药用辅料在制剂中的应用概述

药用辅料是药物制剂的基础材料的重要的组成部分,在制剂型和生产中起着关键作用,它不仅赋予药物一定剂型,并且与提高药物的疗效,降低毒副作用有很大的关系,因此,研究开发,合理应用辅仅可提高药物制剂质量和生产技术水平,而且可取得较大的社会及经济效益。     

经尿道前列腺气化术治疗前列腺增生症（附60例报道）

目的：观察经尿道气化术治疗前列腺增生症（BPH）的近期疗效。方法：应用经尿道前列腺气化术治疗BPH60例。结果：60例患手术均成功。手术时间20－＃120min。术中心电图、血压无改变。结论：认为经尿道前列腺气化术（TUVP）损伤小、安全性高、疗效确切且并发症少,尤其适用于有严重并发症的高危患,TUVP治疗BPH近期效果好,其远期效果有待进一步随访观察。     

脂多糖对大鼠肺微血管内皮细胞Gsα和Giα蛋白亚型的影响*

目的：观察脂多糖（LPS）对大鼠肺微血管内皮细胞（RPMVECs)G蛋白的影响及甲基强的松龙的干预作用。方法：用流式细胞技术（FCM）检测G蛋白亚型的变化。结果：①10μg/ml LPS作用于RPMVECs30和90min后,Gsα蛋白水平较对照组显著下降。甲基强的松龙干预30和90min后,对LPS致RPMVECs膜Gsα蛋白水平的变化有显著抑制作用。②10μg/ml LPS作用于RPMVECs30和90min后,Giα蛋白水平较对照组显著下降。甲基强的松龙干预30和90min后,对LPS致RPMVECs膜Giα蛋白水平的变化有显著抑制作用。结论：①LPS诱导RPMVECS Gsα和Giα蛋白水平的变化可能是LPS诱导RPMVECs单层通透性增加的机制之一。②甲基强的松龙参与抑制LPS诱导RPMVECs单层通透性增加的作用。     

小儿复杂性尿道下裂的处理

目的 :为探讨复杂性尿道下裂手术疗效。方法 :对近 5年间收治的复杂性尿道下裂 2 9例进行回顾性研究 ,全部病例再次手术 ,术式为带蒂包皮或阴茎皮管转移尿道成形、原位阴茎阴囊皮管尿道成形、阴囊皮管和包皮皮管转移联合形成尿道等术式重建尿道。结果 :除 1例经原位阴茎皮管尿道成形术后遗留 2个尿瘘外 ,余 2 8例均获成功 ,成功率 96 .5 %。结论 :术前仔细评估 ,选择合适的手术方式是获得成功的关键。     

国际胰腺外科研究组(ISGPS)《胰十二指肠切除术后胰腺残端消化道吻合重建共识》解读

胰瘘是胰十二指肠切除术后常见并发症。改进胰腺残端消化道吻合重建的方式,提高吻合质量,以期降低胰瘘发生率,是胰腺外科经久不衰的热点问题。基于此,国际胰腺外科研究组（ISGPS）总结1995年1月至2015年12月之间发表在PubMed和Cochrane数据库中有关“胰腺残端消化道吻合重建”的文献,提出《胰十二指肠切除术后胰腺残端消化道吻合重建共识》。本文结合相应学术进展,就这一共识的要点进行简要解读,希望能为相关临床实践及临床研究提供参考。     

Risk Factors and Outcomes for Preoperative Asymptomatic Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Aged 60 Years and Over with Hip Fracture

