三种泻心汤及其类方不同配伍对正常大鼠胃粘液成分的影响

目的:探讨半夏泻心汤及其类方不同配伍对正常大鼠粘液含量的影响.方法:用均匀设计法对半夏泻心汤及其类方进行组方药量变化,以胃粘液含量为药理学指标,对所得的药理实验数据进行逐步回归分析.结果:与胃粘液含量关联度最大的为黄连,可以显著降低其含量,其次对半夏、大枣和甘草的交互项,可增加胃粘液含量.药物之间存在复杂的交互作用.结论:均匀设计为研究类方配伍提供了一种可供参考的试验设计方法.     

"提高意识"活动在大学英语精读课中的体现 --对医学护理专业学生精读课改革的重新思考

语法翻译教学法多年来一直主宰着大学英语精读课的教学。随着中国经济突飞猛进的发展,各行各业的人们与国外同行交流的机会和要求也随之增加。面对社会发展而带来的这种变化,显然,古老传统的教学方法已不能适应。通过具体详尽的理论分析,对语法翻译教学法提出了自己的看法。     

Relationship between refractive error and monochromatic aberrations of the eye.

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between ametropia and optical aberrations in a population of 200 normal human eyes with refractive errors spanning the range from +5.00 to -10.00 D. METHODS: Using a reduced-eye model of ametropia, we tested the hypothesis that the optical system of the eye is uncorrelated with the degree of ametropia. These predictions were evaluated experimentally with a Shack-Hartmann aberrometer that measured the monochromatic aberrations across the central 6 mm of the dilated pupil in well-corrected, cyclopleged eyes. RESULTS: Optical theory predicted, and control experiments on a model eye verified, that Shack-Hartmann measurements of spherical aberration will vary with axial elongation of the eye even if the dioptric components of the eye are fixed. Contrary to these predictions, spherical aberration was not significantly different from emmetropic eyes. Root mean square of third-order aberrations, fourth-order aberrations, and total higher aberrations (third to 10th) in myopic and hyperopic eyes were also uncorrelated with refractive error. Astigmatic eyes tended to have larger total higher-order aberrations than nonastigmatic eyes. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that a reduced-eye model of myopia assuming fixed optical parameters and variable axial length is not tenable.     

Comparison of monochromatic ocular aberrations measured with an objective cross-cylinder aberroscope and a Shack-Hartmann aberrometer.

Repeated measures of wavefront aberrations were taken along the line-of-sight of seven eyes using two instruments: an objective, cross-cylinder aberroscope (OA) and a Shack-Hartmann (SH) aberrometer. Both instruments were implemented on the same optical table to facilitate interleaved measurements on the same eyes under similar experimental conditions. Variability of repeated measures of individual coefficients tended to be much greater for OA data than for SH data. Although Zernike coefficients obtained from a single measurement were generally larger when measured with the OA than with the SH, the averages across five trials were often smaller for the OA. The Zernike coefficients obtained from the two instruments were not significantly correlated. Radial modulation-transfer functions and point-spread functions derived from the two sets of measurements were similar for some subjects, but not all. When average Zernike coefficients were used to determine optical quality, the OA indicated superior optics in some eyes, but the reverse trend was true if Zernike coefficients from individual trials were used. Possible reasons for discrepancies between the OA and SH measurements include difference in sampling density, quality of data images, alignment errors, and temporal fluctuations. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that the SH aberrometer discriminated between subjects much better than did the objective aberroscope.     

人工心脏起搏器的植换

探讨人工心脏起搏器植换方式选择。方法：起搏器植换２２例，其中，能源耗竭１４例，感知和起搏功能障碍４例，囊袋感染破溃致ＰＭ外露４例。非感染者起搏阈值，〈２．５Ｖ，行原位植换：ＰＴ值〉３．０Ｖ或有感染者，更换全套起搏系统。结果：非感染的１８例中，１０例ＰＴ〈２．５Ｖ，实行原位植换；８例ＰＴ值〉３．０Ｖ和其余４例有感染者，植入新的起搏系统。     

刺激强度对黑质DA能神经元伤害性反应的影响

本研究用细胞外记录方法研究大鼠黑质多巴胺能神经元伤害性反应的特点。共记录了194个多巴胺能神经元。其中,大多数神经元(78％)可被尾部强电刺激(15mA,1.0ms)所抑制,15％被兴奋。兴奋和抑制反应均依赖于刺激强度。当刺激强度变化于0～20mA时,伤害性反应强度与刺激强度的对数显著相关。来自不同部位的刺激可会聚于同一神经元。反应潜伏期和阈值提示Aδ纤维参与伤害性信息传入黑质的过程。本文还讨论了多巴胺能神经元系统在痛觉机制中的作用。     

医院配电室和特种设备的安全管理

本文主要探讨对医院配电室和特种设备的安全管理，消除安全隐患，间接地为医院创造效益。     

Effect of fathers'' age and birth order on occurrence of congenital heart disease.

STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to examine if there is an effect of fathers' age and of birth order on the occurrence of congenital heart disease. DESIGN--This was a hospital based case-referent study including use of birth defects surveillance data. SUBJECTS--Subjects were 497 cases of congenital heart disease aged between 3 months and 5 years, born in Beijing and Hebei Province, China; 6222 children without congenital heart disease serve as reference baseline. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--With stratified analysis and logistic regression analyses, congenital heart disease was found to be associated with fathers' age less than 25 years (odds ratio 2.63), independent of mothers' age and of birth order. There was also evidence to show a higher birth order effect on the occurrence of congenital heart disease independent of parental ages. CONCLUSION--Higher birth order and fathers aged less than 25 years were both independently associated with some categories of congenital heart disease and with congenital heart disease overall.     

Nebivolol induces endothelium-dependent relaxations of canine coronary arteries.

Nebivolol is a new beta 1-antagonist that acutely reduces arterial blood pressure without depressing cardiac function. The present study was designed to determine the effect of nebivolol on coronary arteries. Rings of canine left anterior descending coronary (LAD) artery with or without endothelium were suspended in organ chambers and the isometric tension was recorded. In some experiments, the transmembrane potential of the smooth muscle cells was recorded by electrophysiological methods. During contractions to prostaglandin F2 alpha, nebivolol induced concentration-dependent relaxations of the coronary arteries. The enantiomer, l-nebivolol, also induced comparable relaxations; however, d-nebivolol induced smaller relaxations. The relaxations induced by nebivolol and its enantiomer were significantly larger in tissues with than in those without endothelium. The differences between tissues with and without endothelium were abolished by nitro-L-arginine (3 x 10(-5) M) or methylene blue (10(-5) M). The nebivolol-induced relaxations were not affected by indomethacin (10(-5) M), phentolamine (5 x 10(-6) M), propranolol (5 x 10(-6) M), or methysergide (3 x 10(-6) M). Nebivolol at a subthreshold concentration for inducing relaxation (3 x 10(-7) M) did not significantly affect endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine but potentiated ADP-induced endothelium-dependent relaxations. The potentiation is stereoselective for l-nebivolol. Nebivolol induced a small hyperpolarization of the coronary smooth muscle with endothelium (1 mV).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)