Isoflurane-treated mice spent significantly less time exploring a novel object at 1 h but not at 24 h after the training phase. The deficit in short-term memory was reversed by the administration of ciproxifan 30 min before behavioral training.

Conclusion

Isoflurane exposure induces reversible deficits in object recognition memory. Ciproxifan appears to be a potential therapeutic agent for improving post-anesthesia cognitive memory performance.

     

Elevated plasma aldosterone is an independent risk factor for erectile dysfunction in men

Introduction

Erectile dysfunction (ED) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) share a great number of common risk factors. There is growing evidence that aldosterone, an independent CVD risk factor, is associated with ED.

Aims

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between plasma aldosterone and erectile dysfunction.

Methods

This study recruited 287 participants, ranging from 18 to 84 years old; 217 were suffering from ED, diagnosed by the International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5) scores. Based on IIEF-5 scores, patients were divided into one control group and three ED groups (mild ED; moderate ED; severe ED).

Main outcome measures

The differences in principal characteristics, blood routine, sexual hormone, adrenal hormone, thyroid hormone, renal function, liver function and blood lipid were compared between ED and control groups.

Results

Our study demonstrated that the difference of mean plasma aldosterone levels between ED group and the control group was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Stepwise logistic regression analysis of all the possible factors support the role of aldosterone as an independent risk factor for ED (OR 1.011; 95 % CI 1.003–1.018; P = 0.004). Similar statistical methods were applied to the comparison between moderate to severe ED group and control to mild ED group (OR 1.017; 95 % CI 1.009–1.024; P < 0.001). ROC curve and the area under the curve (0.718; 95 % CI 0.643–0.794; P < 0.001) were performed to assess the diagnostic effect and to compare the severity of risk with the known independent risk factors, such as age and cholesterol (0.704; 95 % CI 0.631–0.778; P < 0.001). When using a 374 pg/mL cut-off value from Youden index, the OR of ED group versus controls is 3.106 (95 % CI 1.458–6.617), while the OR of moderate to severe ED versus control and mild ED is 5.480 (95 % CI 3.108–9.662).

Conclusions

We determined that elevated plasma aldosterone concentration is an independent risk factor for ED. Our findings also indicate that the aldosterone, a well-recognized contributor to vascular injury, might be a potential bond between ED and CVD.

     

The role of Silodosin as a new medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones: a meta-analysis

To evaluate the efficacy of Silodosin as a medical expulsive therapy of ureteral stones, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and CBM up to June 2015. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified in which patients were randomized to receive Silodosin versus placebo or other therapies for ureteral stones. Outcome measures assessed were overall stone expulsion rate (primary) and expulsion time, analgesics times, and the incidence of additional treatment and regarding treatment complications (secondary). Two authors independently assessed study quality and extracted data. All data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3. Seven RCTs with a total of 1035 patients met the inclusion criteria. The pooled meta-analysis showed a significant improvement in stone clearance with Silodosin (Silodosin versus placebo, OR?=1.69, 95% CI [1.19–2.40], p?=?0.003; Silodosin versus tamsulosin, OR?=2.82, 95% CI [1.79–4.44], p?相似文献   

Clinical outcomes of toe amputation in patients with type 2 diabetes in Tianjin,China

The aim of this study is to determine the predictors for reulceration, reamputation and mortality in patients with diabetes following toe amputation, and the impact of activities of daily living on clinical outcomes. This prospective cohort study included 245 patients who had undergone toe amputation (202 healing and 43 non‐healing) and was followed for a 5‐year period. Data regarding new foot ulceration, reamputation and mortality were recorded, and the patients' activities of daily living were evaluated. The rate of wound healing was 82·4%. The rate of follow‐up in the healed group was 91·6%. In years 1, 3 and 5, the cumulative incidence of patients who developed a new foot ulcer was 27·3%, 57·2% and 76·4%, respectively, leading to reamputation in 12·5%, 22·3% and 47·1%, respectively. The cumulative mortality was 5·8%, 15·1% and 32·7% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that GHbA1c > 9% (75 mmol/mol) was identified as an independent predictor of impaired wound healing, reulceration and reamputation. An age of >70 years was identified as an independent predictor of reamputation, mortality and impairment of activities of daily living. Despite a satisfactory initial healing rate after the first toe amputation, with the extension course after the toe amputation, the long‐term outcomes are not optimistic. In developing countries like China, taking measures to prevent reulceration and reamputation is very important for patients with diabetic foot minor amputations, especially following toe amputation.