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors for, and outcomes of, preoperative asymptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients ≥60 years old following delayed operation for hip fracture.MethodsFrom March 2017 to December 2018, 90 patients aged ≥60 years with hip fracture who suffered a delay in surgery were recruited to this prospective study following admission to our hospital. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) was used to detect preoperative asymptomatic PE and calculated its incidence. Time from injury to admission, baseline characteristics, medical comorbidities, and blood biomarker levels were evaluated as potential risk factors. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors. Mortality and major bleeding events were recorded and compared between individuals with PE and without. Data were analyzed by t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, χ ² test, Fisher''s exact test, and logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe incidence of preoperative asymptomatic PE was 18.9% (17/90 patients). In the univariate analysis, the risk factors for preoperative asymptomatic PE were male sex, hypertension, cerebrovascular accident, smoking, plasma D‐dimer level, potassium level, urea level, creatinine level, and cysteine level. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of preoperative asymptomatic PE was higher in patients with hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 10.048; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.118–90.333), cerebrovascular accident (OR = 20.135; 95% CI, 1.875–216.164), smoking (OR = 48.741; 95% CI, 4.155–571.788), high plasma D‐dimer levels (OR = 1.200; 95% CI, 1.062–157.300), and high plasma potassium levels (OR = 12.928; 95% CI, 1.062–157.300). All patients were followed up for 21.0 months (range, 2 to 36 months). Mortality within the first year postoperatively was higher in patients with PE (29.41% vs 9.59%, P = 0.046).ConclusionsIn view of the high incidence of preoperative asymptomatic PE and the inferior prognosis in individuals with PE, routine CTPA examination for preoperative asymptomatic PE could be useful for patients aged ≥60 years with hip fracture for whom surgery is delayed.     

A nationwide post-marketing survey of knowledge,attitude and practice toward human papillomavirus vaccine in general population: Implications for vaccine roll-out in mainland China

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been increasingly discussed in mainland China since its first approval in 2016. To date, nearly all studies assessing HPV vaccine perceptions and attitudes were implemented during pre-licensure period. Therefore, the nationwide post-marketing survey was conducted to update knowledge, attitudes and practice on HPV vaccine among general population in mainland China.MethodsParticipants aged 18–45 years living in mainland China were recruited in April 2019 by multi-stage non-randomized sampling. Sociodemographic factors, HPV and HPV vaccine related awareness, knowledge, attitudes, vaccine uptake and potential obstacles were assessed in questionnaires. Bivariate analysis and multivariate regression were used to identify disparity among subgroups with different sociodemographic characteristics.Results4,000 women (32.1 ± 7.81y) and 1,000 men (31.8 ± 7.96y) were included in final analysis. Less than one third of participants had heard of HPV (female: 31%; male: 22%) and HPV vaccine (female: 34%; male: 23%). Knowledge score was also unfavorable on HPV (female: 3 out of 13; male: 1.8 out of 13) and HPV vaccine (female: 3 out of 6; male: 2 out of 5). Only 3% females had been vaccinated three years after HPV licensure in China, although willingness to get vaccinated among those unvaccinated were high (mean willingness score ± SD: female: 3.3 ± 0.97; male: 3.0 ± 0.98). Industry of employment and household income were the major factors related to awareness and knowledge of vaccine, whereas HPV and HPV vaccine awareness were key influential factors for willingness. The main obstacles of vaccination were safety concerns, lack of knowledge, and high price of HPV vaccines.ConclusionsFindings highlight a lack of vaccine awareness, knowledge, and poor uptake in mainland China and underscore the necessity of health education campaigns. The identified priority groups, contents to be delivered and practical obstacles could furthermore provide insight into health education to reduce disparities and accelerate HPV vaccine roll-out in China.     

IL-2和IFNa对自然杀伤功能的共同增强作用

用改良的单细胞细胞毒试验研究了IL-2和IFN_(?)对人外周血淋巴细胞NK的增强作用及共同增强作用。结果表明,IL-2或IFN_a单独预处理人外周血淋巴细胞(PBL)均不影响淋巴细胞与靶(K_(562))细胞的结合率,但能显著增加与靶细胞结合的淋巴细胞的杀伤率;同时用IL-2和IFN_a预处理人PBL后,淋巴细胞与靶细胞的结合率也没有显著改变,但结合的淋巴细胞的杀伤率显著高于单独用IL-2或IFN_a预处理后淋巴细胞的杀伤率,而且IL-2和IFN_a的增强作用存在加和性。这提示,IL-2和IFN_a能分别激活不同的NK细胞,即,NK细胞在其激活信号方面存在异质性。