血浆置换联合胎肝细胞悬液治疗重型肝炎

目的 :评价中间型人工肝支持系统治疗重型肝炎的疗效。方法 :对 138例重型肝炎患者进行血浆置换联合胎肝细胞悬液治疗 ,5 6例重型肝炎患者采用血浆置换治疗 ,另 48例重型肝炎患者采用胎肝细胞悬液治疗。观察血浆置换联合胎肝细胞悬液治疗患者治疗前后肝功能、氨基酸谱及心肌酶学变化。比较血浆置换联合胎肝细胞悬液治疗与单用血浆置换或胎肝细胞悬液治疗的疗效。结果 :血浆置换联合胎肝细胞悬液治疗较单用血浆置换或胎肝细胞悬液治疗能更有效提高重型肝炎患者好转存活率 ,改善肝功能 ,提高支链氨基酸 (BCAA) /芳香氨基酸 (AAA)比值 ,改善心肌酶学。结论 :血浆置换联合胎肝细胞悬液可有效治疗重型肝炎。     

网格定位器在腰椎椎体成形术中的应用

目的比较网格优化椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)与传统PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年5月至2019年5月北部战区总医院脊柱外科收治196例腰椎单节段行PVP治疗患者的临床资料,根据手术方法不同分为网格优化组(102例)和传统PVP组(94例)。网格优化组:男38例、女64例,年龄(67.3±8.5)岁,病程(2.3±1.2)d,L1椎体59例、L2椎体31例、L3椎体8例、L4椎体3例、L5椎体1例。传统PVP组:男26例、女68例,年龄(71.5±5.6)岁,病程(2.1±1.1)d,L1椎体52例、L2椎体33例、L3椎体7例、L4椎体2例。术前按两组不同方法选择最佳穿刺点及穿刺角度,完成穿刺后置入导丝及工作通道,推入骨水泥,术毕。主要观察指标为手术时间、术中X线透视次数、骨水泥注入量、骨水泥渗漏情况,以及疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、伤椎前缘和伤椎中缘高度。结果两组患者术前一般资料的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),证明两组患者的基线资料具有可比性。所有患者均顺利完成手术,术中、术后均未出现脊髓神经损伤、切口感染、肺栓塞、死亡等严重并发症。网格优化组患者手术时间(34.8±6.5)min、透视次数(29.5±5.5)次、骨水泥注入量(5.3±2.1)ml、骨水泥渗透率3.9%(4/98)均优于传统PVP组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。网格优化组术后第3天、3个月及末次随访时VAS评分分别为(1.1±0.6)分、(1.0±0.3)分和(0.9±0.2)分,均优于传统PVP组(P<0.05)。两组患者术后第3天伤椎前缘及中缘高度的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但网格优化组术后3个月伤椎前缘和中缘高度分别为(1.8±0.4)mm、(1.8±0.3)mm,末次随访时分别为(1.7±0.3)mm、(1.7±0.3)mm,均优于传统PVP组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论相比传统PVP手术,术前应用网格定位器进行网格优化PVP手术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折更安全、有效。     

Safety and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine,Qiaoshao formula,combined with dapoxetine in the treatment of premature ejaculation: An open-label,real-life,retrospective multicentre study in Chinese men

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Chinese medicine, Qiaoshao formula combined with dapoxetine was used for the treatment of premature ejaculation in a real-life setting. Nine hundred and five males diagnosed with premature ejaculation were reviewed in this retrospective cohort study. We divided the patients into two groups: dapoxetine alone and Qiaoshao formula combined with dapoxetine according to actual interventions provided to patients in clinics. The perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time and the premature ejaculation profile measures markedly improved in both groups. However, in men with severe premature ejaculation (baseline perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time <1 min) and those with baseline age ≤30 years, the perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time was slightly but significantly longer with combined therapy than with dapoxetine alone (p < .05). Therefore, combined therapy involving the Qiaoshao formula and dapoxetine proved to safe as well as effective for treating premature ejaculation while prolonging the perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time, which significantly improved the overall satisfaction of the patient and likely that of the couple.     

Clinicopathological characteristics,prognosis, and chemosensitivity in patients with metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma

PurposeTo investigate the clinical characteristics, chemosensitivity, and outcome of metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).Patients and MethodsRecords of patients with metastatic UTUC since January 2005 were retrieved from a database that included clinical and survival data. Statistical analyses including survival and multivariate analyses of factors were respectively performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsA total of 250 consecutive UTUC cases were evaluated. There were 56 patients (22.4%) with initially diagnosed stage IV disease. The most common metastatic sites were lung (39.6%), distant lymph nodes (39.2%), bone (19.6%), liver (18.0%), and adrenal gland (7.2%), respectively, and the local recurrence rate was 10.4%. Two hundred thirteen patients received first-line chemotherapy. The overall response rate was only 28.7% and the median progression-free survival time was only 5.0 months. The overall survival time of the cohort was 18.0 months. Multivariate analyses showed that initially diagnosed stage IV disease, number of metastatic organs ≥3, no response to chemotherapy and cycles of chemotherapy ≤2 were adverse prognosticators for overall survival.ConclusionUTUC presented to be more prone to metastasize than locally recur and thought to have low chemosensitivity. Stage IV disease at initial diagnosis, number of metastatic organs, response and cycles of chemotherapy were independent prognosticators for metastatic UTUC.     

