医源性骨折的预防与治疗

[目的]分析医源性骨折发生原因及机制,探讨防治方法。[方法]回顾性研究42例医源性骨折,术前骨折:不适当检查及关节复位所致病理性骨折6例,术中骨折:共28例,其中关节置换术中股骨劈裂骨折16例,四肢骨折绞锁钉固定劈裂骨折10例,股骨骨折骨愈合内固定取除困难术中再骨折2例。术后骨折:共8例,其中股骨假体周围骨折4例,四肢骨折骨愈合内固定取除后再骨折4例。[结果]40例骨折愈合,2例骨不连。无感染、骨髓炎,无血管神经损伤。[结论]医源性骨折发生与医生的责任心、技术水平及临床经验有直接关系。提高认识、重视治疗的各个环节,可有效减少医源性骨折发生率。     

应用脑保护装置实施颈动脉支架成形术的临床经验

目的探讨脑保护装置在颈动脉支架成形术中的价值。方法自2000年10月至2006年8月对65例颈动脉狭窄患者实施了颈动脉支架成形术。共植入支架75个,其中颈内动脉支架68个,颈总动脉支架2个,同时植入锁骨下动脉支架2个,椎动脉支架3个,4例术前安装了临时起搏器。结果65例中2例脑保护装置置放失败,63例成功。63例脑保护装置中26例可见斑块碎片,1例术中出现一过性脑缺血,1例同时置入椎动脉支架后发生椎动脉血栓形成;9例术中出现一过性低血压、心动过缓,4例术前安装临时起搏器者未发生术中低血压。5例出现术后低血压,1例术后原有神经系统症状加重。1例双颈动脉支架成形术后出现高血压。结论颈动脉支架成形术是治疗颈动脉狭窄的有效手段,在有脑保护装置的条件下,正规熟练的操作和严格的预防措施能有效提高安全性,减少并发症。     

结肠造口患者肠道准备方法

目的 探讨结肠造口患者有效的肠道准备方法,提高工作效率.方法 对40例结肠造口患者实施口服泻药的同时在造口袋内进行清洁灌肠.结果 40例结肠造口患者均饮完复方聚乙二醇4000口服溶液用粉后无不良反应,灌肠过程中无1例患者出现腹痛、腹胀及肠穿孔,肠道清洁度达100%.结论 口服泻药的同时在造口袋内进行清洁灌肠可减轻患者的痛苦,提高工作效率.     

胫后动脉穿支骨(膜)皮瓣移植修复手部复合组织缺损

Objective To study the methods and effects of repairing composite tissue defects of the hand by transfering posterior tibial artery perforator bone(periosteum) flap.Methods Nine cases of traumatic bone and soft tissue defects in the hand underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of the lower leg preoperatively.According to angiography results and the anatomical characteristics, the tibial nutrient artery or osteoseptocutaneous perforator vessel of the posterior tibial artery was selected as vascular pedicle to harvest tibial artery perforator bone (periosteum) flap.The osteocutaneous flap was transferrede to repair the bone and soft tissue defect in the hand.The volume of the harvested bone ranged from 1.5 cm× 0.6 cm× 0.4 cm to 3.5 cm×0.7 cm×0.5 cm.The area of the skin flap ranged from 4.0cm×3.5cm to 7.0cm×4.0cm.Results All the composite tissue flaps survived completely.Postoperative follow-up for 3 to 18 months revealed that the fracture line disappeared in 3 to 4 months and all fractures healed.According to the TAM system of joint function assessment/provisional upper limb function evaluation standard isled by the Chinese Hand Surgery Society,88.9% of the cases achieved satisfactory results.Conclusion Transfer of posterior tibial artery perforator bone (periosteum) flap is an ideal procedure to repair composite tissue defects of the hand.No major vessel of the donor site is sacrificed.The good size match between the vessels of the donor site and recipient site makes vascular anastomosis easy.Donor site morbidity is minor.Bone healing time is short.     

