北京、广州、上海城市居民营养知识、态度、行为的调查

对北京、广州和上海三大城市随机抽取的９６５名年龄在２０～５０岁的城市居民进行有关营养知识、态度和行为（Ｋ－Ａ－Ｐ）的调查。结果显示，三地区调查对象的营养知识水平不高。营养知识的得分与其自身受教育程度有相关性（ｒ＝０．３０１１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。年龄在３５岁以上的对象，营养知识的得分高于年轻人；三地区调查对象对营养知识的获取，合理的膳食模式，卫生的饮食习惯均持有积极、肯定的态度。食物消费频度调查结果表明，米／面、肉／禽、蔬菜、水果、奶及奶制品的消费量较高。此外，８９．５％，７８．８％和４７．８％的调查对象分别选择报纸、电视、广播作为其主要营养信息来源。本次调查为将来的营养宣教的内容和方法提供依据。     

地塞米松减轻曲马多术后镇痛时恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的 :探讨地塞米松减轻曲马多术后镇痛时恶心呕吐的临床效果。方法 :选择术后自愿硬膜外镇痛(PCEA)的病例 6 0例 ,随机分为试验组 (地塞米松 曲马多 0 .15 %布比卡因 )和对照组 (格拉司琼 曲马多 0 .15 %布比卡因 )。结果 :两组病人术后疼痛评分 (VAS法 ) ,镇静评分及恶心呕吐的发生率无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :地塞米松可以减轻曲马多术后镇痛时恶心呕吐的发生 ,效果良好 ,不增加副作用 ,价格便宜     

用酶联免疫吸附术观察向附睾注射鱼肝油酸钠后抗精子抗体的变化

本研究用酶联免疫吸附术观察8只家兔在附睾注射鱼肝油酸钠后血清及精浆中的抗精子抗体。血清抗精子抗体阳性率为37.5～50.0%,最早检出率为术后2个月,6～7月达高峰。精浆抗精子抗体阳性率为25%,最早检出率为术后4个月,且此时己达高峰。与输精管结扎资料相比,发现血清抗精子抗体检出率偏低,而精浆相应抗体偏高,表明向附睾注射鱼肝油酸钠引起的免疫反应有别于结扎,以生殖道局部为主。     

一氧化氮合酶在肾脏缺血预处理中的表达

目的 :检测一氧化氮合酶 (NOS :eNOS ,iNOS ,nNOS)在肾脏缺血预处理动物模型肾组织中的表达 ,探讨NOS在肾脏缺血预处理中的可能作用机制。方法 :将 36只小白兔随机分为四组即对照组、缺血预处理组(IP)、缺血再灌注组 (I/R)和缺血预处理后再灌注组 (IP +I/R)。分别检测各组肾组织中NOS的表达及组织学变化。结果 :在急性肾缺血 6 0min再灌注 6 0min时 ,eNOS阳性表达在IP组和IP +I/R组明显高于I/R组和对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,iNOS和nNOS在组织肾中未见明显表达。组织学变化发现I/R组肾组织中肾细胞发生明显变性坏死 ,而IP组和对照组未见明显改变。结论 :肾脏缺血预处理在肾脏缺血再灌注中具有保护作用 ,而NOS参与该作用机制。     

一本李时珍研究的佳作--《李时珍和蕲州》

<李时珍和蕲洲>一书为李时珍记念馆业务馆长、文博副研究员宋米锐先生积20余年之研究心得.     

长沙、上海、郑州、武汉中华按蚊对慈利、沔阳间日疟原虫易感性的交叉对比

来自不同疟疾疫区——长沙、上海、郑州、武汉四地区的中华按蚊,分别以羊膜饲血法感染湖南慈利或湖北沔阳两地区的间日疟原虫,交叉对比其易感性。七次实验共解剖饲血蚊541只。实验结果显示:以腺感染率和阳性腺指数为主要指标,四地区中华按蚊对间日疟原虫的易感性基本相似:两地区间日疟原虫对中华按蚊的感染力也大致相同。并讨论了可能影响人工感染率的几个因素。     

Membrane resealing in cultured rat septal neurons after neurite transection: evidence for enhancement by Ca(2+)-triggered protease activity and cytoskeletal disassembly

