汉族女性峰值骨密度和维生素D受体基因多态性及环境因素的相关性研究

目的　研究汉族女性峰值骨密度 (peakbonemineraldensity ,PBMD)与某些环境及遗传因素的关系。方法　选择健康的志愿者 1 5 9人 ,①通过饮食回顾法计算每日钙及蛋白入量 ;②通过 7d运动评估法计算运动强度 ;③使用DEXA骨密度仪 (HologicQDR 4 5 0 0 )测量志愿者腰椎和髋部骨密度 (BMD) ;④应用PCR -限制性片段长度多态性对维生素D受体 (VDR)基因进行多态性分析。结果　①腰椎BMD结果参照日本人标准 ,低骨量或骨质疏松共有 35人 (2 2 % ) ,正常骨量者为 1 2 4人 (78% )。两组间体重及体重指数 (BMI)间有显著差异 ;②腰椎及髋部股骨颈BMD与体重呈正相关 ,髋部其余位点BMD值和BMI呈正相关 ;③VDR基因BsmI酶切多态性组间BMD无显著性差异。结论　本研究显示 :体重及或BMI是汉族女性PBMD重要保护因素之一。汉族女性PBMD和当前营养状态、运动强度、VDRBsmI酶切位点基因多态性未见有相关性     

京、沪、穗三城市2001年—2002年抗病毒药物利用分析

目的 :通过京、沪、穗抗病毒用药的药物利用分析 ,为药品研究、生产、流通和宏观控制提供参考。方法 :利用《全国医药信息网》提供的京、沪、穗三地的抗病毒药品 2 0 0 1年和 2 0 0 2年的统计数据 ,通过药品消耗排序、趋势分析、DDDs等指标 ,分析抗病毒药品的利用情况和市场走势。结果 :抗病毒药品的消耗总体呈增长趋势 ,其中专利品种如拉米夫定的优势远远大于仿制品种 ;国产药品目前在抗病毒药品消耗总金额中占绝对优势 ;京、沪、穗抗病毒用药金额差别较大 ,以广州最高。结论 :抗病毒药品具有广阔的市场前景 ,但要重视低水平的重复仿制与科技创新的矛盾。具有自主知识产权的专利品种是保持市场竞争力的关键。     

放射治疗中的摆位误差

随着放射治疗向高精度方向发展 ,研究放射治疗中的摆位误差具有重要意义。就摆位误差的定义、来源、表示方法、测量予以综述 ,并总结了以往的研究数据 ,提出临床工作中需注意的问题。     

Interleukin-12 enhances the sensitivity of human osteosarcoma cells to 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide by a mechanism involving the Fas/Fas-ligand pathway.

Cyclophosphamide (CY) and its derivative ifosfamide are alkylating agents used to treat osteosarcoma (OS). The purpose of these studies was to determine whether alkylating agents affect the expression of Fas ligand (FasL) and whether interleukin 12 enhances the sensitivity of human OS cells to alkylating agents. 4-Hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC), the preactivated CY compound, and 4-hydroperoxydidechlorocloclophosphamide (4-HDC), its nonalkylating analogue, human OS LM6 cells, and a clone of cells derived by transfection with the interleukin 12 gene (LM6-#6) were used for these studies. Incubation of LM6 and LM6-#6 with 10 micro M 4-HC increased the expression of FasL mRNA (2.5- and 3.0-fold, respectively). By contrast, 4-HDC, Adriamycin (ADR), cisplatin (CDP), and methotrexate (MTX) had no effect on FasL mRNA expression. Increased FasL expression after treatment with 4-HC was also demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Drug-induced FasL was functional and mediated cell death. We examined the effect of FasL up-regulation by 4-HC on LM6 and LM6-#6 cells. Flow cytometry showed that LM6-#6 cells expressed 2.2-fold more Fas than LM6 cells. Cytotoxicity of 4-HC, 4-HDC, ADR, CDP, and MTX on LM6, LM6-neo, and LM6-#6 were quantified. Colony-forming assay revealed an IC(50) of 2.10 micro M for 4-HC in LM6-neo cells compared with 0.41 micro M in LM6-#6 cells. The IC(50) for 4-HDC, ADR, CDP, and MTX were not significantly different between the two cell lines. We concluded that the increased expression of Fas enhanced LM6-#6 sensitivity to 4-HC. These data indicate that Fas/FasL may be involved in the cytotoxic pathway of CY. Combining biological agents with chemotherapeutic agents that have complementary Fas/FasL pathway actions may offer new therapeutic alternatives.     

Increased Fas expression reduces the metastatic potential of human osteosarcoma cells.

