Effects of human amniotic fluid on cartilage regeneration from free perichondrial grafts in rabbits.

After the chondrogenic potential of free grafts of perichondrium was shown in several experimental studies, perichondrium has been used to reconstruct cartilage tissue in various clinical situations. This study investigates the effects of human amniotic fluid on neochondrogenesis from free perichondrial grafts in a rabbit model. Since this fluid contains high concentrations of hyaluronic acid, hyaluronic acid-stimulating activator, growth factors, and extracellular matrix precursors during the second trimester, it may have a stimulating effect on neochondrogenesis. Perichondrial grafts, measuring 20 x 20 mm2 were obtained from the ears of 144 New Zealand young rabbits and were sutured over the paravertebral muscles. The rabbits were randomly divided into three groups with 48 rabbits per group. In group 1, 0.3 ml human amniotic fluid, and in group 2, 0.3 ml saline were injected underneath the perichondrial grafts. Group 3 formed the control group in which no treatment was given. Histologically, neochondrogenesis was evaluated in terms of cellular form and graft thickness at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after surgery. In group 1, the mature cartilage was generated quickly and the cartilage plate in this group was significantly thick and extensive when compared with groups 2 and 3 at 8 weeks ( p<0.05 ANOVA). In conclusion, our study shows that human amniotic fluid enhances neochondrogenesis from free perichondrial grafts. The rich content of hyaluronic acid and growth factors possibly participate in this result.     

体重对腰椎后路开窗减压手术疗效的影响

目的对不同体重老年腰椎管狭窄患者行单纯腰椎后路开窗减压手术,并评价其治疗效果。方法回顾性分析1996年12月～2002年12月间145例因老年腰椎管狭窄而采用单纯腰椎后路开窗减压手术治疗患者的病例资料,结合问卷调查患者对手术的满意程度,比较不同体重患者住院期间及术后症状改善情况,评估手术疗效。结果不同体重患者术后腰腿疼痛明显缓解、日常生活质量改善,患者对手术的满意率达67.59%。而且患者的各种统计数据表明,不同体重组之间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论体重在一定程度上影响老年腰椎管狭窄患者的手术治疗结果。单纯腰椎后路开窗减压手术,可以达到较为理想的治疗效果。     

女性压力性尿失禁的微创治疗

目的探讨女性压力性尿失禁的发病机制和微创治疗方法。方法女性压力性尿失禁患者25例,经临床、尿动力学检查或膀胱尿道造影确诊,均为稳定性膀胱,无膀胱出口梗阻。采用无张力阴道吊带术(TVT),将吊带无张力置于尿道中段。结果手术时间平均(40±5)min;术中出血量平均(43±10)mL;术后平均留置导尿1.5 d;术后平均住院3 d。23例患者术后尿失禁症状均消失,其中2例患者术后出现尿潴留,留置导尿1周后好转,尿潴留症状消失,尿失禁未复发;2例尿失禁症状显著改善。结论TVT等微创术式因简单、微创、疗效好、并发症少等,目前是女性压力性尿失禁外科手术治疗的发展方向。     

多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图及组织多普勒成像技术在诊断冠心病中的临床应用

目的探讨多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图(DSE)和组织多普勒成像技术(TDI)在冠心病(CHD)诊断中的应用价值,以寻求一种敏感的、无创的CHD诊断方法。方法选择胸闷或胸痛怀疑CHD患者40例,应用TDI测量静息状态(Rest)下前壁中段收缩峰值速度(Vs),以及多巴酚丁胺峰值负荷状态(Peak)下前壁中段Vs,同时测量静息心率和负荷心率;所有入选对象均进行冠脉造影,并根据左前降支狭窄程度是否大于等于50%分为左前降支狭窄组(LST组)与左前降支非狭窄组(non-LST组)。分别比较Rest和Peak前壁中段LST组与non-LST组平均Vs差别等。结果Rest前壁中段LST组与non-LST组Vs差别无显著性意义;但Peak前壁中段LST组与non-LST组差别有显著性意义。结论DSE结合TDI是诊断冠心病有价值的定量分析方法。DSE在诊断CHD时的敏感性、准确性明显优于静息状态超声心动图。     

安博维对环孢素A慢性肾毒性大鼠肾间质骨桥蛋白表达及巨噬细胞浸润的影响

目的①观察安博维(厄贝沙坦)干预治疗后环孢素A(CsA)所致慢性肾毒性大鼠肾脏病理变化。②观察安博维对CsA慢性肾毒性大鼠模型肾骨桥蛋白(OPN)表达及间质ED1阳性巨噬细胞浸润的影响,以探讨安博维防护CsA慢性肾毒性的可能机制。方法给进低盐饮食SD大鼠灌胃20mg·(kg·d)-1剂量的CsA制作大鼠CsA肾毒模型,同时以10mg·(kg·d)-1剂量的安博维胃饲以预防肾毒性。于用药后第1、2、4周末时分别处死各组大鼠,免疫组织化学法测定OPN、ED1的表达,用HE染色观察肾脏病理变化。结果安博维能明显改善CsA肾中毒大鼠的一般情况,减少肾小管上皮细胞空泡变性和萎缩,减少间质炎细胞浸润及间质纤维化。免疫组化结果显示模型组肾小管-间质OPN与ED1表达较对照组增加(p<0.05);在试验各时间点,安博维组大鼠肾小管-间质ED-1阳性巨噬细胞数量及OPN表达较模型组显著减少(p<0.05);OPN仍高于对照组((p<0.05),ED-1阳性巨噬细胞数量在第1、2周末与对照组无差异(p>0.05),但在第4周末高于对照组(p<0.05)。结论安博维能减轻CsA慢性肾毒性的肾脏病理损伤,这一防治作用可能与其减少ED-1阳性巨噬细胞浸润及下调OPN表达有关。     

The actions of capsaicin applied topically to the skin of the rat on C-fibre afferents, antidromic vasodilatation and substance P levels.

