Lamivudine for the prevention of hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatitis B s-antigen seropositive cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy.

PURPOSE: For cancer patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy, hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is a well described complication resulting in varying degrees of liver damage. The objectives of this study were to assess the efficacy of the antiviral agent lamivudine in reducing the incidence of HBV reactivation and diminishing morbidity and mortality of cancer patients with chronic HBV infection during chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two groups were compared in this nonrandomized study. The prophylactic lamivudine group consisted of 65 patients in a phase II study who were treated with lamivudine before and until 8 weeks after discontinuing chemotherapy. The historical controls consisted of 193 consecutive patients who underwent chemotherapy without prophylactic lamivudine. Significant prognosticators for the development of HBV reactivation were determined based on data from the controls. Potential confounding factors were identified between the two groups. The outcomes were compared. RESULTS: In the controls, lymphoma and anthracycline usage were factors identified to be associated with reactivation. The two groups were comparable in most baseline characteristics, although in the prophylactic lamivudine group, there were significantly more patients with lymphoma and receiving anthracyclines. In the prophylactic lamivudine group, there was significantly less HBV reactivation (4.6% v 24.4% in the controls; P <.001), fewer incidences of hepatitis (17.5% v 44.6%; P <.0001) that were less severe (4.8% v 18.7%; P =.0005), and less disruption of chemotherapy (15.4% v 34.6%; P =.0029). The reduction in overall mortality was not statistically different. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic lamivudine significantly reduced the incidence of HBV reactivation and the overall morbidity of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.     

消瘀散消肿止痛作用的实验观察

消瘀散在临床运用中有较好的消肿止痛之功效．为了证实其药理作用，作者用大白鼠建立急性软组织损伤和血肿的实验模型，使用消疾散进行治疗。观察结果表明该药能够有效抑制创伤性无菌性炎症反应，促进血肿吸收，提高实验动物的痛阈值；而且药效随作用时间的延长而逐渐增加。实验结果为该药的消肿止痛作用提供了科学依据。     

4-羟苯基维甲酰胺对膀胱癌细胞的放疗增敏性研究

目的:观察N-(4-羟苯基)维甲酰胺(4-HPR)联合γ-射线对人膀胱移行细胞癌的生长抑制和诱导凋亡作用,分析两者之间是否存在协同作用.方法:应用四甲基偶氮蓝比色(MTT)法检测4-HPR对膀胱癌细胞株T24的细胞毒性作用、半数抑瘤率及起效浓度和时间.应用流式细胞仪检测4-HPR、γ-射线及两者联合应用时对T24细胞生长抑制作用.结果:2.5μmol/L、5μmol/L、10μmol/L的4-HPR作用T24细胞5天的凋亡率分别为6.2%、28.0%和26.0%,死亡率分别为0.3%、12.5%和26.7%.联合作用组细胞分别加入2.5μmol/L、5μmol/L的4-HPR,100cgy的γ-射线照射一次,3天后T24细胞的凋亡率分别为20.0%、26.0%,细胞的死亡率均在5.0%以下.5天后T24细胞的凋亡率分别为38.0%、35.0%,而细胞的死亡率分别为12.4%、21.1%.结论:小剂量的4-HPR可以诱导T24细胞凋亡,大剂量的4-HPR主要导致T24细胞死亡.小剂量的4-HPR联合小剂量的γ-射线对T24细胞凋亡有明显的协同作用.     

液相色谱-质谱测定鸦胆子油脂肪乳注射液在癌症患者体内的血药浓度

目的 建立液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)法测定癌症患者单剂量滴注鸦胆 子油脂肪乳后体内油酸浓度。方法 用自身对照试验设计,7名癌症患者,第3 天不给药,抽取不同时间点空白血浆样品;第5天,单剂量滴注鸦胆子油脂肪乳 注射液100 mL,滴注开始后,抽取不同时间点血浆样品,60 min滴完,用LC- MS法测定血药浓度。结果 线性范围为2．44-156 mg·L-1;日内、日间变异 系数均<14％;7名癌症患者单剂量滴注鸦胆子油脂肪乳注射液100 mL后,主 要药代动力学参数:tmax=(1．08±0．19)h,Cmax(95．20±29．10)mg·L-1, AUC0-7h=(265．67±59．32)mg·h·L-1,t1／2=(12．14±6．42)h。结论 本法 适用临床测定血浆中油酸浓度。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸酯对体外神经细胞的作用

目的：观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2，2，2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸酯(NMF)，对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法：采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法，解剖分离15d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞，接种于96孔板，48h后加药并培养72h，以MTT法观察NMF对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响；同时将接种于24孔板的细胞预先给予NMF，d3时加或不加KA处理后，以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞，可得出细胞的存活率。结果：NMF明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性，其中NMF 1、0．1、10 nmol·L~(-1)促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达34．7％、37．4％、36．7％。NMF明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活率，与对照组比较，10、1nmol·L~(-1)NMF对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高39．3％、73．5％。NMF能显著对抗KA所致的神经元损伤，与KA损伤组相比，NMF0．1、10、1nmol·L~(-1)对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为77．30％、80．10％、84．15％。结论：NMF明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的活性、提高正常皮层神经元的存活率，并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤，提示NMF是一种很有潜力的治疗AD的药物。     

A comparison of strain-related susceptibility in two murine recovery models of global cerebral ischemia