Short- and Long-Term Outcome after Emergent Cardiac Surgery during Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate short- and long-term outcomes of patients who required emergent conversion from transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) to open surgery. Besides, the reasons and procedural settings of emergent cardiac surgery (ECS) were also reported.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the patients who underwent TAVI in our institution between 2012 and 2019 and collected the clinical data of cases who converted from TAVI to bail-out surgery. Telephone and outpatient follow-ups were performed.Results: Of 516 TAVI patients, 20 required ECS, and the bail-out surgery occurred less frequently with the increase in TAVI volume. The most common reason for conversion was left ventricular perforation (7/20, 35.0%). Thirty-day mortality was 35.0% in ECS patients. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that the cumulative survival rate was 65.0% at 1 year, 50.1% at 5 years in all ECS patients, and 77.1% at 5 years in patients who survived over 30 days after conversion.Conclusion: Although the bail-out operation was performed immediately after TAVI abortion, ECS still associated with high 30-day mortality. The long-term survival benefit was seen in patients surviving from bail-out surgery. An experienced TAVI team is of crucial importance in avoiding ECS-related life-threatening complications and providing effective salvage surgery.     

Mutation profile and its correlation with clinicopathology in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer worldwide. Although many studies have focused on oncogene characteristics, the genomic landscape of Chinese HCC patients has not been fully clarified.MethodsA total of 165 HCC patients, including 146 males and 19 females, were enrolled. The median age was 55 years (range, 27–78 years). Corresponding clinical and pathological information was collected for further analysis. A total of 168 tumor tissues from these patients were selected for next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based 450 panel gene sequencing. Genomic alterations including single nucleotide variations (SNV), short and long insertions and deletions (InDels), copy number variations, and gene rearrangements were analyzed. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was measured by an algorithm developed in-house. The top quartile of HCC was classified as TMB high.ResultsA total of 1,004 genomic alterations were detected from 258 genes in 168 HCC tissues. TMB values were identified in 160 HCC specimens, with a median TMB of 5.4 Muts/Mb (range, 0–28.4 Muts/Mb) and a 75% TMB of 7.7 Muts/Mb. The most commonly mutated genes were TP53, TERT, CTNNB1, AXIN1, RB1, TSC2, CCND1, ARID1A, and FGF19. SNV was the most common mutation type and C:G>T:A and guanine transformation were the most common SNVs. Compared to wild-type patients, the proportion of Edmondson grade III–IV and microvascular invasion was significantly higher in TP53 mutated patients (P<0.05). The proportion of tumors invading the hepatic capsule was significantly higher in TERT mutated patients (P<0.05). The proportion of Edmondson grade I-II, alpha fetoprotein (AFP) <25 µmg/L, and those without a history of hepatitis B was significantly higher in CTNNB1 mutated patients (P<0.05). CTNNB1 mutations were associated with TMB high in HCC patients (P<0.05). Based on correlation analysis, the mutation of TP53 was independently correlated with microvascular invasion (P=0.002, OR =3.096) and Edmondson grade III–IV (P=0.008, OR =2.613). The mutation of TERT was independently correlated with tumor invasion of the liver capsule (P=0.001, OR =3.030), and the mutation of CTNNB1 was independently correlated with AFP (<25 µmg/L) (P=0.009, OR =3.414).ConclusionsThe most frequently mutated genes of HCC patients in China were TP53, TERT, and CTNNB1, which mainly lead to the occurrence and development of HCC by regulating the P53 pathway, Wnt pathway, and telomere repair pathway. There were more patients with microvascular invasion and Edmondson III–IV grade in TP53 mutated patients and more patients with hepatic capsule invasion in TERT mutated patients, while in CTNNB1 mutated patients, there were more patients with Edmondson I–II grade, AFP <25 µmg/L, and a non-hepatitis B background. Also, the TMB values were significantly higher in CTNNB1 mutated patients than in wild type patients.     

MAKO机器人辅助单髁置换手术的护理配合

机器人技术在微创领域的作用越来越突出,而高质量护理工作的配合可以保障机器人手术的安全、有效进行,且有利于患者术后稳定情绪和更好的恢复.为提升护理工作者对MAKO机器人辅助单髁置换手术的全面认识,优化护理工作的模式和流程,提高手术效率并改善患者术后恢复效果,本文在现有的相关文献资料基础上,结合北京大学人民医院11例行机器人单髁置换手术的实际工作体会,用理论联系实际,对术中的护理配合工作进行系统地分析.本团队认为,在机器人辅助单髁置换手术中,护理工作应在传统经验积累的基础上,进一步提高护理配合熟练程度.随着科技的进步,MAKO机器人辅助单髁置换手术的医护模式也将进一步的智能化和数字化.     