促甲状腺激素型垂体腺瘤的临床诊疗特点

目的 研究促甲状腺激素(TSH)型垂体腺瘤的临床诊断和治疗特点.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2008年12月收治的19例TSH型垂体腺瘤患者的临床资料.男性14例,女性5例;年龄20～70岁,平均40.5岁;病程1～228个月,平均55个月.15例患者因甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)症状就诊,其中12例被误诊为原发性甲亢并口服抗甲亢药物治疗,另3例入院后很快确诊.4例患者因头痛和视力视野障碍等肿瘤占位效应就诊.在12例误诊患者中,2例行131I放射性核素治疗,1例行甲状腺大部分切除.所有患者均行经蝶垂体腺瘤切除术.结果 病理均为垂体腺瘤,免疫组化TSH阳性17例,阴性2例,生长激素阳性2例,泌乳素阳性1例,促肾上腺皮质激素阳性1例.术后MRI显示肿瘤全切除15例,肿瘤残留4例.随访时间6个月～7年,平均3.6年.术后3个月内甲状腺激素水平各项均正常13例,其中2例3个月后复查TSH再次升高,但MRI未见肿瘤复发,行垂体放疗后甲状腺各项激素均正常.手术治愈率11/19,手术加放疗治愈率13/19.结论 对合并TSH升高的甲亢患者的筛查是提高TSH型垂体腺瘤的早期诊断的关键.治疗采用以手术治疗为主,垂体放疗和生长抑素为辅的治疗方法.     

腹部大手术后早期肠内营养的免疫学研究

目的：研究早期肠内营养支持对腹部大手术患者对机体免疫的影响。方法：37例腹部大手术患者,术后第1天即由鼻肠管进行肠内营养支持（EN组）,同时取另外37例行肠外营养（PN）组的腹部大手术患者,对营养指标和体液免疫指标进行检测。结果：EN组患者均能良好耐受早期肠内营养支持,肠内营养开始后第15天的血红蛋白、清蛋白、转铁蛋白均比PN组升高（P〈0.05）,第15天IgG较PN组升高（P〈0.05）,第3天IgA较PN组下降（P〈0.05）,第15天IgA下降更明显（P〈0.05）,第15天IgM变化与PN组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：手术后早期肠内营养的施行能够明显改善患者腹部大手术后的营养状况,不损害机体的体液免疫机制,安全有效,是较理想的营养支持措施之一。     

5-ALA荧光膀胱镜的应用对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌早期复发率的影响

目的：探讨5-氨基乙酰丙酸（5-ALA）荧光膀胱镜的应用对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌术后早期复发率的影响。方法：将90例非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者随机分为两组,每组45例,分别在白光膀胱镜和5-ALA荧光膀胱镜下行TURBt,术后6周所有患者均行5-ALA荧光膀胱镜检查以观察肿瘤复发情况,并对复发肿瘤行二次TURBt。结果：行二次TURBt后,90例患者中,25例（27．7％）发现有肿瘤发生,其中自光膀胱镜组18例（40％）,荧光膀胱镜组7例（15．5％）,两组间比较差异有统计学意义（P=0．05）。结论：5=ALA荧光膀胱镜对膀胱肿瘤的诊断和治疗具有较高价值,可以显著降低非肌层浸润性膀胱癌术后早期复发率。     

冲击波与地塞米松对自体血清培养的骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化的比较研究

[目的]观察冲击波(shock waves)与地塞米松对自体血清培养的人骨髓间充质干细胞(human mesenchyreal stem cells,hMSCs)体外成骨分化的影响比较.[方法]选择10名健康志愿者,每名健康志愿者抽取骨髓60 ml,抽取外周静脉血100 ml,然后分离出自体血清.把每名志愿者的骨髓分别...     

