Incidence of influenza virus infections confirmed by serology in children and adult in a suburb community,northern China, 2018‐2019 influenza season

BackgroundIn mainland China, seasonal influenza disease burden at community level is unknown. The incidence rate of influenza virus infections in the community is difficult to determine due to the lack of well‐defined catchment populations of influenza‐like illness surveillance sentinel hospitals.ObjectivesWe established a community‐based cohort to estimate incidence of seasonal influenza infections indicated by serology and protection conferred by antibody titers against influenza infections during 2018‐2019 influenza season in northern China.MethodsWe recruited participants in November 2018 and conducted follow‐up in May 2019 with collection of sera every survey. Seasonal influenza infections were indicated by a 4‐fold or greater increase of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody between paired sera.ResultsTwo hundred and three children 5‐17 years of age and 413 adults 18‐59 years of age were followed up and provided paired sera. The overall incidence of seasonal influenza infection and incidence of A(H3N2) infection in children (31% and 17%, respectively) were significantly higher than those in adults (21% and 10%, respectively). The incidences of A(H1N1)pdm09 infection in children and adults were both about 10%, while the incidences of B/Victoria and/Yamagata infection in children and adults were from 2% to 4%. HI titers of 1:40 against A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses were associated with 63% and 75% protection against infections with the two subtypes, respectively.ConclusionsIn the community, we identified considerable incidence of seasonal influenza infections. A HI titer of 1:40 could be sufficient to provide 50% protection against influenza A virus infections indicated by serology.     

Rational Design of a Pan-Coronavirus Vaccine Based on Conserved CTL Epitopes

With the rapid global spread of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a safe and effective vaccine against human coronaviruses (HCoVs) is believed to be a top priority in the field of public health. Due to the frequent outbreaks of different HCoVs, the development of a pan-HCoVs vaccine is of great value to biomedical science. The antigen design is a key prerequisite for vaccine efficacy, and we therefore developed a novel antigen with broad coverage based on the genetic algorithm of mosaic strategy. The designed antigen has a potentially broad coverage of conserved cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes to the greatest extent, including the existing epitopes from all reported HCoV sequences (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2). This novel antigen is expected to induce strong CTL responses with broad coverage by targeting conserved epitopes against multiple coronaviruses.     

体素内不相干运动成像在体检测人类结肠癌SW480裸鼠耐药性

目的 探讨体素内不相干运动（IVIM）成像活体评价人类结肠癌SW480裸鼠耐药性及其可行性。方法 对耐药组（n=5）和不耐药组（n=5）人类结肠癌SW480荷瘤裸鼠于肿瘤最长径大于1.50 cm后分别行IVIM DWI检查,测量肿瘤真扩散系数（D）、假扩散系数（D^*）及灌注分数（f）。处死荷瘤鼠,检测肿瘤坏死（HE染色）、凋亡（TUNEL法）及P-糖蛋白（P-gp）、多药耐药相关蛋白1（MRP1）、蛋白激酶C（PKC）蛋白表达（Western Blot）,对IVIM参数和肿瘤蛋白表达情况进行相关分析。结果 不耐药组D较耐药组增高（P<0.05）,2组D^*和f差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。2组肿瘤组织坏死区域范围相似;耐药组细胞核较不耐药组增大,且细胞间排列更紧密,细胞密度较大。2组肿瘤细胞凋亡指数差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。耐药组PKC、P-gp、MRP1蛋白表达均较不耐药组增加（P均<0.05）。肿瘤D值与P-gp、MRP1、PKC表达均呈负相关（P均<0.05）。结论 IVIM成像参数D值可能成为评估小鼠人类结肠癌SW480耐药性的指标。     

A single center experience on the clinical utility evaluation of an insertable cardiac monitor

Background

The evaluation of insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) has been largely on the device performance and safety with only limited studies on the clinical utility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of ICM in patients with a variety of clinical presentations.

