注射用益气复脉(冻干)与氯化丁基胶塞相容性研究中抗氧剂和硫化剂的含量测定

目的 建立注射用益气复脉（冻干）药品中氯化丁基橡胶塞用抗氧剂2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚（BHT）和硫化剂对-特辛基苯酚的含量测定方法,并对其稳定性进行考察。方法 采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈柱,以乙腈-0.2%甲酸水为流动相梯度洗脱,体积流量0.3 mL/min,柱温35℃,检测波长280 nm。结果 BHT和对特-辛基苯酚质量浓度在0.4～20μg/mL线性关系良好（r > 0.999）;准确度试验平均回收率分别为99.3%、101.9%,精密度及耐用性结果均符合要求;注射用益气复脉（冻干）稳定性考察样品中BHT和对-特辛基苯酚含量均小于限度值。结论 所建立的方法准确可靠,可用于注射用益气复脉（冻干）中BHT和对-特辛基苯酚的含量测定。     

口腔本科实习生临床能力评价指标体系的构建

目的 构建口腔本科实习生临床能力评价指标体系,以应用于口腔本科实习生临床能力的评价,并促进整个口腔临床实践教学,提高实习生临床综合素质。 方法 本研究通过文献回顾的基础上初步构建口腔本科实习生临床能力评价指标体系,应用Delphi专家咨询法进行两轮专家咨询,筛选出口腔本科实习生临床能力评价指标体系及应用层次分析法和百分比权重法确定权重。结果 经过两轮 Delphi 专家咨询,构建了包含8个一级指标、 55个二级指标的口腔本科实习生临床能力评价指标体系并确定其权重。结论 本次研究在合理应用 Delphi 专家咨询法的基础上建立了口腔本科实习生临床能力评价指标体系,内容全面,适合应用于口腔本科实习生临床能力的评价,能较好反应出实习生的临床能力水平,有利于发现实习生在实习期间存在的问题并及时提出改进策略,对提高实习生临床能力发挥指导作用。     

2株不同序列分型耐黏菌素大肠埃希菌耐药机制分析

目的探讨2株黏菌素耐药大肠埃希菌的耐药机制。方法采用Vitek 2 Compact全自动微生物鉴定药敏系统鉴定细菌及检测常见抗菌药物敏感性,并检测菌株是否产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs);用三维试验检测菌株是否产AmpC酶;用微量肉汤稀释法测定菌株对黏菌素的最低抑菌浓度(MIC);用PCR及测序检测耐药基因;多位点序列分型(MLST)和脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分析菌株的分子分型和同源性;接合试验和S1酶切脉冲场凝胶电泳(S1-PFGE)对菌株的质粒特征进行分析。结果2株菌均对碳青霉烯类药物敏感,对黏菌素耐药,其中N408对头孢类药物耐药;PCR扩增和测序分析显示2株菌均携带mcr-1基因,且N408和N433分别携带blaCIT和blaTEM-1基因;2株菌质粒接合试验均成功,接合子均检测到mcr-1基因;MLST分析显示N408为ST453型,N433为ST8900型,PFGE显示为不同条带。S1-PFGE显示N408有2个质粒,N433有1个质粒。结论本地区已出现携带mcr-1基因黏菌素耐药大肠埃希菌,且可通过质粒在不同菌株间水平播散,应引起临床的重视,加强此类菌株的检测。     

Urinary arsenic metabolism in a Western Chinese population exposed to high-dose inorganic arsenic in drinking water: Influence of ethnicity and genetic polymorphisms

To investigate the differences in urinary arsenic metabolism patterns of individuals exposed to a high concentration of inorganic arsenic (iAs) in drinking water, an epidemiological investigation was conducted with 155 individuals living in a village where the arsenic concentration in the drinking water was 969 μg/L. Blood and urine samples were collected from 66 individuals including 51 cases with skin lesions and 15 controls without skin lesions. The results showed that monomethylated arsenic (MMA), the percentage of MMA (%MMA) and the ratio of MMA to iAs (MMA/iAs) were significantly increased in patients with skin lesions as compared to controls, while dimethylated arsenic (DMA), the percentage of DMA (%DMA) and the ratio of DMA to MMA (DMA/MMA) were significantly reduced. The percent DMA of individuals with the Ala/Asp genotype of glutathione S-transferase omega 1 (GSTO1) was significantly lower than those with Ala/Ala. The percent MMA of individuals with the A2B/A2B genotype of arsenic (+ 3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) was significantly lower than those with AB/A2B. The iAs and total arsenic (tAs) content in the urine of a Tibetan population were significantly higher than that of Han and Hui ethnicities, whereas MMA/iAs was significantly lower than that of Han and Hui ethnicities. Our results showed that when exposed to the same arsenic environment, different individuals exhibited different urinary arsenic metabolism patterns. Gender and ethnicity affect these differences and above polymorphisms may be effectors too.     