Working conditions and health behavior as causes of educational inequalities in self-rated health: an inverse odds weighting approach

Objective:Using a novel mediation method that presents unbiased results even in the presence of exposure–mediator interactions, this study estimated the extent to which working conditions and health behaviors contribute to educational inequalities in self-rated health in the workforce.Methods:Respondents of the longitudinal Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) in 16 countries were selected, aged 50–64 years, in paid employment at baseline and with information on education and self-rated health (N=15 028). Education, health behaviors [including body mass index (BMI)] and working conditions were measured at baseline and self-rated health at baseline and two-year follow-up. Causal mediation analysis with inverse odds weighting was used to estimate the total effect of education on self-rated health, decomposed into a natural direct effect (NDE) and natural indirect effect (NIE).Results:Lower educated workers were more likely to perceive their health as poor than higher educated workers [relative risk (RR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37–1.60]. They were also more likely to have unfavorable working conditions and unhealthy behaviors, except for alcohol consumption. When all working conditions were included, the remaining NDE was RR 1.30 (95% CI 1.15–1.44). When BMI and health behaviors were included, the remaining NDE was RR 1.40 (95% CI 1.27–1.54). Working conditions explained 38% and health behaviors and BMI explained 16% of educational inequalities in health. Including all mediators explained 64% of educational inequalities in self-rated health.Conclusions:Working conditions and health behaviors explain over half of the educational inequalities in self-rated health. To reduce health inequalities, improving working conditions seems to be more important than introducing health promotion programs in the workforce.     

车祸致颅脑损伤患者家属心理健康状况与社会支持相关性研究

目的 了解车祸致颅脑损伤患者家属的心理健康状况和社会支持状况,探讨其相关性。方法 采用自编一般资料调查表、症状自评量表（SCL - 90）和社会支持量表（SSRS）,对225名到精神专科医院就诊的车祸致颅脑损伤患者家属进行问卷调查。结果 车祸致颅脑损伤患家属的SCL - 90总分为（178.45±82.56）分, SCL - 90总分、阳性项目数和9个因子分均显著高于肿瘤患者家属和全国常模(P＜0.05)。社会支持总分为（38.52±8.23）分,社会支持水平与家属的心理健康状况呈显著的负相关（r = - 0.416, P＜0.05）。多元线性回归分析显示,社会支持总分可以负向预测家属的心理健康状况（β = - 0.399,P＜0.05）。结论 车祸致颅脑损伤患者家属的心理问题发生率较高,应从个人、家庭和社会层面为家属提供社会支持资源。     

中医药多途径介入低预后再次IVF-ET拮抗剂方案患者卵巢功能、中医证候及自孕的临床疗效评估

目的 分析中医药多途径介入对体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）失败后拟再次接受IVF-ET拮抗剂方案低预后（肾阴虚肝郁血瘀证）患者卵巢功能、中医证候及自然受孕情况的影响。方法 选取2020年8月至2023年2月在四川大学华西第二医院、成都中医药大学附属医院就诊拟再次接受IVF-ET拮抗剂方案助孕且符合纳入标准的肾阴虚肝郁血瘀证低预后患者128例,按随机对照表分为观察组和对照组,每组各有患者64例。对照组采用口服脱氢表雄酮（DHEA）治疗,观察组采用多途径中医药（口服中药汤剂+耳穴贴压+补肾活血方导法）治疗。经过3个月经周期的治疗后,收集两组患者的卵巢功能评估相关指标,中医证候评分和自然受孕情况。结果 与本组治疗前比较,观察组患者基础卵泡刺激素（bFSH）、基础卵泡刺激素/基础黄体生成激素（bFSH/bLH）值、基础雌二醇（bE₂）、窦卵泡数（AFC）、获卵数、正常受精数、优胚数、中医证候评分在治疗后均有明显改善（P<0.05,P<0.01）,对照组患者bFSH/bLH、中医证候评分均较治疗前升高（P<0.05）,而bFSH、bE₂、AFC值、获卵数、正常受精数、优胚数差异无统计学意义。治疗后观察组患者bFSH、bFSH/bLH、bE₂、AFC、正常受精数、优胚数、中医证候评分改善情况均优于对照组（P<0.05,P<0.01）,而获卵数差异无统计学意义。治疗后,观察组自然受孕3人,而对照组无自然受孕者。结论 对于IVF-ET失败后,拟再次接受IVF-ET拮抗剂方案的肾阴虚肝郁血瘀证低预后患者,通过多途径的中医药干预,可以降低bFSH、bFSH/bLH值、改善bE₂水平,增加AFC、获卵数、正常受精数和优胚数,改善卵巢功能、月经状况和中医证候,提高生活质量,使部分患者在再次进周前自然受孕,改善妊娠结局。