腔隙性脑梗死的MRI与CT的诊断价值

目的:探讨腔隙性脑梗死的影像学特点及其临床意义,比较MRI和CT的诊断价值。方法:对120例经临床、MRI诊断明确为腔隙性脑梗死患者的病灶形态大小、部位、数量进行统计。结果:①120例行MRI检查患者共发现病灶890个,最多见于豆状核(占40.8%),其次为放射冠、丘脑、内囊、尾状核、桥脑,可为圆形、椭圆形、条索状病灶。②32例既做CT,又做MRI患者中,MRI检出的病灶数为CT的5.1倍,其中绝大多数CT漏检病灶直径≤5mm或位于幕下。结论:①腔隙性脑梗死常为多发,且第一次临床发病时多数患者颅内已存在无症状性腔隙性脑梗死病灶;②腔隙性脑梗死灶易为CT忽略,尤其是幕下病灶或≤5mm的病灶,这是造成既往文献报道腔隙性脑梗死好发部位差异较大的一个主要原因;③尽管腔隙性脑梗死病灶较小(≤10mm),但大部分(60.0%)急性期存在在周边水肿,需要相应的临床治疗。     

Correlates of lifetime suicide attempts among individuals with affective disorders in a Chinese rural community.

The aim of this study was to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals with affective disorders who had attempted suicide at some time in their lives and those who had not made a suicide attempt. In a Chinese rural community, individuals with suicide attempt (N = 30) and those without suicide attempt (N = 166) were assessed with Present State Examination (PSE). Attempters had a significantly higher level of family economic status, higher rate of lifetime depressed mood and hopelessness, and delusions than nonattempters. The logistic regression models also indicated that depressed mood and hopelessness were the most important predictors of suicide attempts. No significant difference in treatment condition was found between attempters and non-attempters. Early identification and interventions focusing on reducing depressed mood, hopelessness, and controlling psychotic symptoms may be helpful in reducing the risk of suicide attempts among individuals with affective disorders residing in the community.     

白内障超声乳化术后角膜地形图和屈光状态的观察

目的　观察白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术后 ,患者角膜地形图和屈光状态的变化。方法　对2 0 0 0年～ 2 0 0 1年行白内障超声乳化的 136例 (15 1只眼 )患者术前、术后随访一年的资料进行回顾性分析。结果　术后 1、3、6、12月术眼的球镜、散光、角膜地形图曲率和散光 sim k值统计结果无明显差异 ;术后 1～ 12月视力和屈光状态稳定 (方差分析 P >0 .0 5 )。术后 6月平均视力为 0 .5 9± 0 .2 3,矫正视力为 0 .82± 0 .19,术后 6月 ,球镜为 (-0 .2 4± 0 .88) D,散光为 (- 0 .5 6± 1.0 1) D,在± 1.0 D之内球镜和散光眼分别为 84.0 %和 6 4.0 % ,≥ 0 .5和≥ 0 .8的视力分别为 70 .0 %和 2 8.0 % ,≥ 0 .5和≥ 0 .8的矫正视力分别为 94.0 %和 72 .0 %。≥ 0 .5和≥ 0 .8裸眼视力和矫正视力的平均百分率分别由 6 1.96 %和 2 3.49%提高到配镜矫正后的 92 .35 %和 6 3.0 9%。结论　超声乳化术后角膜形态和屈光状态保持良好的稳定性 ,患者可以达到良好的视力。由于植入的人工晶状体无调节功能和测量误差 ,目前部分患者需要配戴较低度数的眼镜矫正远或近视力 ,达到更好的视觉效果。     

Klippel-Feil syndrome plus atretic meningocele in one identical twin and anencephaly in the other.

Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is a heterogeneous entity, characterized by specific congenital anomalies of segmentation of the cervical spine. We report a case of KFS plus atretic meningocele in one identical twin and anencephaly in the other. These identical twins were both male with no chromosome defect. One of them had anencephaly diagnosed at the gestational age of 17 weeks and died soon after birth, whereas the co-twin had KFS with multiple congenital anomalies including short neck with low hairline, occipital atretic meningocele, butterfly vertebrae, hemivertebrae, cervico-thoracic scoliosis, left thumb preaxial polydactyly, and right undescended testis. He received rehabilitation during infancy and could walk at the age of 15 months. Both of these infants had preaxial polydactyly, which is an uncommon anomaly associated with KFS. In conclusion, iniencephaly and anencephaly are probably the extreme manifestations of KFS rather than different dysraphisms. Prompt clinical suspicion with early diagnostic imaging for spine lesions and occult opening of neural tube is mandatory for further intervention and rehabilitation.     

End-of-life Models and Emergency Department Care

Many people die in emergency departments (EDs) across the United States from sudden illnesses or injuries, an exacerbation of a chronic disease, or a terminal illness. Frequently, patients and families come to the ED seeking lifesaving or life-prolonging treatment. In addition, the ED is a place of transition-patients usually are transferred to an inpatient unit, transferred to another hospital, or discharged home. Rarely are patients supposed to remain in the ED. Currently, there is an increasing amount of literature related to end-of-life care. However, these end-of-life care models are based on chronic disease trajectories and have difficulty accommodating sudden-death trajectories common in the ED. There is very little information about end-of-life care in the ED. This article explores ED culture and characteristics, and examines the applicability of current end-of-life care models.     

钡灌肠和CT及MRI对结直肠癌诊断的比较影像学研究

目的比较钡灌肠(BE)、计算机X线断层扫描(CT)和磁共振成像(MRI)对结直肠癌检查的临床价值。方法对64例经临床拟诊结直肠癌患者的影像学资料进行对比分析。结果64例患者中39例行BE检查,31例行螺旋CT检查,42例行MRI检查。其中经手术病理证实的结直肠癌54例。BE、CT和MRI对结直肠癌检查的敏感度分别为96.9%、96.2%和97.1%;准确度分别为92.3%、83.9%和90.5%。CT和MRI对结直肠癌T分期诊断的准确度分别为73.1%和82.9%。结论BE是结直肠癌的基本影像学检查方法,CT和MRI是BE必要的补充检查手段,BE加MRI是诊断结直肠癌的优选组合检查方法。     

不同临床和病理分型对肝门部胆管癌切除术预后的影响

目的 研究临床和病理分型与肝门部胆管癌切除术疗效的关系。方法总结1993年至2004年在解放军总医院肝胆外科手术切除的肝门部胆管癌198例病例资料。结果临床分型Ⅰ型34例，Ⅱ型60例，Ⅲa型27例，Ⅲb型33例，Ⅳ型19例，Ⅴa型6例。Ⅴb型19例。病理高分化腺癌35例，中分化腺癌52例，低分化腺癌54例，三者的中位生存期分别为29．5、11、5．5个月；病理切缘阴性者与切缘阳性者生存率有显著性差异（P 〈0．05）。手术并发症出现率41．4％，围手术期死亡1例。结论肝门部胆管癌根据临床分型进行相应的手术治疗；病理切缘阴性是影响预后的主要因素之一；围手术期正确处理，是减少手术并发症，提高患者生活质量和延长生存期的关键。     

丙丁酚对载脂蛋白E~(-/-)小鼠主动脉粥样硬化病变及病变处凝集素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体1表达的影响

目的观察丙丁酚对载脂蛋白E-/-小鼠主动脉粥样硬化斑块形成及主动脉凝集素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体1表达的影响,以探讨丙丁酚调节血脂以外的可能的抗动脉粥样硬化作用机制。方法将21只4周龄的雄性载脂蛋白E-/-小鼠随机分成基础饮食对照组、高脂饮食对照组和高脂饮食加丙丁酚组