Incidence of influenza virus infections confirmed by serology in children and adult in a suburb community,northern China, 2018‐2019 influenza season

BackgroundIn mainland China, seasonal influenza disease burden at community level is unknown. The incidence rate of influenza virus infections in the community is difficult to determine due to the lack of well‐defined catchment populations of influenza‐like illness surveillance sentinel hospitals.ObjectivesWe established a community‐based cohort to estimate incidence of seasonal influenza infections indicated by serology and protection conferred by antibody titers against influenza infections during 2018‐2019 influenza season in northern China.MethodsWe recruited participants in November 2018 and conducted follow‐up in May 2019 with collection of sera every survey. Seasonal influenza infections were indicated by a 4‐fold or greater increase of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody between paired sera.ResultsTwo hundred and three children 5‐17 years of age and 413 adults 18‐59 years of age were followed up and provided paired sera. The overall incidence of seasonal influenza infection and incidence of A(H3N2) infection in children (31% and 17%, respectively) were significantly higher than those in adults (21% and 10%, respectively). The incidences of A(H1N1)pdm09 infection in children and adults were both about 10%, while the incidences of B/Victoria and/Yamagata infection in children and adults were from 2% to 4%. HI titers of 1:40 against A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses were associated with 63% and 75% protection against infections with the two subtypes, respectively.ConclusionsIn the community, we identified considerable incidence of seasonal influenza infections. A HI titer of 1:40 could be sufficient to provide 50% protection against influenza A virus infections indicated by serology.     

Rational Design of a Pan-Coronavirus Vaccine Based on Conserved CTL Epitopes

With the rapid global spread of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a safe and effective vaccine against human coronaviruses (HCoVs) is believed to be a top priority in the field of public health. Due to the frequent outbreaks of different HCoVs, the development of a pan-HCoVs vaccine is of great value to biomedical science. The antigen design is a key prerequisite for vaccine efficacy, and we therefore developed a novel antigen with broad coverage based on the genetic algorithm of mosaic strategy. The designed antigen has a potentially broad coverage of conserved cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes to the greatest extent, including the existing epitopes from all reported HCoV sequences (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2). This novel antigen is expected to induce strong CTL responses with broad coverage by targeting conserved epitopes against multiple coronaviruses.     

A single center experience on the clinical utility evaluation of an insertable cardiac monitor

Background

The evaluation of insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) has been largely on the device performance and safety with only limited studies on the clinical utility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of ICM in patients with a variety of clinical presentations.

Retrospective analysis of 1,226 Chinese patients with haemophilia in a single medical centre

Haemophilia A (HA) and B (HB) are X-linked congenital disorders caused by deficiencies of Factor VIII and FIX. Being the world’s most populous country, China potentially has a large population of haemophilia patients. During the last decade, no studies have been published regarding the clinical information of haemophilia in China. A retrospective study was conducted in patients with HA and HB referred to Tianjin Haemophilia Centre between 2002 and 2012. We identified 1,226 males with haemophilia (1,019 HA and 207 HB). The results revealed that activate partial thromboplastin time was negatively correlated plasma factor level of person with haemophilia. Our data did not offer sufficient evidence of any relationship existed between disease severity and risk or site of haemorrhage. There was a trend toward a higher inhibitor incidence induced by plasma-derived factor VIII products, than by recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) alone. It seemed that second generation of rFVIII more likely developed inhibitor, and first generation of rFVIII was nevertheless more closely connected to high-titer inhibitor. We found that delay in diagnosis and blood-borne infections were significantly reduced, while the joint deformity rate did not decrease despite the wide variety of products to choose from in this decade. The development of inhibitor still remains a major challenge in replacement therapy in haemophilia.