肾癌所致骨软化症一例报告及文献复习

目的 探讨肿瘤源性低磷骨软化症(OO)的临床表现、病理特点、治疗及预后.方法 OO患者1例,男,17岁.双下肢无力、肌肉萎缩、关节疼痛4年.实验室检查提示低血磷,X线检查示诸腰椎不同程度楔形变,骨盆骨质密度减低.B超检查见左肾正常形态消失,上极可见部分肾结构,中下极被巨大混合结构取代,大小约15.1 cm×14.5 cm×13.2 cm,与胰尾分界欠清,内部回声不均,血流丰富,可见多支血管穿行其内.CT检查见左肾巨大肿瘤,直径15.0 cm,增强后中度强化;瘤体内见多发回流静脉血管影,左肾动脉、左副肾动脉及肠系膜下动脉的分支参与肿瘤供血;肿瘤下方迂曲静脉血管团回流入左肾静脉.奥曲肽显像检查见左肾中下极水平巨大异常放射性浓聚区,考虑为生长抑素受体高表达之病变.诊断为左肾恶性肿瘤伴骨软化症.行经腹左肾根治性切除术,术中见左肾中下极巨大类圆形肿瘤,直径约15.0 cm,表面包绕大量怒张的静脉.手术顺利. 结果术后7 d血磷恢复正常,下肢肌力较前改善.病理报告为肾透明细胞癌,波形蛋白(+),肾细胞癌抗体(+),Ki-67约2%.随诊11个月,骨软化症状逐渐消失,肿瘤无复发及转移. 结论 OO罕见,尤其是肾癌所致OO,目前尚未见报道.对临床表现为乏力、下肢活动障碍、骨痛、低磷血症的患者,应考虑OO的可能,并积极寻找肿瘤病灶.一旦确诊,手术切除是主要治疗手段,预后较好.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations, pathologic features, treatment and prognosis of oncogenic osteomalacia (OO). Methods A 17-year-old male patient was admitted.The patient presented with a 4-year history of progressive lower limb weakness, muscle atrophy and joint pain. Lab tests demonstrated hypophosphatemia. Lumbar and pelvic X-ray showed wedging of the lumbar spine and decreased pelvic bone density. Ultrasonography revealed a low-echo and bloodrich mass measuring 15.1 cm× 14.5 cm× 13.2 cm located at the lower pole of left kidney. Computed tomography showed a voluminous enhanced tumor, supplied by the left renal artery, vice renal artery and a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery. A tortuous vein at the lower part of the tumor drained into the left renal vein. A radioactive octreotide scan was used to study an increased radionuclide-uptake lesion which was initially suspected on the CT scan. The patient was preoperatively diagnosed with left malignant kidney tumor and oncogenic osteomalacia. During a left radical nephrectomy performed through a transperitoneal anterior subcostal incision, a round diameter 15 cm tumor covered by twisted veins was found. The patient recovered well postoperatively. Results The histological diagnosis was renal clear cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining detected Vimentin and RCC were positive and Ki-67antigen index was about 2 %. After lesion removal, the paraneoplastic syndrome resolved. At the 11-month follow-up, no recurrence of the disease was observed. Conclusions Oncogenic osteomalacia is rare and OO with renal cell carcinoma has not been reported so far. OO or rickets should be suspected in those patients who presented with metabolic bone disease associated with hypophosphatemia and inappropriate phosphaturia. If OO syndrome was suspected, in addition to past medical history and imaging, a standard meticulous examination should be initiated promptly. Surgical treatment is still necessary once confirmed. And all of them achieved a good prognosis.     

大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞体外增殖研究

目的:探讨通过优化细胞培养体系,实现Leydig细胞的体外增殖培养。方法:联合应用胶原酶消化、不锈钢滤网过滤及差速贴壁法获得3周龄雄性Wistar大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞,贴壁细胞以DMEM/F12培养液及优化培养体系培养,MTT法、细胞计数法检测培养细胞的增殖能力;分别对原代培养2h、4d细胞进行3β-HSD免疫化学染色及流式细胞术分析,检测细胞成分,同时检测培养细胞睾酮在hCG刺激下分泌能力变化。结果:优化培养体系能够明显促进3周龄大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞大量增殖,群体倍增时间为(2.26±0.31)d,传统培养体系培养细胞群体倍增时间为(16.32±2.14)d,两者差异有显著性(P<0.05);原代细胞经流式细胞术鉴定,3β-HSD阳性细胞所占比例分别为(54.3±7.1)%,培养4d后,增殖细胞3β-HSD阳性细胞率为(93.6±4.6)%。增殖细胞均有睾酮生成功能,在hCG刺激下睾酮分泌均明显上升(P<0.05)。结论:优化培养体系能够促进差速贴壁法获得的睾丸Leydig细胞大量增殖。