Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the Chinese water snake Enhydris chinensis (Colubridae)

The Chinese water snake Enhydris chinensis is an ovoviviparous colubrid snake distributed in China and Vietnam. It is commonly used in the production of Chinese snake oil, which is known for treating ailments such as fever, joint pain, and headache. It is listed as a vulnerable species according to the China red data book of endangered animals. Specific molecular markers such as mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite loci are helpful for us to get a better understanding of population structure and evolutionary history of the snake and take effective conservation action for this species. Here, we characterize eight polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from E. chinensis genomic libraries. Forty-seven individuals were collected from Ji’an population in Jiangxi, China. These markers revealed a high degree of genetic diversity (3–10 alleles per locus) and heterozygosity (H _O ranged from 0.532 to 0.957, and H _E ranged from 0.565 to 0.806). No locus exhibited significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. There was no evidence of linkage disequilibrium among pairs of loci. The results of this paper will be useful for future study of population structure and genetic diversity of E. chinensis.     

Multi-label classification of retinal lesions in diabetic retinopathy for automatic analysis of fundus fluorescein angiography based on deep learning

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - To automatically detect and classify the lesions of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) images using...     

Proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid: toward the identification of biomarkers for gliomas

Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults and, despite advances in the understandings of glioma pathogenesis in the genetic era, they are still ineradicable, justifying the need to develop more reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for this malignancy. Because changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are suggested to be capable of sensitively reflecting pathological processes, e.g., neoplastic conditions, in the central nervous system, CSF has been deemed a valuable source for potential biomarkers screening in this era of proteomics. This systematic review focused on the proteomic analysis of glioma CSF that has been published to date and identified a total of 19 differentially expressed proteins. Further functional and protein-protein interaction assessments were performed by using Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER) website and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software, which revealed several important protein networks (e.g., IL-6/STAT-3) and four novel focus proteins (IL-6, galanin (GAL), HSPA5, and WNT4) that might be involved in glioma pathogenesis. The concentrations of these focus proteins were subsequently determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in an independent set of CSF and tumor cyst fluid (CF) samples. Specifically, glioblastoma (GBM) CF had significantly lower GAL, HSPA5, and WNT4 levels than CSF from different grades of glioma. In contrast, IL-6 level was significantly higher in GBM CF when compared with CSF and, among different CSF groups, was highest in GBM CSF. Therefore, these candidate protein biomarkers, identified from both the literatures and in silico analysis, may have potentials in clinical diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, treatment response monitoring, and novel therapeutic targets identification for patients with glioma.     

非综合征性唇腭裂候选基因和位点研究进展

先天性唇腭裂是一种常见的出生缺陷,其病因复杂,目前认为是遗传因素和环境因素共同作用的结果。最常见的是非综合征型唇腭裂（NSCL/P）,其发病机制尚无定论。近来,研究人员采用流行病学分析、详细分型、全基因组关联研究和动物模型的分析相结合,一些新的候选基因和位点已经确定与NSCL/P有关。这些发现推进了发育生物的理解,也为临床转化研究创造了新的机遇。     

Evaluation and validation of the Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score as an outcome assessment tool for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: Effects of the α1‐adrenoreceptor antagonist silodosin

We investigated the Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score as an outcome assessment tool for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms using silodosin. In addition, the ability of the Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score to detect overactive bladder in male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms was examined. The present study included 241 males with benign prostatic hyperplasia treated at 31 medical facilities between June 2009 and December 2010. All patients were given silodosin, and the effects of silodosin intake were measured using four questionnaires: the Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score, International Prostate Symptom Score, Overactive Bladder Symptom Score and Quality‐of‐Life index. The efficacy of silodosin for treating lower urinary tract symptoms was validated according to the total scores of all four questionnaires weighted equally (P < 0.05). Spearman's ρ among the Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score, International Prostate Symptom Score and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score showed a mild‐high correlation. However, the correlation between the baseline values of the Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score and Quality‐of‐Life index was low in the groups with benign prostatic hyperplasia (ρ = 0.314) and benign prostatic hyperplasia/overactive bladder (ρ = 0.244). Our findings showed the Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score, both its total score and each subscore, is able to show the efficacy of silodosin, similar to other questionnaires. The Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score is also useful for identifying overactive bladder symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. As the Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score does not correlate well with the Quality‐of‐Life index, these two questionnaires might be better used in combination to assess treatment outcomes.     

体脂量是绝经后女性股骨近端骨强度的决定因素

正Lower body weight or body mass index(BMI)has been known to be higher risk of developing osteoporosis and low-energy fractures via mechanical loading and other factors in both men and women[1].Recently,there have been new insights into the relationships between body composition and bone health.However,most of the previous studies regarding the relative effect of body composition on bone mass yielded inconsistent     

关于现代病原生物学教学改革的探讨

病原生物学是必不可少的医学基础学科。为适应现代医学发展趋式,病原生物学的教学改革势在必行。本文结合本院实际,通过对病原生物学教学中所存在问题的分析,论述近年来所采取的相应教学改革措施及其所取得的成果。