冬虫夏草子囊孢子的弹射

在四川康定和西藏那曲两地,对虫草子座的光照强度处理,结果表明：两地的虫草子囊孢子弹射时间有差异;光照强度不同,子囊孢子弹射的数量,时间和萌发率均不同。要使冬虫夏草子囊孢子正常弹射和提高萌发率,必须满足温度、湿度和日照三个基本条件。本结果为人工培植冬虫夏草奠定基础。     

Hypertension and diabetes synergistically strengthen the association with cataracts among Chinese

AIM: To examine the relationship between age-related cataracts (ARC) and comorbid hypertension and diabetes. METHODS: We analyzed the administrative records of 6,467 patients aged 50 years and older admitted to the ophthalmological department of a tertiary hospital from January 1st, 2011 to May 20th, 2017. With either eye considered, an ARC (n=3,343) was defined as the presence of lens opacity or previous cataract surgery without evidence of trauma, congenital anomalies or using certain medications. Patients admitted to the same department during the same period due to ocular traumas without clinical evidence of cataracts (n=379) were recruited as the cataract-free controls. Unconditional logistic regressions were obtained the odds ratio (OR) of hypertension and diabetes among ARC patients adjusted for age, sex and health care accessibility. RESULTS: Hypertension was diagnosed in 29.54% of men with any type of cataracts, in 30.12% of men with an ARC, and 10.82% of men of cataract-free controls. Diabetes was diagnosed in 16.64% of men with any type of cataracts, in 16.48% of men with ARC and 4.22% of men of cataract-free controls. Similar patterns were observed among women. After adjusting for age, sex, and health care accessibility, hypertension was weakly [OR=1.83 (95%CI: 1.23, 2.74)] and diabetes was strongly [3.38 (1.86, 6.15)] associated with ARCs. The adjusted OR of comorbid hypertension and diabetes among adults with ARC was 18.20 (4.38, 75.59). CONCLUSION: Hypertension and diabetes were independently associated with ARC. Hypertension and diabetes, if co-existing, multiplicatively strengthened the association with ARC.     

巨噬细胞在心肌梗死治疗中的研究现状

巨噬细胞在心肌梗死损伤中发挥了“双刃”作用。近年来研究表明,心肌细胞浸润的巨噬细胞在不同因子刺激下极化成功能不同的亚群,即M1和M2。M1型巨噬细胞主要发挥促炎作用,加重心肌损伤,而M2型巨噬细胞则主要抑制受损组织炎症发生,同时能促进新生血管的生成。因此M2型巨噬细胞在心肌损伤中发挥的正面作用越来越受到关注。本文对近年来国内外关于M2型巨噬细胞在心肌组织中发挥的作用,及其重要调控机制等进行了综述,并对M2型极化在促心肌微血管治疗中的研究现状及其物质基础进行了概述。     

当归补血汤相状态的研究

目的:研究当归补血汤提取液的相状态。方法:通过HPLC检测阿魏酸、HPLC-ELSD检测黄芪甲苷、紫外分光光度法检测总多糖、双缩脲法检测蛋白质,并以激光衍射法检测粒径和粒径分布,结合光学现象,描述当归补血汤的相状态。结果:可以测得当归补血汤中阿魏酸、黄芪甲苷、总多糖和蛋白质的含量,提取液中分散相质点的粒径主要分布于50～100 nm和1 000 nm以上,并可以观察到明显的丁达尔现象。结论:当归补血汤含有以均相状态存在的真溶液和非均相状态存在的胶体溶液、混悬液或乳浊液,为混合分散体系。     

Clinical trial on the role of tuina in rehabilitation therapy following total hip replacement

目的：观察推拿在全髋关节置换术后康复治疗中的临床疗效。方法：将60例患者随机分成治疗组和对照组。治疗组30例进行推拿结合康复治疗,对照组30例进行单纯康复治疗。两组均治疗2星期。分别观察两组患者术后7天、术后2星期、术后6星期的改良人工髋关节Harris量表及汉密尔顿焦虑量表（Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale,HAMA）。结果：Harris量表评分总分,两组组内患者不同时间点多重比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;术后1天、术后7天及术后6星期两组间比较,差畀均无统计学意义（A,0．05）;术后2星期两组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。HAMA量表两组组内患者不同时间点多重比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;术后1天两纽间评分无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;术后7天、术后2星期、术后6星期两组间评分均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：单位时间内,推拿结合康复治疗对全髋关节置换术后患者的疼痛、关节活动范围及焦虑等方面的改善作用优于单纯康复治疗。     

VVS患者心率变异性、CK、CK-MB变化及治疗前后变化的意义

目的：探讨血管迷走性晕厥(VVS)患者的心率变异性指标、血清肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)的变化及其临床意义。方法：选取我院心血管内科收治的VVS患者67例作为VVS组、领选取70例同龄健康体检对象作为对照组;对比两组的心率、超声心动图参数、心率变异性指标及血清CK、CK-MB水平,并对比67例患者在接受射频导管消融术治疗前后的上述指标变化情况。结果：VVS组患者的最大心率与对照组差异无统计学意义;VVS组患者的最慢心率、平均心率均低于对照组;VVS组的心率总体标准差、差值标准差、差值均方根均高于对照组;VVS组患者的左心房前后径、左心室舒张末内径、左心室射血分数与对照组差异无统计学意义;VVS组患者的血清CK、CK-MB均低于对照组;经射频导管消融术治疗后,VVS组患者的平均心率较治疗前提高;VVS组的心率总体标准差、差值标准差、差值均方根均较治疗前降低;经射频导管消融术治疗后,VVS组血清CK、CK-MB均较治疗前提高。结论：VVS患者的心率变异性更加明显、血清CK、CK-MB水平降低,采用射频导管消融术治疗能显著改善患者的心率变异性。     