1. Single applications of solutions of capsaicin were made to the intact skin of anaesthetized rats and the effects on cutaneous blood flow and the firing of C-nociceptor afferents determined. Blood flow was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry. C-fibre activity was recorded from filaments dissected from the saphenous nerve. 2. Following the application of a capsaicin solution (concentration > or = 1 mM) to rat saphenous skin, low frequency firing occurred in C-polymodal nociceptors that sometimes continued for > 10 min. At the some time, large increases in skin blood flow occurred exceeding 300% in some instances. 3. After the initial excitation, some C-polymodal nociceptors lost their sensitivity to pressure whilst their sensitivity to heat was lost or enhanced depending on the vehicle used. 4. Sensitivity of C-polymodal nociceptors to heat recovered in < 1 day following a single application of 33 mM capsaicin. Thresholds to mechanical pressure, however, were still significantly elevated by 123% on day 1, but had recovered on day 2. 5. Vasodilatation in response to saphenous nerve stimulation ('antidromic vasodilatation') was significantly reduced by 35%, 2 days after a single application of 33 mM capsaicin, but was normal at 4 days. 6. Following a single application of 33 mM capsaicin, skin substance P levels fell to only half the normal value at day 1 and remained at this level throughout the 4 day period examined. 7. It is suggested that the ability of relatively low concentrations of capsaicin to desensitize C-fibre nociceptors may underlie the analgesic action of topical capsaicin in man.     

ULTRASTRUCTURAL INVESTIGATION ON THE ARTICULAR CARTILAGE FROM RABBIT KNEE JOINT AFTER IMMOBILIZATION IN CAST

The articular cartilages from the left knee of 30 rabbits immobilized in casts in functional position were studied under transmission electron microscope. The pathological changes which begin at early stage of immobilization included both degeneration and repair of cartilage. The striking morphological features observed were: (1) most chondrocytes in various layers of cartilage underwent progresive degeneration; (2) the concomitant abnormal proliferation of some chondrocytes happened in a brief period. The changes in mechanical stress caused by immobilization affected the nutrition of cartilage and finally led to its reactive structural reformation.     

大肠癌旁粘膜细胞的PCNA和AgNORs表达观察

用增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）和核仁组成区嗜银蛋白（ＡｇＮＯＲｓ）对３５例大肠癌旁粘膜进行细胞增殖表达与观察。结果表明：癌旁粘膜的ＰＣＮＡ标记指数增多，标记增强，排列紊乱。ＡｇＮＯＲｓ在癌旁粘膜中，颗粒增多、增大，形态多样，０￣１ｃｍ和２￣３ｃｍ组的标记指数与４￣５ｃｍ组的标记指数相比较，有显著或非常显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１）。在ＤｕｋｅＡ、Ｂ期中，细胞标记指数增高增强，与癌的发生和患者     

Electron microscopical demonstration of horseradish peroxidase by use of tetramethylbenzidine as chromogen and sodium tungstate as stabilizer (TMB-ST method): a tracing method with high sensitivity and well preserved ultrastructural tissue.

Until now methods using tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) for electron microscopy (TMB-EM methods) are all unable to provide a maximum demonstration of transported horseradish peroxidase (HRP) while maintaining good ultrastructural tissue preservation. In order to solve this problem, we have attempted to adapt a newly developed, highly sensitive TMB method using sodium tungstate (ST) as the stabilizer (TMB-ST method) for HRP electron microscopic retrograde and anterograde fiber tracing. The present study shows that the TMB-ST method combined with diaminobenzidine-cobalt (DAB-Co) is more sensitive than existing TMB-EM methods and that ultrastructural details are well preserved with this combined method. The resultant reaction product complex after osmication is stable and is observed as characteristic crystal-like structures which are extremely electron dense and often aggregated into clumps. In contrast, the TMB-ST method without the DAB-Co step frequently produces a moderate electron-dense reaction product. Therefore, we recommend the TMB-ST method combined with DAB-Co for HRP electron microscopy.     

静脉内毒瘾者HIV感染的转归及影响因素

对ＨＣＶ血清标记阳性的静脉内毒瘤者进行半年和１５个月随访，并调查影响转归的部分因素。结果显示，静脉内毒瘾者抗－ＨＣＶ自然转阴率分别为１１．０／和３３．３％。单因素和多因素分析均提示转阴率以婚姻状况良好的已婚者较离婚者高、人均年收入高者较低者高，说明婚姻状况和人们的经济水平对毒瘾者抗－ＨＣＶ转阴有一定的影响。