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41.
Tuncay Delibasi Yasar Karaaslan Ihsan Ustun Ertugrul Koroglu Seref Hosgor 《Central European Journal of Medicine》2007,2(3):294-303
The aim of this study was to determine underweight, overweight, and obesity prevalence in representative sample of adult (≥
18 years old) Turkish population living in urban and rural area of Turkey. Turkish citizens aged ≥ 18 who can represent adult
population and permanently resident in Turkey were taken to this study in 1999–2000. The nationally representative sample
population was selected from the target population using the census which was performed by national institute of statistics
at 1997. Target population was 13.570 individuals living in these houses and 8674 people who aged ≥ 18 are chosen for the
study. BMI was used as widely accepted diagnostic criteria of obesity. This study demonstrated that the prevalence of underweight
was 10.7% in men, 5.9% in women and 8.1% for overall. The prevalence of overweight was 17.4% in men, 20.4% in women and 19%
for overall. The prevalence of obesity was 7.8% in men, 22.1% in women and 15.6% for overall. The prevalence of overweight
is higher (19.6%) in urban areas but prevalence of obesity is higher (17%) in rural areas of Turkey. Age, educational level
and marital status seem to have association with obesity prevalence. The data we obtained showed us that while the underweight
is still an issue for men, the overweight and obesity prevalence is high and needs to take early prevention steps for Turkish
population. 相似文献
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Recently, there has been many investigations on the relationship between leptin and obesity, which is the main health problem in developed countries. In some reports, it has been claimed that the adrenalectomy has lead to weight loss and thus prevented obesity induced in rodents in various ways. It has also been accepted that diet-induced obesity in animals is very similar to obesity in humans beings. In this study, obesity has been developed with high-calorie diet given for 8 weeks in Sprague-Dawley rats. Then, it has been investigated how leptin and some metabolic parameters change in blood samples obtained from rats 15 d after adrenalectomy. Leptin levels was determined with Radio Immun Assay (RIA, Linco Research Co) method. Our study showed that, there were statistically significant increases in leptin (p<0.001), glucose (p<0.05), triglyceride (p<0.01) levels in diet-induced obese rats (n=19) when compared with the findings of control rats, lean ones (n=16), (Tables 3, 4). Adrenalectomy led to decreased serum leptin (p<0.001) and triglyceride (p<0.01) levels both in the obese and lean rats (Table 5). As a conclusion, it could be claimed that the decrease in leptin levels may be attributed to reduced adipose tissue due to adrenalectomy. On the other hand, the decreases in glucose and triglyceride levels might be the consequence of reduced lipogenesis and impaired gluconeogenesis with the effect of adrenalectomy. It was concluded that adrenalectomy might prevent obesity by affecting leptin and intermediate metabolism. 相似文献
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Sever MS Erek E Vanholder R Yurugen B Kantarci G Yavuz M Ergin H Bozfakioglu S Dalmak S Tulbek MY Kiper H Lameire N 《Kidney international》2002,62(6):2264-2271
BACKGROUND: Renal replacement therapy is of vital importance in the treatment of crush syndrome victims, who are frequently encountered after catastrophic earthquakes. The Marmara earthquake, which struck Northwestern Turkey in August 1999, was characterized by 477 victims who needed dialysis. METHOD: Within the first week of the disaster, questionnaires containing 63 clinical and laboratory variables were sent to 35 reference hospitals that treated the victims. Information considering the features of dialyses obtained through these questionnaires was submitted to analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 639 casualties with renal complications were registered, 477 of whom (mean age 32.3 +/- 13.7 years, 269 male) needed dialysis. Among these, 452 were treated by a single dialysis modality (437 intermittent hemodialysis, 11 continuous renal replacement therapy and 4 peritoneal dialysis), while 25 victims needed more than one type of dialysis. In total, 5137 hemodialysis sessions were performed (mean 11.1 +/- 8.0 sessions per patient) and mean duration of hemodialysis support was 13.4 +/- 9.0 days; this duration was shorter in the non-survivors (7.0 +/- 8.7 vs. 10.0 +/- 9.8 days, P = 0.005). Thirty-four victims who underwent continuous renal replacement therapy had higher mortality rates (41.2 vs. 13.7%, P < 0.0001). Only eight victims were treated by peritoneal dialysis, four of whom also required hemodialysis or continuous renal replacement therapy. The mortality rate in the dialyzed victims was 17.2%, a significantly higher figure compared to the mortality rate of the non-dialyzed patients with renal problems (9.3%; P = 0.015). CONCLUSION: Substantial amounts of dialysis support may be necessary for treating the victims of mass disasters complicated with crush syndrome. Dialyzed patients are characterized by higher rates of morbidity and mortality. 相似文献
