Effects of tetrahydrocannabinol content on marijuana smoking behavior, subjective reports, and performance

This study investigated the smoking topography of marijuana and its effect on heart rate, subjective reports, and cognitive/psychomotor task performance. Male subjects (N = 12) with histories of moderate marijuana use smoked ad lib one cigarette containing 0, 1.3, or 2.7% delta 9-THC on separate days. Smoking topography measures revealed smaller puff and inhalation volumes and shorter puff duration for the high marijuana dose compared to the low dose. No other smoking behavior differed between the active doses. Heart rate was increased dose dependently over placebo levels. Active marijuana also increased subjective reports of drug effect over placebo, but not dose dependently. Significant memory impairment was observed on a forward and reverse digit span task, and performance was impaired on the digit symbol substitution task by the high, but not low, dose of marijuana. Performance on a divided attention task was not affected by marijuana. Thus, although subjects adjusted their smoking of cigarettes varying in THC content, dose-related effects of marijuana were obtained on several measures. The observed differences and individual variation in smoking topography measures suggest that precise control of smoking behavior would improve the accuracy of marijuana dose delivery.     

复方斑蝥酊治疗局限型神经性皮炎的临床实验研究(附152例报告)

本文报道中药复方斑蝥酊治疗局限型神经性皮炎152例,治愈率36.84％,好转率53.28％,总有效率为90.12％,本疗法经济、实用、简便,不污衣物,是治疗神经性皮炎的理想方法之一。并通过动物模型模拟试验,研究了神经性皮炎病变组织形成过程。探讨复方斑蝥酊的作用机制及影响疗效的因素。     

A Proposed Model of Relapse Prevention for Adolescents Who Abuse Alcohol

Adolescents who abuse alcohol are being admitted to treatment centers in increasing numbers. However, relapse prevention, a critical aspect of recovery, rarely is addressed in this high-risk population. This article briefly reviews adolescent development, the current literature on adolescent drinking patterns and relapse, and analyzes current models of relapse prevention in adults. This information is then used to propose a relapse prevention model for adolescents.     

肌腱玻璃化法冷冻保存的体外实验

目的:目前临床上常用低温冷冻法来保存同种异体肌腱,但操作较复杂费时,并且所保存的肌腱活性较低而限制其应用。采用已筛选的玻璃化法冷冻保存鸡屈趾深肌腱,并将复温后的玻璃化肌腱进行体外检测,探索其作为肌腱移植材料的可行性。方法:实验于2003-11/2005-02在解放军总医院骨科研究所完成。①实验材料及分组:来亨鸡16只,雄性,体质量2.5kg左右,随机分为2组,玻璃化组为玻璃化肌腱,新鲜肌腱组为新鲜肌腱,每组8只。②实验过程:切取来亨鸡屈趾深肌腱,置入玻璃化液内快速投入液氮保存2周制备玻璃化肌腱。③实验评估:将2组肌腱在体外进行大体、组织学及超微结构观察,羟脯氨酸含量测定,生物力学性能检测,并对两组肌腱进行细胞培养与鉴定。结果:①玻璃化组肌腱的大体、组织学及超微结构与新鲜肌腱组相似,其细胞及细胞外结构得以良好保存。②应用碱解法测定玻璃化肌腱内的羟脯氨酸含量为69.27mg/g,与新鲜肌腱组间差异无统计学意义。③玻璃化组肌腱破裂强度为165.58MPa,弹性模量1.41GPa,与新鲜肌腱组的力学性能差异无统计学意义。④将玻璃化组肌腱进行细胞培养,细胞第8天自组织块长出,第21天后传代,培养3代后出现明显的退化现象,其生物学特性与新鲜肌腱组相似。⑤将两组肌腱培养的细胞分别进行免疫组织化学染色,经鉴定均为肌腱细胞。结论:玻璃化法保存的肌腱具有良好的细胞活性、细胞外结构及力学性能,其生物学及生物力学特性无明显变异。     

主动脉夹层动脉瘤支架植入术围手术期的护理进展

综述了主动脉夹层动脉瘤进行介入手术前后的护理进展,通过护理干预和各项护理措施,减少术前可能出现的危重病状和术后并发症的发生.     

EUROPEAN STROKE PREVENTION STUDY 2: DIPYRIDAMOLE AND ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID IN THE SECONDARY PREVENTION OF STROKE

In 1988, an optimal antiplatelet regimen for secondary stroke prevention remained to be defined. We undertook a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to investigate the safety and efficacy of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), modified-release dipyridamole, and the two agents in combination. Patients with prior stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) were randomised to treatment with ASA alone (50 mg daily), modified-release dipyridamole alone (400 mg daily), the two agents in a combined formulation, or placebo. Primary endpoints were stroke, death, and stroke or death. TIA and other vascular events were secondary endpoints. Patients were followed on treatment for two years. We concluded that dipyridamole, in a modified-release form, at a dose of 200 mg b.d. and ASA 25 mg b.d., have been shown to be equally effective in the secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke and TIA; that when co-prescribed, the protective effects are additive, the combination being significantly more effective than each agent prescribed singly; and that low-dose ASA does not eliminate the propensity for induced bleeding.     

The 2005 Italian Quality Control Study for the evaluation of CD4 cells in centers involved in the treatment of HIV type 1 patients

We report the results of an external quality control program, including 17 Italian centers involved in the care of patients infected by HIV, to evaluate CD4 T cell count proficiency and reproducibility. The centers received two commercial stabilized blood preparations, one with "normal" and one with "low" CD4 T cell content. The centers were asked to process the samples two times, 1 week apart, with the same procedure used for samples from HIV patients. Most centers showed a good performance of CD4 frequency and absolute count determinations. In particular, the "low" sample was correctly analyzed by all centers; only two underestimated the "normal" sample CD4 frequency, and only one underestimated the CD4 absolute count by >100 CD4 cells/microl. Overall, our data suggest that most Italian laboratories provide reliable and reproducible results in evaluating CD4 T cells in HIV(+) samples.