THE INJECTION TREATMENT OF VARICOSE VEINS.

The injection treatment of varicose veins is by no means a new method. In recent years, however, so many new chemicals have been introduced and the technique has been so greatly modified and improved, that a comprehensive review of the subject may not be amiss. A careful search of the medilcal literature reveals that, as early as 1353, Chassaignac (1) suggested the obliteration of varicose veins by the injection of perchIoride of in:n and in 1855, Degrariges (1) used an iodotannic solution. Later, English (1) of Vienna used a five pei cent alcohol solution for injection. Weinhemere (1) used ferriC chloride and reported 32 cases with go d results.     

甲基维生素B12对大鼠自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的治疗及溶血磷脂酸水平的影响

研究实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎 (EAE)及甲基维生素B12治疗中溶血磷脂酸 (LPA)水平的变化。通过注射豚鼠脊髓匀浆和完全弗氏佐剂诱导大鼠发生EAE。用有机溶剂提取、并进一步分离 ,最终用定磷方法测定甲基维生素B12治疗的EAE大鼠血浆及脑溶血磷脂水平 ,未经治疗的EAE大鼠为对照组。发现甲基维生素B12治疗组EAE大鼠与未经治疗EAE大鼠比较 ,恢复期脑与血浆LPA水平增高 ,分别为 30 2 3± 11 5 9μmol L血浆、2 45 4 5±144 89nmol g脑和 9 2 7± 3 2 5 μmol L血浆、5 6 33± 5 6 6nmol g脑 (P <0 0 5 ) ;急性期血浆的LPA增高 ,分别为 10 0 5± 1 70 μmol L血浆和 1 87± 0 5 9μmol L血浆 (P <0 0 5 )。溶血磷脂酸可能参与自身免疫性脑脊髓炎髓鞘的恢复过程。     

Involution of the sheep mammary gland

Changes in the ovine mammary gland epithelium during initiated involution were studied by light and electron microscopy. Apoptosis of the duct and alveolar epithelial cells was first identified at 2 d after weaning, reached a peak at 4 d and then progressed gradually thereafter. Apoptotic cells were phagocytosed by intraepithelial macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells. Occasional apoptotic epithelial cells were observed in the alveolar and duct lumina. The highly vacuolated cells in the alveolar and duct lumina were confirmed to be macrophages as they were CD45⁺, MHC class II⁺. Changes in myoepithelial cells involved shrinkage and extension of cytoplasmic processes into the underlying stroma and no apoptosis was observed. Regression of the blood capillaries was also by apoptosis. The resulting apoptotic bodies were either taken up by adjacent endothelial cells or were shed into the capillary lumen to be phagocytosed later by mural endothelial cells or blood monocytes. The mammary glands were completely involuted by 30 d after weaning. It was concluded that the mammary gland involutes by apoptosis, a process which allows deletion of cells without the loss of the basic architecture and the integrity of the epithelial lining of the gland.     

Interferon-α is a Potent Inhibitor of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor-Stimulated Cell Proliferation in Human Uterine Cells

PROBLEM: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a significant health problem for many women and is the number-one reason for performing hysterectomy in the United States. Leiomyomas (uterine fibroids) are benign neoplams that are a frequent cause of abnormal uterine bleeding. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of the anti-angiogenic cytokine, interferon (INF)-α, on the proliferation of both leiomyoma and normal uterine cells. METHOD OF STUDY: Primary cultures of leiomyoma, myometrial, and endometrial stromal cells were established for in vitro study. The effects of INF-α (10, 100, and 1000 U/ml) were tested on serum-stimulated and basic fibroblast growth factor-stimulated cell proliferation using the [³H]thymidine incorporation assay. RESULTS: INF-α was a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation for all three cell types, with endometrial stromal cells showing the greatest sensitivity. The antiproliferative effect did not appear to result from toxic effects on the cells. CONCLUSION: INFs may prove to be useful therapeutic agents for the treatment of leiomyoma-related abnormal uterine bleeding.     