Retrospective analysis of 1,226 Chinese patients with haemophilia in a single medical centre

Haemophilia A (HA) and B (HB) are X-linked congenital disorders caused by deficiencies of Factor VIII and FIX. Being the world’s most populous country, China potentially has a large population of haemophilia patients. During the last decade, no studies have been published regarding the clinical information of haemophilia in China. A retrospective study was conducted in patients with HA and HB referred to Tianjin Haemophilia Centre between 2002 and 2012. We identified 1,226 males with haemophilia (1,019 HA and 207 HB). The results revealed that activate partial thromboplastin time was negatively correlated plasma factor level of person with haemophilia. Our data did not offer sufficient evidence of any relationship existed between disease severity and risk or site of haemorrhage. There was a trend toward a higher inhibitor incidence induced by plasma-derived factor VIII products, than by recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) alone. It seemed that second generation of rFVIII more likely developed inhibitor, and first generation of rFVIII was nevertheless more closely connected to high-titer inhibitor. We found that delay in diagnosis and blood-borne infections were significantly reduced, while the joint deformity rate did not decrease despite the wide variety of products to choose from in this decade. The development of inhibitor still remains a major challenge in replacement therapy in haemophilia.     

两例Y染色体部分缺失胎儿的产前诊断

目的对两例Y染色体部分缺失胎儿进行产前诊断。方法采用常规G显带及C显带技术分析胎儿及父亲的核型,采用荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)、染色体拷贝数变异检测技术(copy number varaition sequencing,CNV-seq)性别决定基因(sex region of Y chromosome,SRY)检测技术及无精子因子(azoospermia factor,AZF)检测技术检测胎儿DNAO结果2例胎儿羊水染色体在320〜400条带水平均提示46,XN,del(Y)(qll.2),Y染色体着丝粒探针FISH检测结果均提示Y染色体数目未见异常。2例胎儿父亲外周血染色体核型均未见明显异常。胎儿羊水DNA拷贝数检测提示一例胎儿Y染色体q 11.221-ql2处缺失12.88 Mb,涉及全部AZFb+AZFc区域;另一例胎儿Y染色体qll.21-ql2处缺失14.84 Mb,涉及全部AZF区域。2例胎儿羊水SRY基因检测提示SRY基因阳性,SKY基因编码区未检测到已报道的致病点突变。2例胎儿基因检测提示存在AZF部分或全部缺失。结论联合多种技术有助于明确诊断Y染色体结构异常。CNV-seq检测有利于快速筛查胎儿Y染色体微缺失,可做为对染色体核型分析的补充和验证的方法。     

单纯17q25.3拷贝数重复导致全面性发育迟缓和多发性先天异常一例

目的探讨单纯17q25.3拷贝数重复的临床特征、遗传方式及基因型与表型的关系。方法应用全外显子测序、染色体微阵列、染色体核型分析、荧光原位杂交技术联合对先证者及其家系成员进行分析。结果先证者为一例4岁的多发性先天异常男性患儿,表现为全面性发育迟缓、矮小、智力障碍、脑发育不良、小头、特殊面容、肌张力低下、注意力缺陷多动障碍、共济失调、骨骼和心血管异常等。全外显子测序和染色体微阵列分析鉴定其在染色体17q25.3→qter发生5.7 Mb拷贝数重复,可能为患儿致病的原因。荧光原位杂交证实先证者该拷贝数重复是遗传自携带该片段平衡易位的母亲,其外祖母和舅舅也为该片段平衡易位携带者,而小姨未见异常。结论本研究结果丰富了单纯17q25.3拷贝数重复的临床表型谱,为遗传咨询提供了依据,并初步提示了P4HB、ACTG1、BAIAP2及TBCD基因为17q25.3拷贝数重复候选基因。     

Napsin A Expression in Subtypes of Thyroid Tumors: Comparison with Lung Adenocarcinomas