PURPOSE: The process of metastasis requires the single tumor cell that seeds the metastatic clone to complete a complex series of steps. Identifying factors responsible for these steps is essential in developing and improving targeted therapy for metastasis. Resistance to receptor-mediated cell death, such as the Fas/Fas ligand pathway, is one mechanism commonly exploited by metastatic cell populations. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND RESULTS: LM7, a subline of the SAOS human osteosarcoma cell line with low Fas expression, was selected for its high metastatic potential in an experimental nude mouse model. When transfected with the full-length Fas gene (LM7-Fas), these cells expressed higher levels of Fas than the parental LM7 cells or LM7-neo control-transfected cells. These cells were also more sensitive to Fas-induced cell death than controls. When injected intravenously into nude mice, the LM7-Fas cell line produced a significantly lower incidence of tumor nodules than control cell lines. Lung weight and tumor nodule size were also decreased in those mice injected with LM7-Fas. Levels of Fas were quantified in osteosarcoma lung nodules from 17 patients. Eight samples were Fas negative, whereas the remaining 9 were only weakly positive compared with normal human liver (positive control). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that altering Fas expression can impact the metastatic potential of osteosarcoma cells. We conclude that the increase of Fas on the surface of the LM7 osteosarcoma cells increased their sensitivity to Fas-induced cell death in the microenvironment of the lung, where Fas ligand is constitutively expressed. Thus, loss of Fas expression is one mechanism by which osteosarcoma cells may evade host resistance mechanisms in the lung, increasing metastatic potential. Fas may therefore be a new therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.     

Prostatosis treated with acupuncture and herbal medicine

According to differentiation of symptoms and signs, prostatosis was divided into pattern of dampness and heat in the lower energizer, pattern of qi stagnation and blood stasis, pattern of deficiency and cold in the lower abdomen, and pattern of qi deficiency and kidney deficiency. Prostatosis were treated mainly by acupuncture, plus moxibustion and Chinese medicine, and the effect was good. Author: Zhao Chang-quan (1949-), male, junior consultant doctor Translator: Huang Guo-qi     

静脉注射硝酸甘油诱导大鼠脑膜核因子-κB表达增强

目的观察偏头痛大鼠模型不同时相脑膜核因子-κB(NF-κB)的表达特征.方法采用静脉注射硝酸甘油(GTN)法建立大鼠偏头痛模型,应用免疫组织化学法观察对照组、GTN iv 后0.5,1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 4.0 h组脑膜NF-κB阳性染色细胞的分布,采用Western印迹法观察相应时间点脑膜核NF-κB的蛋白表达量.结果 GTN iv后0.5 h即出现大鼠脑膜NF-κB核阳性反应和核NF-κB蛋白表达量增高,1.5 h核NF-κB蛋白表达量达高峰,然后逐渐回落,至4 h接近正常水平.结论 GTN iv后早期脑膜呈时限性核NF-κB蛋白表达增强,提示NF-κB蛋白表达增强可能与偏头痛有关.     

自适应滤波提取耳蜗微音器电位初探

为解决表面电极引导耳蜗微音器电位的结果中存在刺激伪迹信号的状况，探讨了用自适应滤波处理抵消刺激伪迹信号提取的方法，结果发现：正常耳的ＣＭ较同侧表面电极引导的波形有一定的滞后时间，２ｋＨｚ以上的神经动作电位波形分化明显；３１耳极重度感音神经性聋和１１耳中度或中重度感音神经性聋耳各频率的ＣＭ消失，９耳极重度感音神经性聋和２９中度和中重度感音神经性聋各频率存在较好的ＣＭ波形。提示：不同程度的感音神经性聋     

异位妊娠时子宫内膜的形态变化

目的：探讨异位妊娠时子宫内膜形态变化的规律。方法：回顾分析我院２１７例异位妊娠子宫内膜的形态变化。结果：异位妊娠时子宫内膜变化有７种类型：（１）蜕膜和Ａｒｉａｓ－Ｓｔｅｌａ反应（Ａ－Ｓ反应）；（２）高度分泌反应；（３）分泌反应不同步；（４）部分呈分泌反应、部分呈增生反应，并出现一种“小Ａ－Ｓ”腺体；（５）早、中、晚分泌期；（６）增生反应；（７）腺囊型增生过长。异位妊娠时内膜形态与有无阴道流血、流血时间长短及尿ｈＣＧ水平有关。结论：不能以是否出现蜕膜和Ａ－Ｓ反应做为诊断异位妊娠的依据，须结合病史和实验室检查才能准确判断。     

补肾调肝敛乳方对泌乳素分泌影响的动物实验研究

利用体外垂体组织培养技术及灭吐灵诱导ＨＰＲＬ小鼠模型，以溴隐亭为对照，观察敛方的作用。结果：剑乳方不仅可以抑制离体垂体ＰＲＬ的分泌，还可拮抗灭吐灵导致的小鼠血清ＰＲＬ升高、子宫减重、受孕率下性周期紊乱，上述作用与溴隐亭相似，敛乳方还可促使示成熟雌鼠阴道上皮细胞角化。