Neurites of cultured septal neurons were transected with a laser under sterile conditions, and the subsequent membrane resealing was assayed using a dye exclusion method. In agreement with findings in other preparations, Ca2+ enhanced resealing: in normal culture medium the percentage of lesioned neurons that resealed within 20-30 min after transection increased with increasing bath [Ca2+] over the range 10(-7) to 2 x 10(-3) M; about 75% of cells resealed in 2 mM Ca2+. Mn2+ and Sr2+ also enhanced resealing, but Mg2+ inhibited it. The percentage of resealing neurons was sensitive to agents known to alter the stability of cytoskeletal components. Agents that tend to disassemble microtubules and/or neurofilaments (e.g., colchicine, low-ionic-strength media) strongly promoted resealing, whereas treatments that tend to stabilize microtubules (taxol, Mg2+) inhibited resealing. Addition of exogenous proteases (papain, trypsin, or dispase) enhanced resealing, whereas inhibitors of cysteine proteases (including a specific inhibitor of calpain, a Ca-activated neutral protease) strongly inhibited resealing. Calmodulin inhibitors inhibited resealing, consistent with reports that calmodulin facilitates calpain-mediated proteolysis of fodrin, a component of the cortical cytoskeleton. Based on these results, we hypothesize that one of the major mechanisms involved in resealing is activation of endogenous proteases by Ca2+ entry into the injured neurite. The resulting changes in the cellular cytoskeleton might promote fusion and resealing of the cut ends of the plasma membrane by enhancing membrane mobility and/or by removing structures that normally prevent membrane-membrane contact.     

Targeting of "T" lymphocytes against human hepatoma cells by a bispecific monoclonal antibody: role of different lymphocyte subsets.

In an attempt to construct bispecific monoclonal antibodies (bimAbs) able to target cytotoxic T lymphocytes against human hepatoma cells, an HGPRT-deficient mutant of the Hepama-6 hybridoma, which produces an antihuman-hepatoma mAb, was directly fused with splenocytes from Balb/C mice immunized by a polyclonal cytotoxic T-cell line. Hybrid hybridomas were selected in HAT medium, and their supernatants were directly screened for the ability to induce IL-2-cultured cytotoxic T lymphocytes to kill hepatoma cells in a 51Cr-release assay. The selected hybrid hybridoma, termed DQ-33, secretes a bimAb, which reacts with a CD3-associated determinant. When resting peripheral-blood lymphocytes were used as effector cells, virtually no cytolytic activity could be induced by DQ-33, whereas phytohemagglutinin-activated lymphocytes that had been expanded in vitro in IL-2-containing medium could be efficiently targeted against hepatoma cells. Targeting by DQ-33 bimAb was analyzed on different subsets of IL-2-cultured lymphocytes. It was evident that CD+4-8+ TCR alpha/beta+ and CD3+4-8-TCR gamma/delta+ lymphocytes were efficiently induced by bimAb to lyse human hepatoma cells, whereas no induction of cytolysis could be observed when CD3 + 4 + 8-TCR alpha/beta+ cells were used as effectors. DQ-33 bimAb was also able to induce lymphokine secretion (IL-2, GM-CSF and TNF-alpha) by all the different subsets of lymphocytes analyzed in the presence of target cells expressing the relevant antigen, independent of the expression of cytolytic activity.     

肾移植术后早期国产环孢素药动学的临床研究

目的:探讨肾移植受者术后早期服用国产环孢素的药动学变化特点。明确环孢素各时点血药浓度与时间曲线下面积(AUC)的相关关系。方法48例肾移植受者始服环孢素6mg/kg·d~(-1)1周后,按不同品种分环孢素组24例,赛斯平组14例及田可组10例,分别于服药即刻,服药后1、2、3、4、5、6、8、10、12h抽血查环孢素浓度(以C_0、C_1、C_2……C_(12)表示),比较不同品种药动学的变化特点。然后用逐步回归分析法计算环孢素的总体C_0、C_2、峰浓度C_(max),达峰时间(T_(max)),AUC以及各种指标的变异系数,并计算各浓度值与AUC的相关关系。结果三种国产环孢素在使用相同剂量时,C_0、C_2、C_(max)T_(max)及AUC差异均不显著,具有同质性。合并分析后,总体值C_0为(214.2±113.0)μg/L,总体C_(max)=C_2为(1048.0±378.7)μg/L,达峰时间(2.0±0.9)h,平均2h,AUC为(5106.4±1471.8)μg/(h·L)。抽血检测的10个时点浓度中,C_1、C_2、C_3、C_4、C_6、C_7与AUC的相关性有显著意义,其中C_2偏相关系数0.96最大,而变异系数(34.9％)相对较小。C_0不仅变异系数(52.8％)较大,且与AUC的相关性亦不显著。结论 国产环孢素总体峰浓度为C_2,与AUC具有较好的相关性,对AUC的变化影响大。可以将C_2作为临床一个常规的环孢素浓度监测指标。     

一种新型人TNFα对人肝癌裸鼠移植瘤的抗瘤作用

用人肝癌Ｂｅｌ７４０２瘤株建立了人肝癌裸鼠移植瘤模型，探讨新型重组人ＴＮＦａ对这种移植瘤的抗瘤作用，结果表明，ｒｈＴＦａＤ１１ａ和原型重组人ＴＮＦａ的抑瘤率在３０％左右时，后者后用的活性产闰数是前者的２倍；两者用量相同时，前者的抑产经比后者提高２３个百分