Napsin A is widely used in the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma and has also been reported to be positive in cases of thyroid carcinomas. We investigated napsin A levels through immunohistochemistry on whole sections of 210 primary thyroid tumors of various subtypes and another 41 metastatic thyroid carcinomas, and compared these with 125 primary and 25 metastatic lung adenocarcinomas. The results showed that napsin A was expressed in 23.8% thyroid tumors and 30.3% papillary thyroid carcinomas. Most cases showed a focal and weak to moderate expression. In comparison, 80.8% primary lung adenocarcinomas expressed napsin A, with mostly diffused and strong expression. For metastatic carcinomas of thyroid and lung origin, napsin A was detected in 39.0% of thyroid carcinomas in contrast to 88.0% in cases of lung adenocarcinomas. Comparisons of additional markers, TTF-1, CK7, thyroglobulin, and Pax-8 in metastatic carcinomas showed the overlapping expression of immunomarkers of TTF-1 and CK7. Thyroglobulin and Pax-8 were useful for distinguishing between metastatic carcinomas; however, Pax-8 may be a superior marker due to its higher sensitivity. The clinicopathological analysis of papillary thyroid carcinomas showed that the expression of napsin A was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.030). Here, we focused on the expression of napsin A in thyroid tumors and compared it with that in lung adenocarcinomas. The expression of napsin A is common in thyroid tumors and the combined expression of napsin A and TTF-1 in a metastatic thyroid carcinoma is a cause for concern due to chances of misdiagnosis as lung adenocarcinoma.

     

黄芩素能下调诱捕受体3表达抑制肝癌干细胞的生物学行为

文题释义： 诱捕受体3：1998年Pitti在搜索表达序列标签数据库时发现一组与肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员同源的表达序列标签,诱捕受体3基因位于人染色体20q 13.3,已知此区域在人类肿瘤发生过程中与基因的扩增和重组有关。 肿瘤干细胞：与正常组织一样,肿瘤组织由处于各种不同分化程度的细胞组成,其中存在一部分独特的具有自我更新和分化功能的干细胞样亚群并将之称为肿瘤干细胞,又称肿瘤起始细胞或成瘤性癌细胞。 背景：目前尚未见有关以肝癌干细胞为靶向的中草药抗肝癌机制的报道,因此有必要展开相关研究。 目的：探讨黄芩素对肝癌干细胞诱捕受体3表达的影响,以及下调诱捕受体3表达对肝癌干细胞生物学行为的影响。 方法：按照课题组之前建立的技术方法,从肝癌细胞株(购自中国科学院上海细胞库)中获得肝癌干细胞。将肝癌干细胞分为黄芩素高、中、低剂量组以及对照组,黄芩素高、中、低剂量组分别用含200,100,50 μmol/L黄芩素的L-DMEM培养基培养,对照组仅用L-DMEM培养基培养。采用RT-PCR、Western blot检测黄芩素处理后诱捕受体3 mRNA和蛋白表达变化,采用CCK8法、流式细胞术、Transwell法检测肝癌干细胞增殖、细胞周期分布、凋亡和迁移情况。 结果与结论：①与对照组相比,高剂量黄芩素能显著下调肝癌干细胞诱捕受体3的mRNA和蛋白表达,因此确认高剂量黄芩素为最佳作用浓度;②与对照组相比,高剂量黄芩素组肝癌干细胞的增殖能力明显下降,S期和G₂期细胞比例增加,而G₁期的细胞比例则减少(P < 0.05);③与对照组相比,高剂量黄芩素组肝癌干细胞的凋亡率明显增加,迁移能力明显下降;④结果表明,高剂量黄芩素能通过下调肝癌干细胞的诱捕受体3表达而抑制细胞的一系列生物学行为,为临床上以诱捕受体3为靶点,以肝癌干细胞为对象进行肝癌治疗提供了实验依据。 ORCID: 0000-0002-6020-0616(岑妍慧) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程