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Hanjing Xie Laimonas Griskevicius Lars St?hle Zuzana Hassan Umit Yasar Anders Rane Ulrika Broberg Eva Kimby Moustapha Hassan 《European journal of pharmaceutical sciences》2006,27(1):54-61
PURPOSE: A high degree of interindividual variation in cyclophosphamide (CPA) pharmacokinetics was reported in certain cancer patient groups. To better understand the mechanisms underlying the variation in CPA metabolism, we have investigated the pharmacokinetics of CPA and its active metabolite 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (4-OH-CPA) in patients with hematological tumors. The pharmacokinetics of CPA and its active metabolite were related to the genotype of CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. The influence of liver function on CPA metabolism was also evaluated. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with hematological malignancies (MM, ALL or NHL) treated with a conventional CPA dose (1g/m(2)) were recruited to this study. Blood samples were collected before, during and after CPA treatment. HPLC was used to measure plasma concentrations of CPA and 4-OH-CPA. Patients were genotyped for the CYP2B6 G516T, CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 alleles. Serum bilirubin levels were measured before the treatment. Data was analyzed individually and by population pharmacokinetic methods, using non-linear mixed effect modeling. RESULTS: The interindividual variability in exposure to CPA, 4-OHCPA and 4-OH-CPA/CPA was 5.8-, 3.3- and 10.3-fold, respectively. A positive correlation between half-lives of CPA and 4-OH-CPA was found while a significant negative correlation between AUCs of CPA and 4-OH-CPA was detected. In the population analysis, the CYP2B6 G516T variant allele contribution to CPA clearance was about twice as the contribution from the wild type gene while the genotype of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 did not influence clearance. A negative correlation was observed between bilirubin level and CPA bioactivation. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates for the first time that the presence of the CYP2B6 G516T mutation increases the rate of 4-OH-CPA formation in patients with hematological malignancies. The liver function prior therapy as assessed by s-bilirubin influences CPA metabolism. 相似文献
48.
Maria Jaszyna Maciej Gasior Mohammed Shoaib Sevil Yasar S. R. Goldberg 《Psychopharmacology》1998,140(3):257-271
Epidemiological surveys demonstrate that caffeine, the main psychoactive ingredient of coffee, is a positive correlate in
drug abuse. To characterize the behavioral nature of caffeine interactions with other psychomotor stimulants, we examined
the effects of chronic caffeine exposure on the behavioral responses to nicotine, amphetamine, cocaine, the selective D1 agonist SKF-82958 and the selective D2 receptor agonist NPA, in rats responding under a fixed interval (FI) schedule of food reinforcement. Following stabilization
of rates and temporal patterns of responding (mathematically expressed as quarter-life values, QL), twenty-one Sprague-Dawley
rats responding under a 5-min FI schedule of food reinforcement were divided into two groups; one (twelve rats) maintained
on tap water (control) and the other (nine rats) on caffeine (3 mg/ml added to the drinking water). Following the substitution
of caffeine solution for tap water, behavior was temporarily disrupted as evidenced by decreases in responding and QL values
which reached a maximum after 72 h (rate 60% and QL 30% below baseline levels). Rats developed complete tolerance to these
effects of caffeine over 5 days of caffeine exposure. After response rate and QL values stabilized, effects of drugs were
evaluated. Nicotine (0.01–1.0 mg/kg; SC), amphetamine (0.1–5.6; IP), and cocaine (1.0–17; IP) each produced biphasic dose-dependent
changes in response rate with maximum increases in response rate following intermediate doses and decreases in response rates
following higher doses. The increase in rates of responding produced by amphetamine or cocaine (but not nicotine) were greater
(P<0.05) in caffeine-drinking than in water-drinking rats. Both SKF-82958 (0.001–0.3 mg/kg; IP) and NPA (0.0001–0.1; IP) produced
only dose-dependent decreases in rates of responding. Caffeine-drinking rats were less sensitive to the rate-depressant effects
of SKF-82958 (P<0.05) than water-drinking rats. However, similar changes (P>0.05) were produced by NPA in both groups. Except for amphetamine, the remaining drugs produced similar (P>0.05) dose-dependent decreases in QL values in water- and caffeine-drinking rats. Amphetamine produced smaller decreases
in QL values in caffeine-drinking rats than in water-drinking rats (P<0.05). Chronic exposure to caffeine produced complete insurmountable tolerance to the response-rate increasing (stimulant)
effects of acute caffeine (3.0–17 mg/kg; IP) in caffeine-drinking rats. In conclusion, our study revealed that chronic caffeine
exposure potentiates the behavioral response to amphetamine and cocaine but not to that of nicotine in rats responding under
a FI schedule of food reinforcement. Thus, it is likely that these effects are mediated through different pharmacological
mechanisms.
Received: 3 September 1997 / Final version: 9 May 1998 相似文献
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