不同克氏针内固定方法治疗Gartland Ⅲ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折临床疗效比较

[目的]比较不同克氏针内固定方法治疗Gartland Ⅲ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折的临床疗效。[方法]本组45例,内外侧交叉固定治疗(A组)24例,以及外侧双皮质固定治疗(B组)21例。观测2组骨折肘关节功能、肘内翻等指标,比较临床综合疗效。[结果]肘关节功能评定:A组优12例,良9例,差3例,优良率为87.5%;B组优10例,良6例,差5例,优良率为76.1%。[结论]内外侧交叉固定与外侧双皮质固定具有稳定性高、抗旋转作用强、关节功能恢复快、肘内翻发生率低、临床疗效佳的特点。     

PET/CT检查SD大鼠灌胃造影剂泛影萄胺后对体内18F-FDG代谢的影响

目的研究SD大鼠口服造影剂泛影萄胺对体内18F-FDG代谢的影响。方法 8只健康雄性SD大鼠,每次行PET/CT检查前禁食8h,禁水4h,首次检查前40min对SD大鼠进行灌胃1%的泛影萄胺3ml,每只大鼠由尾静脉注入18F-FDG,注射后50min行PET/CT检查扫描。4天后,禁食禁水后,在检查前40min对SD大鼠灌胃清水3ml,注入示踪剂18F-FDG后40min进行PET/CT扫描,8天后,禁食禁水后,检查前未经任何外理,注入18F-FDG后40min行PET/CT扫描。测量3次实验中SD大鼠不同组织器官对18F-FDG的标准化摄取值(standard uptake value,SUV),并将上述3组实验结果进行比较。结果检查前灌胃1%的泛影萄胺后大脑、哈德氏腺、心脏、肝脏及肾脏对FDG的摄取均显著低于检查前灌胃清水和检查前除禁食禁水外未经过任何处理行PET/CT检查对18F-FDG的摄取(P<0.05)。而检查前灌胃清水和检查前除禁食禁水外未经过任何处理行PET/CT检查对18F-FDG的摄取无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 PET/CT检查前口服造影剂泛影萄胺影响大鼠重要组织器官对18F-FDG的摄取,在进行科学实验时,应对其造成的影响引起重视。     

成人冠状动脉起源变异的64排螺旋CT分析

目的 以64排螺旋CT冠状动脉血管造影(CTA)的方法分析成人冠状动脉起源变异的发生率及主要形式.方法 以5 011例有诊断价值的冠状动脉CTA图像作为研究对象,观察冠状动脉起源变异的发生及表现形式.结果 5 011例病例中,共发现冠状动脉起源变异 32例(0.64%).其中右冠状动脉起源于左冠状动脉窦最多见(21/32).其次为回旋支起源于右冠状动脉窦(7/32),左主干起源于右冠状动脉窦(4/32).结论 冠状动脉起源变异罕见.冠状动脉起源变异的主要形式为右冠状动脉起源于左冠状动脉窦.64排冠状动脉CTA可以准确发现冠状动脉起源异常,是相对无创、精确的检查方法.     

髋关节改良侧位摄影的实际应用

目的 设计一种既操作简便又与常规髋关节侧位同样拍摄效果的新体位.方法 采用不同摄影角度对骨骼模型进行X线摄影,测量股骨头、颈充分显示时中心线倾斜角度和骨骼模型倾斜角度,并对头、颈显示情况评分;对30例髋关节X线摄影患者加照新侧位,并与常规侧位的实际可操作性和图像质量进行对比.结果 模拟摄影得出中心线向头侧倾斜35°~45°,身体冠状面与探测器角度60°~70°,评分为3分;新侧位具有可行性,对关节面、间隙显示率均为96.7%,股骨头、颈均为100%,大粗隆为80%,小粗隆为100%.结论 改良髋关节侧位摄影方法同样可以显示股骨头、颈和其余诸组成骨情况.     

Diffusion of Eu(III) in compacted bentonite—effect of pH, solution concentration and humic acid

The effect of pH, Eu(III) solution concentration and humic acid on the diffusion of Eu(III) in compacted bentonite (ρ_b=1000±30 kg/m³) was studied with “in-diffusion” method at an ionic strength of 0.1 M NaClO₄. The results (K_d values from the first slice and theoretical calculation, apparent and effective diffusion coefficients) derived from the new capillary method are in good agreement with the literature data under similar conditions, and fit the Fick's second law very well. The results suggest that the diffusion of Eu(III) is dependent on pH values and independent on solution concentration in our experimental conditions. Humic acid forms precipitation/complexation with Eu(III) at the surface of compacted bentonite and thus deduces the diffusion/transport of Eu(III) in compacted bentonite. The K_d values in compacted bentonite are in most cases lower than those in powdered bentonite obtained from batch experiments. The difference between the K_d values from powdered and compacted bentonite is a strong function of the bulk density of the bentonite. The results suggest that the content of interlaminary space plays a very important role to the diffusion, sorption and migration of Eu(III) in compacted bentonite.     

