Cerebral oximetry in neurosurgical patients with cerebrovascular diseases. I. Analysis of causes of intraoperative changes in rSO2 values and its prognostic significance

A total of 144 neurosurgical interventions were performed in 138 patients with cerebrovascular diseases (arterial aneurysms in the acute and cold periods after a subarachnoidal hemorrhage, arteriovenous malformations, and carotid-cavernous anastomoses). Intraoperative monitoring of regional saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen in the blood flowing in brain vessels was carried out by a cerebral oximeter INVOS 3100 for early intraoperative diagnosis of cerebral ischemia. This paper analyzes factors affecting changes in rSO2 parameter during surgery and discusses the prognostic significance of the detected shifts. Various factors affected the time course of rSO2: decrease in AP within the framework of controlled arterial hypotone and other causes, insertion of autosupported retractor spatulae, temporary clipping and embolism of cerebral arteries, vasospasm, aneurysm rupture, dissection of arteriovenous malformation, etc. Any intraoperative shift of rSO2 surpassing 5%, no matter of what direction (decrease or increase), deserves special attention of anesthesiologist, as it indicates development of cerebral ischemia with a high degree of probability.     

Gastritis Promotes an Activated Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell with a Phenotype Reminiscent of a Cancer-Promoting Cell

Background

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) promote gastric cancer in response to gastritis. In culture, BM-MSCs are prone to mutation with continued passage but it is unknown whether a similar process occurs in vivo in response to gastritis.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to identify the role of chronic gastritis in the transformation of BM-MSCs leading to an activated cancer-promoting phenotype.

Methods

Age matched C57BL/6 (BL/6) and gastrin deficient (GKO) mice were used for isolation of stomach, serum and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) at 3 and 6 months of age. MSC activation was assessed by growth curve analysis, fluorescence-activated cell sorting and xenograft assays. To allow for the isolation of bone marrow-derived stromal cells and assay in response to chronic gastritis, IRG/Vav-1^Cre mice that expressed both enhanced green fluorescent protein-expressing hematopoietic cells and red fluorescent protein-expressing stromal cells were generated. In a parabiosis experiment, IRG/Vav-1^Cre mice were paired to either an uninfected Vav-1^Cre littermate or a BL/6 mouse inoculated with Helicobacter pylori.

Results

GKO mice displayed severe atrophic gastritis accompanied by elevated gastric tissue and circulating transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) by 3 months of age. Compared to BM-MSCs isolated from uninflamed BL/6 mice, BM-MSCs isolated from GKO mice displayed an increased proliferative rate and elevated phosphorylated-Smad3 suggesting active TGFβ signaling. In xenograft assays, mice injected with BM-MSCs from 6-month-old GKO animals displayed tumor growth. RFP+ stromal cells were rapidly recruited to the gastric mucosa of H. pylori parabionts and exhibited changes in gene expression.

Conclusions

Gastritis promotes the in vivo activation of BM-MSCs to a phenotype reminiscent of a cancer-promoting cell.     

Prognostic factors and efficacy of different chemotherapeutic regimens in patients with mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors

Purpose

Patients (pts) with mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (MNGCT) are belonged to poor prognostic group by IGCCCG. We retrospectively studied the prognostic factors and efficacy of different chemotherapeutic regimen in pts with MNGCT.

Methods

We analyzed data on 61 pts with MNGCT. Conditional induction chemotherapy BEP was performed in 38 %, TBEP—in 28 %, CBOP—in 28 %, accelerated (two weekly) version of BEP—in 6 % pts. Based on similar efficacy of CBOP and TBEP regimens, we combines pts with CPOB and TBEP regimen in one group—55.8 % and different variants of BEP regimen in the second group—44.2 %. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to determine independent factors, which influenced on overall survival.

Results

We revealed the following independent negative prognostic factors: age ≥24 years (p = 0.07), size of the primary mediastinal tumor ≥19 cm (p = 0.03). Median overall survival (OS) has not been reached, and 2-year OS was 66 % in pts with good prognosis (age <24 years and/or size of mediastinal tumor <19 cm) versus 15 months and 40 % in pts with poor prognosis (p = 0.03). Objective marker negative response was revealed more often in pts with CPOB/TBEP group: 26/34 (76.5 %) versus 14/27 (52 %), p = 0.08. Median OS was also higher in pts with CPOB/TBEP group: nonreached versus 15 months (p = 0.01).

Conclusion

CPOB and TBEP regimen were significantly associated with better outcome in pts with MNGCT. Age ≥24 years and size of the primary mediastinal tumor ≥19 cm were found as independent negative prognostic factors.     

