以前臂内侧皮神经及营养血管为蒂筋膜皮瓣的应用解剖

目的:为带前臂内侧皮神经及其营养血管筋膜皮瓣提供形态学基础。方法:在32侧成人上肢标本上,观测前臂内侧皮神经营养血管及其周围皮肤的供血情况。结果:前臂内侧皮神经近侧的血供来源于尺侧返动脉混合肌皮支,起始处外径为0.8mm,穿出筋膜前长度为1.1cm;中段主要来自尺动脉近中段和远中段的粗大皮支,起始处外径均为0.7mm,穿出深筋膜前长度均为1.0cm;远侧有尺动脉腕上皮支,起始处外径为0.9mm,穿出深筋膜前长为2.6cm。其神经旁血管网与神经皮(穿)支及神经内血管广泛吻合组成了皮神经血管轴。结论:可设计成带前臂内侧皮神经及营养血管为蒂筋膜皮瓣,顺行或逆行转位修复邻近部位的软组织缺损。     

Amygdala hyperactivation and prefrontal hypoactivation in subjects with cognitive vulnerability to depression

The hopelessness theory (HT) of depression is a diathesis-stress theory which construes cognitive vulnerability (CV) to depression. Neuroimaging studies examining depression have implicated the amygdala as an important potential locus of dysfunction in the processing of salient threatening stimuli. However, little is known about neural activation in the brain of subjects with CV to depression. Medication-free major depressive disorder (MDD) subjects (N=29), never depressed subjects with CV (N=26), and demographically matched never depressed healthy control (HC) subjects (N=31) were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing an emotional matching task. The MDD subjects showed elevated left amygdala responses and reduced left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) activation levels relative to HC subjects. Similarly, CV subjects had greater activity in the amygdala bilaterally and lesser activation in the dlPFC bilaterally, relative to HC subjects. The present findings raise the possibility that cognitive vulnerability to depression might be characterized by hypoactivation of the prefrontal cortex and hyperactivation of the amygdala in response to emotional stimuli; our observations might provide a potential interpretation to explain the abnormalities in neural networks mediating cognitive modulation of emotions in individuals with cognitive vulnerability to depression.     

A small homozygous microdeletion of 15q13.3 including the CHRNA7 gene in a girl with a spectrum of severe neurodevelopmental features

A broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders with variable expressivity has been reported to be associated with 15q13.3 heterozygous microdeletions. Using oligonucleotide-based array-CGH analysis, we identified a small homozygous 15q13.3 deletion in a 6-year-old girl with significant global developmental delay, severe hypotonia, cortical visual impairment, staring spell seizure, and abnormal electroencephalogram. She inherited this deletion from both parents, each of them being a heterozygous carrier. With a minimum size of 410 kb, it is the smallest 15q13.3 homozygous microdeletion reported to date and contains only the CHRNA7 gene. By comparing the phenotype of our patient with that of the other four previously reported cases with larger homozygous or compound heterozygous deletions, we conclude that patients with homozygous deletion of 15q13.3 have consistent clinical features and loss of CHRNA7 gene alone is sufficient to cause the majority of clinical features found in these patients.     

创伤应激与肝细胞凋亡

创伤会使机体产生应激,在多种因素作用下,可能促使细胞凋亡导致病理损伤,创伤应激致细胞凋亡的机制复杂,仍有很多存在争议的问题,尤其是对那些非神经系统器官而言.临床上很多肝脏疾病均受应激因素的影响,导致肝细胞凋亡而产生肝损伤.目前应激损害研究主要集中在应激对心理造成的损害,而对肝、脑、肺、肾等实质脏器的损害研究不多,机制尚不明确.肝脏是人体新陈代谢的总枢纽,是严重应激损伤的核心靶器官,受创伤应激后的应激性高血糖、钙超载、氧化应激、缺血再灌注、炎性损伤和免疫抑制等因素影响,可发生肝细胞凋亡等病理性损害,故研究创伤应激与肝细胞凋亡的内在联系具有重要意义.     

β2AR、β-arrestin2、NF-κB p65在溃疡性结肠炎大鼠中的表达及乌梅丸的干预作用

目的:检测溃疡性结肠炎大鼠在药物治疗前后β2AR、β-arrestin2、NF-κB p65的表达水平.方法:SD大鼠随机分为4组:空白组、模型组、美沙拉秦西药组和乌梅丸中药组.模型成功建立后空白组和模型组以生理盐水3 mL灌胃,美沙拉秦组用50 g/L的美沙拉秦混悬液50mg/100 g灌胃,乌梅丸组给予0.515g/mL的乌梅丸液3 mL灌胃,各组均连续给药15 d后,取脾脏和结肠组织分别用Western blot法和免疫组织化学法检测β2AR、β-arrestin2、NF-κBp65的表达.结果:在正常组织中β2AR、β-arrestin2的表达较多(15.28%±1.71%,15.28%±1.58%),模型组二者的表达明显下降(12.54%±1.28%,12.67%±1.42%),经治疗后,乌梅丸组和美沙拉秦组中二者的表达显著增加(16.27%±1.40%,16.18%±1.12%;17.05%±1.48%,16.77%±1.40%),免疫组织化学法检测显示表达率有统计学意义.而NF-κB p65在正常组织中表达较少,模型组NF-κB p65的表达明显增加(17.79%±1.24%),经药物治疗后其在乌梅丸组和美沙拉秦组中表达明显下降(16.61%±1.42%,15.39%±1.21%),免疫组织化学法检测显示表达率有统计学意义.结论:对于溃疡性结肠炎的治疗,乌梅丸和美沙拉秦均有明显疗效.     

对开设慢性病护士门诊需求的调查研究

目的探讨开设慢性病护士门诊的可行性及成效;健康素养对慢性病的作用及影响。方法自行设计问卷调查表,对206例慢性病患者对护士门诊相关知识、护理需求进行问卷调查,并对调查结果进行分析。结果206例慢性病患者在护士门诊就诊前后相关知识的知晓程度差异有显著意义(P0.005);健康素养等因素对护理需求的影响有差异性(P0.05);205例(99.5%)就诊者认为通过该门诊的服务,相关的慢性病知识有所掌握,护理需求得到较好满足。结论开设慢性病护士门诊,尤其是将健康素养理念运用到该门诊中,形成以健康素养为切入点的工作模式,能提高慢性病患者的健康素养水平及满足其多元化需求;其既能与医生门诊形成很好的互补,又能充分发挥高年资、高职称护士的潜能。     

Computer-aided diagnosis of intracranial hematoma with brain deformation on computed tomography

Physicians evaluate computed tomography (CT) of the brain to quantitatively and qualitatively identify various types of intracranial hematomas for patients with neurological emergencies. We propose a novel method that can perform this task in a totally automatic fashion, based on a multiresolution binary level set method. The skull regions are segmented in downsized images generated with a maximum filter. The intracranial regions are located using the average gray levels and connectivity. These regions compose the regions of interest (ROIs) for segmenting the hematoma from the normal brain. The gray levels of the voxels within these ROIs are generated with an averaging filter in a multiresolution fashion. After identifying the candidate hematoma voxels using adaptive thresholds and connectivity, binary level set algorithm is applied repeatedly until the original resolution is reached. We apply our method to non-volumetric non-contrast CT images of 15 surgically proven intracranial hematomas and the results were quantitatively evaluated by a human expert. The correlation coefficient between the volumes measured manually and automatically is 0.97. The overlap metrics ranged from 0.97 to 0.74, with an average of 0.88. The average precision and recall are 0.89 and 0.87, respectively. We use decision rules to classify these hematomas and were able to make correct diagnoses in all cases.