Effect of pH and concentration on the diffusion of radiostrontium in compacted bentonite—a capillary experimental study

The effects of pH and Sr²⁺ solution concentration on diffusion and sorption of Sr²⁺ in compacted bentonite (ρ_b=1000±30 kg/m³) were studied using an “in-diffusion” method at an ionic strength of 0.1 M NaClO₄. The results (distribution coefficients, K_d, apparent and effective diffusion coefficients, D_a and D_e) derived from the capillary method are in good agreement with the literature data obtained for similar bentonite dry densities and fit Fick's second law very well. The results suggest that the diffusion of Sr²⁺ in compacted bentonite decreases slightly with increasing pH values and also increases slightly with increasing Sr²⁺ solution concentration. The distribution coefficients are weakly dependent on the solution concentrations and show a slight increase with increasing pH values. The average effective diffusion coefficient of Sr²⁺ in compacted bentonite is (1.2±0.2)×10⁻⁹ m²/s, surface diffusion effects are found for the diffusion of Sr²⁺ in compacted bentonite.     

CT对古脊椎动物化石标本的观察

目的：探讨开展古生物影像学研究的价值。方法：利用CT观察古脊椎动物头骨化石脑腔结构。结果：古脊椎动物头骨化石脑腔及颅骨之间存在密度差异，CT能够显示脑腔的大小、形态和位置。CT对化石的观察受化石的大小的限制，高分辨率CT扫描明显优于常规CT。结论：CT能够观察古脊椎动物化石标本的内部结构。     

Sorption properties of Th(IV) on the raw diatomite-Effects of contact time, pH, ionic strength and temperature.

Diatomite has a number of unique physicochemical properties and has diversified industrial uses. Natural diatomite has been tested as a potential sorbent for the removal of Th(IV) from aqueous solutions. The results indicate that sorption of Th(IV) is strongly dependent on ionic strength at pH<3, and is independent of ionic strength at pH>3. Outer-sphere complexation or ion exchange may be the main sorption mechanism of Th(IV) to diatomite at low pH values, whereas the sorption of Th(IV) at pH>3 is mainly dominated by inner-sphere complexation or precipitation. The competition for Th(IV) between aqueous or surface adsorbed anions (e.g., herein ClO(4)(-), NO(3)(-) and Cl(-)) and surface functional groups of diatomite is important for Th(IV) sorption. The thermodynamic data (DeltaH(0), DeltaS(0), DeltaG(0)) are calculated from the temperature-dependent sorption isotherms. The results suggest that sorption process of Th(IV) on diatomite is spontaneous and endothermic.     

Sorption and desorption of radiocesium on red earth and its solid components: relative contribution and hysteresis.

The relative contributions of organic matter and iron oxides to the Cs+ sorption on red earth were investigated by using the batch technique and selective extraction methods. The sorption and desorption isotherms and the distribution coefficients of Cs+ on the untreated red earth and the three treated soils to remove organic matter, iron oxides and organic matter plus iron oxides were determined at 20 degrees C, pH 6.3+/-0.2, in the presence of 0.01 mol/l CaCl2. It was found that all the isotherms are linear in the Cs+ concentration range used here, that the sorption desorption hysteresis on the red earth actually occurs, and besides the clay minerals, the organic matter present in the red earth is a significant trap of Cs+ and is responsible for the hysteresis instead of the iron oxides.     

Hormone pattern after misoprostol administration for a nonviable first-trimester gestation

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate serial hormone concentrations in subjects treated with vaginally administered misoprostol for early pregnancy failure. DESIGN: As part of a randomized clinical trial, serum was collected on treatment days 1, 3, 8, and 15. SETTING: Multicenter clinical trial. PATIENT(S): Women with a nonviable first-trimester pregnancy. INTERVENTION(S): Serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), progesterone, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): A logistic regression model was constructed to assess the associations of percent and complete expulsion of the gestational sac and/or successful management. RESULT(S): The percent change from the day of treatment until the first follow-up visit was predictive for complete expulsion for progesterone (P) (P<.005) and hCG (P<.005), but not for SHBG. The actual value was not significantly associated with complete expulsion or successful management. A decrease (day 1-3) of 79% for both hCG and P was associated with a 90% probability of complete passage of the gestational sac. A 90% probability of successful management was noted if P decreased by 78% on day 3 or 59% on day 7, or hCG decreased by 74% on day 3 or 78% on day 7 compared with pretreatment values. CONCLUSION(S): Percent change, but not absolute change, in serial hormone values are strongly associated with both the complete expulsion of the gestational sac with one dose of misoprostol and ultimate success.