难治性肾病综合征并发尿路感染的病原菌分布与耐药性分析

目的分析难治性肾病综合征并发尿路感染的病原菌分布与耐药性,为临床合理治疗提供依据。方法选取2011年10月~2014年6月于本院进行治疗的88例肾病综合征并发尿路感染患者,采集患者尿液标本进行病原学培养及药敏试验,分析病原菌分布特点与耐药性。结果大肠埃希菌比例显著高于其它病原菌,P0.05,差异具有统计学意义。大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林的耐药性显著高于其它抗生素,P0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论难治性肾病综合征并发尿路感染的最常见病原菌是大肠埃希菌,对氨苄西林有较高的耐药性,临床应根据药敏结果合理应用抗生素进行治疗。     

β‐thalassemia in the German population: Mediterranean,Asian and novel mutations

The β‐thalassemia mutations of 13 unrelated heterozygous Germans who remained unidentified in a previous study of 40 subjects were investigated at the DNA level. Two Mediterranean, one Asian and three novel mutations (CD6 ‐G, CDs 108 /112‐12nt, CDs 130/131 +GCCT) were identified. Altogether, in 30 of the 35 subjects (86%) in which a mutation in the β‐globin gene was identified, the mutation was of Mediterranean origin. The geographical distribution suggests recent migration from the Mediterranean region as cause of the high proportion of frequent Mediterranean β‐thalassemia mutations in the German population. Our results support the notion that the majority of β‐thalassemia genes in the western and central European population are of Mediterranean origin. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

痰热清注射液对产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌的体外抑制作用

目的观察产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌在体外对中药痰热清注射液以及其与特治星（哌拉西林/他唑巴坦）联合应用的效果,为耐药菌株的治疗提供新的思路。方法采用临床和实验室标准化协会（CLSI）推荐的肉汤稀释法,中药及中西药联合应用对产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌进行抑菌试验。结果痰热清注射液对产ESBLs的肺炎克雷伯菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）值为750μL/mL;特治星对产ESBLs的肺炎克雷伯菌的MIC值为28.125μg/mL,当痰热清注射液与特治星同时作用于产ESBLs的肺炎克雷伯菌,痰热清注射液浓度为0.001~1.758μL/mL时,可以使特治星的用量比单用时减少1~2倍。结论中西药联合应用具有明显的抑菌效果,可以显著的减少抗菌药物的用量,这对于耐药菌的临床治疗以及减少耐药菌株的产生具有一定的意义。     

Comparative Study of Tumor Targeting and Biodistribution of pH (Low) Insertion Peptides (pHLIP<Superscript>®</Superscript> Peptides) Conjugated with Different Fluorescent Dyes

Purpose

Acidification of extracellular space promotes tumor development, progression, and invasiveness. pH (low) insertion peptides (pHLIP^® peptides) belong to the class of pH-sensitive membrane peptides, which target acidic tumors and deliver imaging and/or therapeutic agents to cancer cells within tumors.

Procedures

Ex vivo fluorescent imaging of tissue and organs collected at various time points after administration of different pHLIP^® variants conjugated with fluorescent dyes of various polarity was performed. Methods of multivariate statistical analyses were employed to establish classification between fluorescently labeled pHLIP^® variants in multidimensional space of spectral parameters.

Results

The fluorescently labeled pHLIP^® variants were classified based on their biodistribution profile and ability of targeting of primary tumors. Also, submillimeter-sized metastatic lesions in lungs were identified by ex vivo imaging after intravenous administration of fluorescent pHLIP^® peptide.

Conclusions

Different cargo molecules conjugated with pHLIP^® peptides can alter biodistribution and tumor targeting. The obtained knowledge is essential for the design of novel pHLIP^®-based diagnostic and therapeutic agents targeting primary tumors and metastatic lesions.

     

1294例女性高危型人乳头瘤病毒基因分型结果回顾性分析

目的了解北京地区妇科门诊就诊女性高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的感染及其基因亚型分布情况,为该市今后防治人乳头瘤病毒感染和宫颈癌提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2014年5月该院妇科门诊就诊的1 294例女性宫颈拭子的13种高危型HPV基因分型检测结果,比较不同基因型的流行病学特点。采用SPSS17.0对数据进行统计学分析。结果 1 294例妇科门诊就诊女性中,以58型、16型和52型HPV最为常见,检出率分别为10.5%、9.2%和8.2%。各年龄段就诊女性中,30~40岁的HPV感染率最高(39.9%),其次为40~50岁、大于或等于60岁,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论该地区妇科门诊就诊女性高危型HPV感染率较高,应加强HPV筛查力度,为今后HPV相关疾病的防治提供基础依据。     

石家庄市老年人遗忘型轻度认知功能障碍患病率及危险因素抽样研究

目的 探讨部分石家庄市老年人的遗忘型轻度认知功能障碍（aMCI）的患病率及危险因素。方法 采取方便抽样的方法,对石家庄市3所社区卫生服务中心和1家老年养护院的1614例60岁以上老人进行调查。采用简易智能精神状态量表（MMSE）、蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）、听觉词语学习测验量表（AVLT）、数字广度测验量表（DST)、波士顿命名测验量表（BNT）、连线测验量表（TMT）、画钟试验、动物流畅性试验以及日常生活能力量表（ADL）对受试者的整体认知功能,记忆、语言、注意、视觉空间、执行功能等认知领域以及日常活动能力进行评估。计算aMCI的患病率,采用Logistic回归分析aMCI患病的相关危险因素。结果 抽样部分石家庄市老年人aMCI患病率是16.11%,而且不同年龄、性别、职业、教育程度以及婚姻状况的老年人其aMCI患病率差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。年龄、性别、婚姻状况和教育程度是aMCI的影响因素。结论 高龄、女性、无配偶者以及文化程度低的老年人是aMCI患病的高危人群,应该重点对以上人群做好早期干预。