Associations of Nutritional,Environmental, and Metabolic Biomarkers with Diabetes-Related Mortality in U.S. Adults: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys between 1988–1994 and 2016

Background: Nutritional, environmental, and metabolic status may play a role in affecting the progression and prognosis of type 2 diabetes. However, results in identifying prognostic biomarkers among diabetic patients have been inconsistent and inconclusive. We aimed to evaluate the associations of nutritional, environmental, and metabolic status with disease progression and prognosis among diabetic patients. Methods: In a nationally representative sample in the NHANES III (The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994), we analyzed available data on 44 biomarkers among 2113 diabetic patients aged 20 to 90 years (mean age: 58.2 years) with mortality data followed up through 2016. A panel of 44 biomarkers from blood and urine specimens available from NHANES III were included in this study and the main outcomes as well as the measures are mortalities from all-causes. We performed weighted logistic regression analyses after controlling potential confounders. To assess incremental prognostic values of promising biomarkers beyond traditional risk factors, we compared c-statistics of the adjusted models with and without biomarkers, separately. Results: In total, 1387 (65.2%) deaths were documented between 1988 and 2016. We observed an increased risk of all-cause mortality associated with higher levels of serum C-reactive protein (p for trend = 0.0004), thyroid stimulating hormone (p for trend = 0.04), lactate dehydrogenase (p for trend = 0.02), gamma glutamyl transferase (p for trend = 0.02), and plasma fibrinogen (p for trend = 0.03), and urine albumin (p for trend < 0.0001). In contrast, higher levels of serum sodium (p for trend = 0.005), alpha carotene (p for trend = 0.006), and albumin (p for trend = 0.005) were associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality. In addition, these significant associations were not modified by age, sex, or race. Inclusion of thyroid stimulating hormone (p = 0.03), fibrinogen (p = 0.01), and urine albumin (p < 0.0001), separately, modestly improved the discriminatory ability for predicting all-cause mortality among diabetic patients. Conclusions: Our nationwide study findings provide strong evidence that some nutritional, environmental, and metabolic biomarkers were significant predictors of all-cause mortality among diabetic patients and may have potential clinical value for improving stratification of mortality risk.     

Investigation of the Thermodynamic Transformation and Rare Earth Microalloying of a Medium Carbon-Medium Alloy Steel for Large Ball Mill Liners

The medium carbon-medium alloy steel was developed for the manufacture of large ball mill liners and sports equipment. In this study, the continuous cooling transformation curve of a novel type of medium carbon-medium alloy steel was measured with a thermal simulation machine; based on this curve, the hardening and tempering processes were optimized. The steel was then complex modified with alkaline earth and rare earth alloys. The mechanical properties of the treated steel were tested. The microstructure of the steel was analyzed by metallographic microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and the wear surface of the steel was analyzed by a three-dimensional morphometer. After high-temperature tempering, the microstructure transformed into tempered sorbite, which possesses good mechanical properties and can adapt to working conditions that require high strength and toughness. Rare earth or alkaline earth modification of the medium carbon-medium alloy steel promoted microstructural uniformity and grain refinement and improved the mechanical and anti-wear properties.     

大学生不安全依恋与拖延的关系：正念与自我控制的作用路径

背景 预防和干预大学生的拖延行为具有重要现实意义。已有研究表明,正念、自我控制、不安全依恋和拖延两两相关,但目前关于不安全依恋对拖延的作用机制仍不清楚,且缺乏二者间作用路径的研究。目的 探讨大学生不安全依恋对拖延的影响以及正念与自我控制的作用路径,以期为大学生拖延问题的干预提供参考。方法 于2023年2月—4月,采用整群随机抽样的方法,选取广东省4所高校的514名在校大学生为研究对象。采用非理性拖延量表（IPS）、成人依恋量表（AAS）、正念注意觉知量表（MAAS）和简式自我控制量表（BSCS）进行调查。使用Pearson相关分析考查各量表评分的相关性,使用Bootstrap法进行中介效应检验。结果 大学生AAS评分与IPS评分呈正相关（r=0.382,P<0.01）,与MAAS和BSCS评分均呈负相关（r=-0.242、-0.353,P均<0.01）;IPS评分与MAAS和BSCS评分均呈负相关（r=-0.314、-0.682,P均<0.01）;MAAS评分与BSCS评分呈正相关（r=0.439,P<0.01）。不安全依恋正向预测拖延（β=0.377,P<0.01）,自我控制是不安全依恋与拖延之间的作用路径,间接效应值为0.163（95% CI：0.105~0.223）,占总效应的43.24%,且正念与自我控制可能是不安全依恋与拖延之间的链式作用路径,间接效应值为0.056（95% CI：0.028~0.089）,占总效应的14.85%。结论 不安全依恋可以直接影响大学生拖延,也可以通过自我控制的独立作用路径及正念与自我控制的链式作用路径影响大学生拖延。     

桃仁现代研究进展和炮制方法历史沿革

桃仁Persicae Semen具有活血祛瘀、润肠通便、止咳平喘的功效,在我国具有广泛且悠久的应用历史。通过查阅历代本草典籍及现代研究文献报道,梳理桃仁的历史沿革,并对其现代炮制规范的研究进展进行归纳。为了全面理解药材,对桃仁的化学成分和药理作用的研究进展进行综述,还特别关注了药对配伍使用角度。有助于从多个方面全面了解药材的特性和潜在效果,为后续对桃仁炮制前后主要成分、指纹图谱、药理活性变化和减毒增效机制的研究提供研究思路,以期为其质量评价、临床应用和资源开发提供科学的理论依据。