Association of histological subtype with risk of recurrence in craniopharyngioma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

It is controversial whether there is a different risk of recurrence between two histological subtypes in craniopharyngioma (CP) patients. Some reported that adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) had a higher risk of recurrence than papillary craniopharyngioma (PCP), but others reported that there is no significant difference between them. So, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the association between the histological subtype of CP and the rate of recurrence. A comprehensive literature search was undertaken in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for all English articles published up to November 2020. Recurrence data stratified by ACP and PCP were extracted from studies meeting inclusion criteria. A pooled analysis of the association between the histological subtype of craniopharyngioma and rates of recurrence was performed. Thirteen articles containing 974 patients were included. When stratified by two pathological subtypes, the total recurrence rate of ACP was 26.0% and PCP was 14.1%, which showed ACP associated with a higher risk of tumor recurrence than PCP (odds ratio [OR]?=?2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]?=?1.36, 3.30, P?=?0.00). This is the first meta-analysis focusing on histological subtypes of CP. PCP associates with a lower risk of recurrence than ACP, indicating that ACP could act as one of recurrence risk factors for CP patients. Nevertheless, large sample size and well-designed multicenter studies in which the other clinical variables are controlled to determine the histological subtype of CP as an independent recurrence risk factor are needed.

     

Expansion of the mutation and phenotypic spectrum of hereditary spastic paraplegia

Neurological Sciences - Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a heterogeneous group of rare neurodegenerative disorders affecting the corticospinal tracts, and more than 80 HSP loci have been...     

神经外科术中获得性压力性损伤的预防护理专案

目的 降低神经外科术中获得性压力性损伤发生率。 方法 将2019年10～12月的1 378例神经外科择期手术患者作为对照组,采取常规护理措施预防术中获得性压力性损伤。将2020年10～12月的1 551例患者作为观察组,成立护理专案小组,开展多学科协作,实施护理专案改善。 结果 观察组术中获得性压力性损伤发生率为0.90%,对照组为2.18%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组术中获得性压力性损伤治愈率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。观察组预防术中获得性压力性损伤关键监测指标落实率较好,除术后规范交接班落实875例（61.40%）外,其他指标均＞88.00%。 结论 多学科协作护理专案能够有效降低术中获得性压力性损伤发生率,提高术中获得性压力性损伤预防和管理质量。     

阿司匹林对结肠癌细胞凋亡及环加氧酶-2基因表达的影响

目的：探讨阿司匹林对结肠癌化学预防的机理。方法：培养结肠癌细胞株Caco-2，用不同浓度阿司匹林进行干预，对细胞增殖、凋亡及环加氧酶-2(COX-2)基因表达进行观察、检测。结果：高浓度阿司匹林组细胞大量死亡．低浓度促进细胞凋亡；与对照组相比，随着阿司匹林浓度增加，COX-2基因表达逐渐减少。结论：低浓度阿司匹林能促进结肠癌细胞凋亡，下调COX-2基因表达。     

New immunotoxins targeting CD123, a stem cell antigen on acute myeloid leukemia cells

The specific alpha subunit of the interleukin-3 receptor (IL-3Ralpha, CD123) is strongly expressed in various leukemic blasts and leukemic stem cells and seems to be an excellent target for the therapy of leukemias. In this study, immunotoxins were developed to target CD123 only, which bypasses the dependence on other subunits to form intact IL-3R. Three anti-CD123 hybridomas (26292, 32701, and 32716) were selected on the basis of their affinity for CD123. Total RNAs were extracted from the 3 anti-CD123 hybridomas and used to clone the fragment of variable region (Fvs). The Fvs were assembled into single chain Fvs and fused to a 38-kd fragment of Pseudomonas exotoxin A to make recombinant immunotoxins. 26292(Fv)-PE38 was found to have the highest cytotoxic activity on the CD123 expressing leukemia cell line TF-1. It bound the cells with a kd of 3.5 nM. Another immunotoxin, 32716(Fv)-PE38, belonging to a different epitope group, had a similar binding ability but was less active, demonstrating the role of epitope selection in immunotoxin action. The cytotoxic activity of 26292(Fv)-PE38 was increased from 200 to about 40 ng/mL by mutating the REDLK sequence at the C terminus to KDEL. 26292(Fv)-PE38-KDEL was specifically cytotoxic to several CD123 expressing cell lines (TF-1, Molm-13, and Molm-14) with good CD123 expression but not to ML-1 or U937 with low or absent expression. In conclusion, 26292(Fv)-PE38-KDEL shows good cytotoxic activity against CD123 expressing cell lines, and merits further development for the possible treatment of acute myeloid leukemia and other CD123 expressing malignancies.     

