利用信息技术提高河南省出生缺陷防治管理水平

目的 总结通过信息平台,提高出生缺陷防控水平的经验和挑战.方法 回顾性总结系统中出生缺陷三级预防措施落实,沿胎儿生命周期获取功能和代谢障碍缺陷个案的数据并进行总结分析.结果 平台促进了出生缺陷三级预防措施落实.系统包括11 912例有遗传病或缺陷儿家族史的孕妇信息,433例染色体和基因异常胎儿产前诊断记录,7977例结...     

In situ growth of novel carbon nanobuds and nanoballs on graphene nanosheets by the electrochemical method

Novel carbon nanostructures, carbon nanobuds and nanoballs in situ grown on graphene, have been synthesized by the electrochemical method in this study. Pristine graphene (GR) sheets were potentiostatic treated with sulfuric acid and were oxidized at 1.4–2.0 V constant potentials to obtain numerous nanobuds and peeled nanoballs. Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the morphology of electrochemically treated GR nanosheets. Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction analysis, and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure of samples. The above results indicate that amounts of nanobuds were in situ grown on the surface of GR sheets at a constant potential of 1.4 V was added to the GR electrode. With the constant potential increasing, the nanobuds grew into the nanoballs, exfoliating from the surface of graphene sheets, whereas the peroxidation of graphene sheets occurred at a higher potential of 2.0 V, leading to the formation of a large amount of graphene oxide fragments. Therefore, the optimal processing parameter of the formation of carbon nanoballs was under the constant potential of 1.8 V for 500 s.

Novel carbon nanostructures, carbon nanobuds and nanoballs in situ grown on graphene, have been synthesized by the electrochemical method in this study.     

Vitamin Supplementation Protects against Nanomaterial-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Damages: A Meta-Analysis of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

The extensive applications of nanomaterials have increased their toxicities to human health. As a commonly recommended health care product, vitamins have been reported to exert protective roles against nanomaterial-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. However, there have been some controversial conclusions in regards to this field of research. This meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the roles and mechanisms of vitamins for cells and animals exposed to nanomaterials. Nineteen studies (seven in vitro, eleven in vivo and one in both) were enrolled by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. STATA 15.0 software analysis showed vitamin E treatment could significantly decrease the levels of oxidants [reactive oxygen species (ROS), total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA)], increase anti-oxidant glutathione peroxidase (GPx), suppress inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, IgE), improve cytotoxicity (manifested by an increase in cell viability and a decrease in pro-apoptotic caspase-3 activity), and genotoxicity (represented by a reduction in the tail length). These results were less changed after subgroup analyses. Pooled analysis of in vitro studies indicated vitamin C increased cell viability and decreased ROS levels, but its anti-oxidant potential was not observed in the meta-analysis of in vivo studies. Vitamin A could decrease MDA, TOS and increase GPx, but its effects on these indicators were weaker than vitamin E. Also, the combination of vitamin A with vitamin E did not provide greater anti-oxidant effects than vitamin E alone. In summary, we suggest vitamin E alone supplementation may be a cost-effective option to prevent nanomaterial-induced injuries.     

Response of the xenograft endothelium in the concordant xenotransplantation

Objective: To investigate the response of the xenograft endothelium in the concordant hamster to rat cardiac xenotransplantation and the mechanism of acute vascular rejection. Methods: The animals were divided into 5 groups randomly: control group,CsA group, splenectomy group, D0 splenectomy+CsA group and D3 splenectomy+CsA group. Hamster heart was heterotopicaly transplanted to rat abdominal cavity. The graft survival was monitored by palpation of the rat abdominal wall. The histological and ultrastructural changes of the xenogafts were investigated. NF-κB and P-selectin expression in the xenograft were detected. Hene Oxigenase-1 and Bcl-2 expression were also detected in the xenografts of different groups. Results: The mean survival time of the xenografts in control group, CsA group, splenectomy group, D0 splenectomy+CsA group and D3 splenectomy+CsA group was 3.4±0.55, 3.8±0.45, 6.4±1.52, 30 and 7.4±1.14 days. The rejected graft showed typical acute vascular rejection in control group, CsA group,splenectomy group and D3 splenectomy+CsA group. Endothelial cells of the rejected xenograft showed dramatic assembly of ribosomes and expansion of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. However, the endothelium of the long-term survived grafts in D0 splenectomy+CsA group showed normal architecture. NF-κB and P-selectin expression were detected in the rejected xenografts. HO-1 expression was observed in the long-term survived xenografts in D0 splenectomy+CsA group. Conclusion: The endothelial cells of the xenograft might be activated during the acute vascular rejection. Expression of HO-1 might inhibit the upregulation of NF-κB and adhesion molecular which decreases the activation of the endothelium of the graft.     