Genetically engineered mice are increasingly important in stroke research. The strains on which these constructs are built are known to have inherent differential sensitivities to ischemic insults. This has been largely attributed to differences in vascular anatomy. This study compared the outcome from forebrain ischemia in two common murine background strains using two different types of ischemic insult. C57Bl/6 and SV129 mice were subjected to two vessel (bilateral carotid) occlusion (2VO) or 2VO plus systemic hypotension (2VO+Hypo; mean arterial pressure=30+/-2 mmHg) for 10-20 min. Ventilation and pericranial temperature were controlled. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was determined by 14C-iodoantipyrine autoradiography. Histologic damage in forebrain structures was measured 3 days post-ischemia. During 2VO+Hypo, the EEG became isoelectric in all animals. During 2VO alone, EEG isoelectricity occurred in 73% of C57Bl/6 and 50% of SV129 mice. Forebrain CBF was reduced to a similar extent in both strains. Greater CBF variability was seen with 2VO alone versus 2VO+Hypo. CBF was less in the 2VO+Hypo model. SV129 mice had wider posterior communicating but smaller basilar artery diameters. With or without hypotension, SV129 mice had markedly less severe histologic damage than C57Bl/6 mice. A time-dependent increase in histologic damage was demonstrated in the 2VO+Hypo model but not with 2VO alone. The 2VO and 2VO+Hypo models produced similar magnitudes of histologic injury in C57Bl/6 mice subjected to 10-min ischemia. SV129 mice were resistant to ischemia in either model. The 2VO+Hypo model produced a more uniform severity of ischemia as defined by CBF and EEG examination. Despite this, the murine strain had a substantially greater impact on histologic outcome than did cerebrovascular anatomy or the type of model used to produce the ischemic insult.     

Neurogenesis and identification of developing layers in the visual cortex of the wallaby (Macropus eugenii)

Birthdates of the neurons that comprise the layers of the mature visual cortex in the wallaby (Macropus eugenii) have been determined with the aid of tritiated thymidine autoradiography. The laminar positions of cells, identified by their birthdates, have then been followed at early stages during development and compared with previously published data on the distribution of thalamocortical afferents and corticothalamic projecting cells (Sheng et al. [1991] J. Comp. Neurol. 307:17-38). Neurons are born in a deep to superficial sequence typical of other mammals. The loosely packed zone of cells, which develops at the base of the thin compact zone of cells at the superficial margin of the cortical plate early in development, was identified as being part of the cortical plate. Afferents did not wait below this zone but grew into the developing cortical layers immediately after the cells that form these layers began accumulating in the loosely packed zone, starting with layer 6 on postnatal day 22 (P22). The genesis of layer 4 did not begin until P32, and these cells reached the superficial cortical plate at P54 and entered the loosely packed zone by P65. Cells of layers 5 and 6 formed the initial projection to the thalamus. Despite the protracted development of the wallaby and the large discrepancy between the time of thalamic ingrowth and genesis of layer 4, there was no extended waiting period for afferents in the subplate.     

非淋菌性尿道炎合并盆腔感染药物治疗效果对比研究

目的探讨临床上对非淋菌性尿道(宫颈)炎合并盆腔感染有效的治疗方法。方法将妇产科及性病科门诊确诊的非淋菌性尿道(宫颈)炎合并盆腔感染201例病人随机分为2组,治疗组采用头孢曲松纳加阿奇霉素治疗,对照组采用头孢曲松纳加口服美满霉素治疗。结果治疗组治愈率为80.95%,总有效率为97.14%;对照组治愈率为58.33%,总有效率为69.79%。两者的,临床治愈率及有效率有显著性的差异(P<0.005)。结论头孢曲松纳加阿奇霉素静脉给药治疗非淋菌性尿道(宫颈)炎合并盆腔感染取得良好的治疗效果,较头孢曲松纳加美满霉素效果有显著性提高。     

原发性高血压患者瘦素及神经肽Y与血脂的关系

目的　研究原发性高血压患者瘦素及神经肽Y与血脂的相互关系。方法　对 116例原发性高血压患者及 2 6例健康对照者采用放免分析法测量瘦素 (LE)及神经肽Y(NPY)浓度 ,并同时测定血总胆固醇 (CH)、甘油三脂 (TG)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL)浓度。结果　高血压组体重指数 (BMI)、血CH、TG、NPY及LEP浓度均显著高于正常对照组 ,而HDL浓度则显著低于正常对照组 (P均 <0 0 1)。相关分析显示 ,LE浓度与收缩压、舒张压、BMI、血CH、TG及NPY浓度呈显著正相关 (P均 <0 0 5 )。结论　血浆瘦素浓度升高可能是原发性高血压发病患机制之一 ,并通过神经肽Y的作用与原发性高血压患者发生血脂紊乱及肥胖有关     

枕下远外侧入路解剖研究与临床应用

目的　探讨枕下远外侧入路的相关解剖研究和临床应用效果。方法　选用 2 0例成人头颅湿标本进行显微解剖测量。应用枕下远外侧入路切除枕大孔区和前外侧肿瘤 10例。结果　枕骨髁为术中重要的解剖标志 ,枕下三角为显露椎动脉的重要标志 ,枕下三角由三条肌肉形成 ,即头后大直肌、头上斜肌和头下斜肌。枕下三角内有椎动脉及肌支 ,椎静脉丛和颈 1神经。测量寰椎横突孔外缘至椎动脉入颅处距离 ,左侧 (16 .87± 2 .0 8)mm、右侧 (16 .79± 1.90 )mm。枕大孔区肿瘤 10例手术中 ,肿瘤全切 6例 ,次全切 3例 ,大部分切除 1例 ,无手术死亡。结论　枕下远外侧入路手术应了解枕大孔区的相关解剖参数和局部解剖结构 ,该入路优点能增加术野空间 ,最大程度上显露肿瘤组织 ,减少对脑干和重要血管神经牵拉。