Effect of an ergonomic intervention involving workstation adjustments on musculoskeletal pain in office workers—a randomized controlled clinical trial

Office workers remain in a awkward position for long periods, which can lead to musculoskeletal symptoms. Ergonomic guidelines are recommended to avoid such problems. Evidence of the long-term effectiveness of ergonomic interventions is scarce. The aim of this randomised controlled trial was to compare pain intensity among office workers who received an ergonomic intervention and a control group before as well as 12, 24, and 36 wk after the intervention. Workers were randomly allocated to a control group (CG) and experimental group (EG). The EG received an ergonomic workstation intervention. Furniture measurements were related to individual anthropometric measurements to identify mismatches. The outcome was pain intensity, which was determined using a numerical pain scale and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. A linear mixed model was created with pain intensity as the dependent variable. Group and time were the independent variables. No significant interactions were found between group and time. Significant differences between groups were found for the pain intensity in the neck, shoulder, upper back, and wrist/hand (p<0.05), with lower intensity in the EG. The intervention reduced pain intensity in the neck, shoulder, upper back, and wrist/hand. However, no reduction in pain intensity was found for the lower back or elbow.     

Effects of Hepatic Inducers on Testicular Epoxide-Metabolizing Enzymes in the Rat and Mouse

Effects of Hepatic Inducers on Testicular Epoxide-MetabolizingEnzymes in the Rat and Mouse. DIBIASIO, K. W., SILVA, M. H.,HAMMOCK B. D., AND SHULL, L. R. (1989). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.12, 449–459. Testicular toxicants have become of increasingimportance, necessitating a better understanding of the possiblerole of testicular xenobiotic metabolism. The responsivenessof testicular microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH), cytosolicepoxide hydrolase (cEH), and cytosolic glutathione S-transferase(cGST to hepatic inducers was studied in sexually mature maleF344 rats and CD-1 mice. The hepatic inducers employed werephenobarbital (PB), ß-naphthoflavone (BNF), and butylatedhydcoxyanisole (BHA) which are known to induce cytochrome P-450,cytochrome P-448, and cGST, respectively. Hepatic mEH, cEH,and cGST activities were assessed as positive controls. Measurableactivities of all enzymes studied were present in the testesof both rats and mice. PB, BNF, and BHA produced the expectedeffects on mEH, cEH, and cGST in rat and mouse livers, whereasthe testes were generally nonresponsive to the inducers. Inductionof testicular cGST by PB occurred in mice but not rats and wasthe only testicular effect produced by the hepatic inducersin this study.     

Degeneration of the Rat and Canine Adrenal Cortex Caused by {alpha}-(1,4-Dioxido-3-methylquinoxalin-2-yl)-N-methylnitrone (DMNM)

Degeneration of the Rat and Canine Adrenal Cortex Caused by-(1,4-Dioxido-3-methylquin-oxalin-2-yl)-.Nmethylnitrone (DMNM).YARRINGTON, J. T., LOUDY, D. E., SPRINKLE, D. J., GIBSON, J.P., WRIGHT, C. L, and JOHNSTON, J. O. (1985). Fundam. Appl.Toxicol. 5, 370–381. The antibacterial druga -(1,4-dioxido-3-methylquinoxalin-2-yl)-N-methylnitrone(DMNM) given at a dose of 22.5 mg/kg bid to four dogs for 14days caused diminished adrenal cortical reserves as determinedby decreased plasma cortisol (three dogs) and lower aldosteronelevels (four dogs) following the intravenous infusion of ACTH.A dose of 100 mg/kg/day of DMNM administered to rats for 31or 35 days resulted in significant decreases in blood glucose.Histologically, the adrenal glands of both species treated withDMNM for a maximum period of 21 days (dogs) and 35 days (rats)had widespread granular and vacuolar degeneration of the cortex.This degeneration in treated rats began in the zona reticularisand inner regions of the zona fasciculata and eventually involvedthe entire cortex including the zona glomerulosa. As a resultof treatment, significant ultrastructural alterations withincells of the rat and canine adrenal cortex consisted of degenerationof the mitochondria and an increase in the numbers and lipolysisof lipid droplets. The ultrastructure of the zona reticularisand fasciculata was most severely affected.