糖化血清蛋白测定对排除假性高血糖的临床应用价值

目的观察糖化血清蛋白(GSP)的测定是否对排除假性高血糖有临床应用价值。方法对一些血糖高的病人进行GSP检测、糖化血红蛋白(HBA1C)检测、餐后2小时血糖的检测,观察经临床确诊确属假性血糖升高的非糖尿病病人的GSP水平。结果凡经临床确诊的属假性血糖升高的非糖尿病病人的GSP水平为:1.61±0.56mmol/L,而糖尿病组为2.55±0.59mmol/L,经统计处理,两组的GSP结果差别有显著性(P<0.05)。结论GSP的检测对排除假性的一次性高血糖有一定的临床应用价值。     

Co-Utilization of Sewage Sludge and Rice Husk in Ceramsite Preparation with Selective Adsorption Capacity to Pb

Realizing the green recycling of sludge is an important link to effectively solve the problem of sludge disposal. In this paper, sewage sludge (SS) and rice husk (RH) were utilized as raw materials in preparing novel ceramsite (SRC) for the treatment of lead-containing wastewater, and its adsorption mechanism was explored. The results showed that the optimal preparation conditions were 40% RH + 60% SS mixture, a sintering temperature of 1190 °C, and a sintering time of 20 min. The basic properties of SRC met Chinese artificial ceramsite filter material standards for water treatment (CJ/T 299-2008). Under optimum adsorption conditions (pH = 6, 1 g/L SRC dosage, 20 mg/L Pb(NO)₃ concentration, 18 h), the removal rate of Pb²⁺ reached 94.7%, and the equilibrium adsorption capacity was 18.94 mg/g. The adsorption process was more consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating that the adsorption process was dominated by chemisorption. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH⁰ > 0, ΔG⁰ < 0, ΔS⁰ > 0) indicated that the adsorption reaction was spontaneous and endothermic. The possible adsorption mechanisms are as follows: (1) SRC is rich in layered mesoporous structure, which provides sufficient reaction sites for Pb adsorption; (2) the sintered lawsonite and muscovite can strongly attract Pb and then form a new phase (Pb₁₀[Si₂O₇]₃(OH)₂); (3) Pb²⁺ can bond with the Si–O- bond in aluminosilicates, and the introduction of Pb elevates the degree of polymerization of aluminosilicates in turn, indicating that the adsorption process is stable.     

Effect of the Surface Morphology of Porous Coatings on Secondary Electron Yield of Metal Surface

Surface roughening is an important material surface treatment technique, and it is particularly useful for use in secondary electron yield (SEY) suppression on metal surfaces. Porous structures produced via roughening on coatings have been confirmed to reduce SEY, but the regulation strategy and the influence of process parameters both remain unclear in the practical fabrication of effective porous structures. In this paper, the effect of the surface morphology of porous coatings on the SEY of aluminum alloy substrates was studied. Surface characterization and SEY measurements were carried out for samples with a specific process technique on their surfaces. An exponential fitting model of the correlation between surface roughness and the peak values of SEY curves, δm, was summarized. Furthermore, an implementation strategy to enable low surface SEY was achieved from the analysis of the effect of process parameters on surface morphology formation. This work will aid our understanding of the effect of the irregular surface morphology of porous coatings on SEY, thereby revealing low-cost access to the realization of an easy-to-scale process that enables low SEY.     

Target identification and occupancy measurement of necrosis avid agent rhein using bioorthogonal chemistry-enabling probes

Necrosis is an important biomarker, which only occurs in pathological situations. Tracking of necrosis avid agents is of crucial importance toward understanding their mechanisms. Herein, we developed a modular probe strategy based on bioorthogonal copper-free click chemistry. Structural modification of rhein with transcyclooctene (TCO) led to the identification of rhein-TCO2 as the most active probe with specific necrosis affinity. In a systematic evaluation, the colocalization of rhein-TCO2 in the nucleus (exposed DNA and rRNA) of necrotic cells was observed. This work provides a foundation for the development of target-identified of rhein compounds, and binding to exposed DNA and rRNA may be an important target of rhein compounds in necrotic cells.

Structural modification of rhein with transcyclooctene (TCO) led to the identification of rhein-TCO2 as the most active probe with specific necrosis affinity.     

哈萨克族宫颈癌临床病理分析

目的:探讨阿勒泰地区哈萨克族子宫颈癌临床病理特点.方法:对本地区1995年1月～2006年2月收治的94例哈萨克族子宫颈癌活检及手术切除标本与33例汉族进行对比分析,探讨子宫颈癌患者的发病特点及防治措施.结果:127例子宫颈癌患者中哈萨克族与汉族病理组织学类型对比差异无显著性(χ2=1.56,P＞0.05),子宫颈癌发病率随着年龄的增加而增高.结论:子宫颈癌已严重危害我区女性健康,应在本地区对35岁以上的女性定期行宫颈涂片检查,提高自我保健意识和防病意识.     

基线尿酸及NT-proBNP水平与心房颤动的射频消融复发率关系的研究

目的探讨传统的生物学标记物,如NT-pro BNP和血尿酸(SUA)与心房颤动射频消融术后心律失常复发的关系。方法随机入选2013年1月至2014年10月间在航天中心医院接受第一次心脏心房颤动射频消融术的61例患者的临床资料。其中阵发性心房颤动(持续时间<7 d)患者39例(63.9%),持续性心房颤动(7 d<持续时间<1年)13例(21.3%),永久性心房颤动(持续时间>1年)的患者9例(14.8%)。检测各组NT-pro BNP和SUA水平。结果复发组与未复发组分别为13例(21.3%)和48例(78.7%)。与未复发组比,复发组患者年龄、左房前后径、冠心病比例、吸烟史比例及既往心房颤动时间均更高;入院时NT-pro BNP和SUA水平均更高(P<0.01)。NT-pro BNP和SUA水平与消融术后心房颤动的复发呈正相关(r分别为0.46、0.32,P<0.05)。结论 NT-pro BNP的升高提示心室张力增加或存在心房限制性疾病,是消融术后复发的可能原因。SUA具有促炎、促氧化作用,提示炎症和氧化应激在消融术后的复发可能起重要作用。