萘磺酰胺衍生物对细菌脂多糖诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌肿瘤坏死因子的影响

研究了6种氯代萘磺酰胺衍生物对细菌脂多糖(LPS)诱导经卡西霉素A_(23187)体外激活的巨噬细胞分泌肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)作用的影响。表明:将氯代萘磺酰胺的氨基接以亲水性不同长度碳链的胺基,所得衍生物可明显抑制LPS诱生TNF的作用;接以疏水性烷基,则可明显增强亚适剂量的LPS诱生TNF的作用,且碳链长度对化合物的作用强度有一定的影响。     

Quinone-induced DNA single strand breaks in a human colon carcinoma cell line

It has been demonstrated that synthetic quinones, such as menadione, cause DNA damage in different cell systems, possibly being mediated by free radicals generated during redox cycling. It has been suggested that the damage caused could be related to tumor induction in different sites. To our knowledge it has not yet been demonstrated that the natural quinones, vitamin K1 and K2, exert the same activity. Using a colon carcinoma cell line, HT-29, we examined the extent of DNA damage induced by menadione, vitamin K1 and K2. Menadione caused significant DNA damage at low concentrations (25-200 microM) with a linear correlation of r = 0.95. In the presence of dicoumarol, a DT-diaphorase inhibitor, the damage was detected at concentrations five times lower indicating that free radicals generated during the redox cycling play a key role. Neither vitamin K1, incorporated in micelles, nor K2 caused detectable single strand breaks with respect to the controls either in the presence or in absence of dicoumarol. Our results demonstrate that, despite their redox cycling properties, the natural forms of vitamin K do not cause DNA damage in HT-29 cells as menadione does in the experimental conditions used.      

Adnexal structures: MR imaging

Magnetic resonance (MR) images of the pelvis in 63 women (40 healthy and 23 with various adnexal diseases) were assessed retrospectively. When imaged with contiguous sections without gaps, adnexa were demonstrated bilaterally in 13 of the 15 healthy women of reproductive age, but in only seven of the 15 healthy postmenopausal women. Normal adnexa demonstrated low to medium signal intensity on images obtained with short repetition time (TR) (0.5 sec) and echo delay time (TE) (28 or 30 msec). Their signal intensity approached that of fat on images with a long TR (2.0 sec) and TE (56 or 60 msec). The adnexal origin of the pelvic masses was correctly identified in every case. Lesions containing fluid with little or no protein, fat, or blood content (simple fluid) had characteristically long T1 and T2 relaxation times and low signal intensity on images obtained with a short TR (0.5 sec) and TE (28 or 30 msec); they could be readily differentiated from all the other types of lesions.     

Radionuclide ventriculography: evaluation of automated and visual methods for regional wall motion analysis

Regional wall motion (RWM) abnormalities are sensitive indicators of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, but quantitation of RWM with gated radionuclide ventriculography (RVG) has been limited, particularly in the left anterior oblique (LAO) projection. Regional LV performance was studied in 18 patients undergoing LAO RVG immediately prior to contrast ventriculography (CVG). Wall motion was analyzed by semiautomated and visual methods using several coordinate systems. For semiautomated methods, RVG and CVG wall motion were closely related in the two 90 degrees polar sectors at the apex and posterior wall (r = .85) and in the five 45 degrees polar sectors from midseptum through posterior wall (r = .82). The basal sectors on RVG had weak relationship to CVG, due to adjacent vascular structures. Semiautomated and visual grades for polar sectors on both CVG and RVG were closely related (r = .88- .94). Measured regional wall motion on LAO RVG compared favorably with near-simultaneous CVG in nonoverlapping portions of the LV and allowed objective quantitation of regional LV performance.     

HLA-B35 alleles in 440 individuals from 16 different populations as assessed by DNA typing.

As part of the Anthropology Component, the distribution of HLA-B35 alleles (B^*3501 to 3513) was studied in 16 different populations by group specific amplification and SSOP hybridization. The results were as follows:

The predominant alleles in most Caucasian populations were 3501 > 3503 > 3502 > 3508. However, B^*3502 predominated in Jews, B^*3508 in Arabs, B^*3503 in Gypsies and Sardinians seem to have only B^*3501 and 3502. B^*3504, 3505, 3506 and 3509 were restricted to Amerindians, where there are still other new B35 variants to be characterized. In most individuals the different B35 alleles were found in phenotypic combinations with HLA-Cw4, suggesting that the B35, Cw4 haplotype may have existed before subtype diversification. A detailed analysis of HLA-B35 alleles in other populations might help to draw a precise picture of B35 evolution.     

Genetics of multiple sclerosis [published erratum appears in Hum Mol Genet 1997 Nov;6(12):2189]

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a common chronic central nervous system disease in young adults. Relative familial risk appears to be determined largely by genes while population risk is strongly influenced by environmental factors. This is supported by genetic epidemiological studies which also suggest an oligogenic inheritance of susceptibility. The HLA DRB1*1501, DQA1*0102, DQB1 0602 haplotype is associated with the disease but HLA contributes only modestly to overall susceptibility. The results of three genomic searches are concordant with the genetic epidemiology and imply a number of genes with interacting effects will be found. Importantly, no single region has been identified with a major influence on familial risk.      

Whole-body lymphangioscintigraphy: preferred method for initial assessment of the peripheral lymphatic system

In 20 patients with congenital and acquired lymphedema in either upper or lower extremities and in four patients without extremity edema, human serum albumin labeled with technetium-99m was injected intradermally into a digital web space of the hand or foot. With a digital gamma camera that permitted a "sweep" of the torso, serial extremity and whole-body lymphagioscintigraphy (LAS) of the peripheral lymphatic system was performed. In 11 patients with acquired lymphedema, a well-defined obstructive pattern was seen, characterized by discrete peripheral lymphatic trunks, delayed or absent depiction of regional nodes, and delayed but extensive soft-tissue tracer extravasation. Five of nine patients with congenital lymphedema showed hypoplasia characterized by poorly defined lymphatic trunks, delayed depiction of regional nodes, and early and extensive extravasation of tracer. The other four patients showed aplasia, with absence of trunks, no depiction of nodes, and little or no tracer extravasation. LAS is technically simple to perform and requires no special training. Radiation exposure is minuscule, and the procedure is safe and without apparent side effects. For these reasons, whole-body LAS should be the preferred method for the initial assessment of congenital or acquired lymphedema.     

Clostridium septicum septicaemia with myonecrosis

A case of fatal spontaneous gas gangrene due to Clostridium septicum septicaemia associated with an occult rectal malignancy is presented. This condition has a rapid progression and a high mortality even with prompt treatment. It is important that the radiologist considers this diagnosis in an appropriate clinical setting to allow rapid instigation of appropriate therapy.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病病情严重程度复合指数的设计与评价

背景和目的:COPD是一种因系统性效应的存在而使全身多个系统受累的多元性疾病,严重影响患者的生命质量,而且系统性效应与机体的健康状态之间还可以形成恶性循环.肺功能等单项指标(如FEV1)的检测不能全面反映COPD疾病本身对患者的影响.多项指标联合检测可以更加准确地反映COPD对机体各个方面的影响程度.已有的BODE指数和COPD预后指数因其自身设计的问题,在实际应用过程中存在一定局限性.本研究设计并评估了1个反映当前COPD病情严重程度的复合指数(DOSE指数),DOSE指数涉及的指标均具有重要的临床意义,在实际应用过程中不受病情严重程度和患者身体状况的限制,易于操作.