中国第1例数字化女虚拟人的三维重建

基于真实人体解剖的数字化虚拟人体研究结合医学科学与计算机技术构建一个像真人一样的计算机模型，在数字解剖、手术计划与培训和很多非医学领域有广泛应用价值。本文简要介绍中国第一例女虚拟人的三维重建过程并给出部分三维重建图像结果。     

四种定性诊断G6PD缺陷症实验方法评价

目的　筛选出一种既快速、简单、准确 ,又能适应基层卫生单位推广使用的定性诊断 G6 PD缺陷症的实验方法。方法　分别用四种不同的 G6 PD定性诊断盒对 2 1份已知结果的血标本进行复查 ,对 34份未知的血标本进行检测。结果　第 3种实验方法在操作时间、操作简单程度和重复性方面 ,占有一定优势。结论　第 3种实验方法便于在基层卫生单位对新婚、孕产夫妇及新生儿作 G6 PD缺陷症的初步筛查。     

α-黑素细胞刺激素诱导黑色素瘤细胞凋亡的作用

目的:研究α-黑素细胞刺激素对恶性黑色素瘤细胞凋亡特性的影响。方法:实验于2002-10/2004-05在解放军第二军医大学完成。采用流式细胞检测分析、电镜观察、DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳方法检测α-黑素细胞刺激素作用后恶性黑色素瘤细胞的凋亡情况,应用电泳迁移改变分析方法检测NF-κB相对活性。结果:α-黑素细胞刺激素作用1,3,24h恶性黑色素瘤细胞NF-κB相对活性分别为91.2%,52%,31%;细胞凋亡率分别为14.9%,33.7%,46.7%,各组间差异均具有显著性意义(P<0.05);α-黑素细胞刺激素作用24h组细胞的DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示明显“梯状”条带。结论:α-黑素细胞刺激素能下调NF-κB的活性表达并诱导恶性黑色素瘤细胞的凋亡。     

基于代谢组学的苦碟子注射液抗心肌缺血作用机制研究

目的明确苦碟子注射液对心脏组织的保护作用,探究其抗心肌缺血的作用机制。方法采用异丙肾上腺素(isoprenaline,ISO)建立大鼠心肌缺血模型,通过生化检测和病理组织切片研究,探究苦碟子注射液对心脏的保护作用;结合UPLC-Q-TOF/MS技术,对大鼠心脏组织和血浆样本进行无靶向代谢组学研究,获取ISO诱导心肌缺血的生物标志物和代谢通路。结果苦碟子注射液可改善心肌缺血模型大鼠心脏组织病理变化,显著降低大鼠血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)和血浆丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)的含量。与对照组相比,筛选得到与心肌缺血密切相关的11个心脏生物标志物和10个血浆生物标志物,Metabo Analyst通路分析发现5条可能与心肌缺血相关的代谢通路。结论苦碟子注射液主要通过调控谷胱甘肽代谢、甘油磷脂代谢及亚麻酸代谢等通路起到预防心肌缺血的作用;不仅为阐明苦碟子注射液预防心肌缺血的作用机制提供依据,同时为苦碟子注射液的临床合理应用提供参考。     

对比声学造影诊断乳头溢液性疾病

目的探讨对比声学造影在乳头溢液性疾病中的临床应用价值.方法使用两类共5种造影剂对30例乳头溢液患者行高频超声及声学造影检查,检查结果与手术病理结果比较.结果液体造影剂可扩张导管,便于观察病变.含微气泡造影剂除扩张导管外,对病变的定位指示作用强.对比声学造影前后高频超声的诊断符合率分别为60%及73.3%.结论对比声学造影可提高导管内小病变检出率,提供病变导管的详细部位、导管扩张程度,显示占位病变,为手术提供重要参考依据.