北京市顺义县50岁及以上人群中盲患病率调查

目的 调查北京市顺义县５０岁及以上人群盲患病率,并与１９８５年调查结果相比较,以此评价近１０余年该县实施防盲治项目的效果。方法 １９９６年９～１１月采用整群随机抽样方法在顺义县抽取２８个调查点,对５０岁及以上人群进行视力和眼部检查。正式现场调查之前先进行预试验,并进行保证调查质量的重复性检验。结果 检录５５５５例中,受检人数为５０８４例,受检率为９１．５％。以世界卫生组织视力损伤为标准,盲患病率为     

硅油下视网膜复位术疗效探讨

目的 总结硅油填充术后视网膜再脱离行硅油正视网膜复位术的疗效,探讨该手术的适应证及手术技巧。方法 对１７例（１７只眼）硅油填充术后视网膜再脱离者,在保留硅油的条件下,做睫状体扁平部３切口,在导光纤维的导引下行剥膜、断膜、视网膜切开、内放液、内激光光凝、视网膜下全氟化碳液体取出、补充硅油等使视网膜得位。结果 １７只眼中,术后视网膜重位１４只眼,成功率为８２．４％。术中硅油误入前房１只眼,误入脉络膜上     

黄斑裂孔的光学相干断层成像分析

目的 探讨黄斑裂孔的光学相干断层成像（ｏｐｔｉｃａｌ ｃｏｈｅｒｅｎｃｅ ｔｏｍｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＯＣＴ）特征及ＯＣＴ临床应用价值。方法 １９９８年９～１２月临床诊断为黄斑裂孔者共３５例（３８只眼）。经双眼散瞳后进行ＯＣＴ检查,对获取的图像进行分析和测量。结果 １例（１只眼）ＯＣＴ显示为玻璃牵引：１例（１只眼）为黄斑前膜所致的性裂孔：３３例（３６只眼）为黄斑裂孔,其中３例累及双眼。３６只眼中,板层黄     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和胰岛素样生长因子—Ⅰ及其协同作用对？…

目的 研究碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｂａｓｉｃ ｆｉｂｒｏｂｌａｓｔ ｇｒｏｗｔｈ ｆａｃｔｏｒ,ｂＦＧＦ）、胰岛素样生长因子－１（ｉｎｓｕｌｉｎ－ｌｉｋｅ ｇｒｏｗｔｈ ｆａｃｔｏｒ－１,ＩＧＦ－１）及二者的共同作用对体外牛晶体上皮细胞（ｂｏｖｉｎｅ ｌｅｎｓｅｐｉｔｈｅｌｉａｌ ｃｅｌｌ,ＢＬＥＣ）增殖的影响。方法 ＢＬＥＣ原代培养,取第４例细胞种入２４孔板,加入不同浓度的ｂＦＧＦ、ＩＧＦ－１,     

Underdevelopment of optic radiation in children with amblyopia: a tractography study

PURPOSE: To detect the abnormalities of the optic radiation (OR) in children with amblyopia by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tractography. DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial. METHODS: Fourteen children with amblyopia and 14 normally sighted children underwent DTI scanning. After the ORs were reconstructed by using tractography algorithm, voxels through which the anterior parts of ORs passed were determined for their values of fractional anisotropy (FA). The paired t test was applied to compare their mean FA values of right OR and left OR in the control group. For the amblyopia group, analysis of variance was conducted to determine the effect of laterality and vision status on the FA values. In addition, the voxel numbers of anterior and posterior parts of both ORs were calculated. The Student t test was used to compare the average FA of bilateral ORs and voxel numbers between the two groups. RESULTS: Comparison demonstrated left-higher-than-right asymmetry in both amblyopic children and normal children. We found no significant difference of average FA between the amblyopic group (0.4832 +/- 0.0225) and control group (0.4770 +/- 0.0273). Voxel numbers of the anterior parts of both ORs were not significantly different between the two groups, whereas voxel numbers of their posterior parts in the controls were more than that of amblyopic children. CONCLUSION: Tractography showed more voxels in the posterior ORs of normal children than in the amblyopic children, indicating that normal children have better development of the ORs. The underdevelopment of the ORs might reflect the dysfunction of visual cortex in children with amblyopia.     

Measuring health-related quality of life in patients with mild to moderate eczema and psoriasis: clinical validity, reliability and sensitivity to change of the DLQI. The Cavide Research Group

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility, validity, reliability and sensitivity to change of a Spanish version of the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) in patients with mild to moderate eczema and psoriasis who were treated with topical corticosteroids. The final study sample comprised 237 patients (48% eczema). Discriminant validity was tested by comparing patients' scores with those of a random sample of the general population (n = 100), and convergent validity by analysing correlations between DLQI scores, measures of clinical severity, and domain scores on the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were tested in clinically stable patients (n = 94), and responsiveness in a clinically unstable group (n = 143) initiating treatment with topical corticosteroids. Patient scores were significantly higher than general population scores (4.3 vs. 0. 27, P < 0.001). Correlations with NHP domains ranged from 0.12 to 0. 32, and there was significant correlation with clinical measures (r = 0.26, P < 0.001). Reliability was good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.83; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.88), and the instrument proved responsive to change (effect size for the total group of de novo patients = 0.70), though the great majority of changes occurred in items 1 and 2. The NHP Emotional Reactions and Mobility domains were more responsive than some DLQI domains. In clinical trials of treatments for mild to moderate eczema and psoriasis, it is likely that only items 1 and 2 of the DLQI will be needed, and it is probably advisable to include generic instruments alongside the DLQI.     

Treatment of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula with detachable balloon.

From November 1986 to February 1989, 18 patients with traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas were treated by means of detachable balloon, which was made by ourselves. Successful embolization was achieved in 15 patients. Draining features of the fistulas and methods of embolization were introduced. The method was compared with other methods. Selection of treatments and problems in embolization are discussed.

     

Quantitative study of the number of Langerhans cells per surface unit in allergic contact eczema

The key role of the Langerhans cell (LC) in the immune response and particularly in allergic contact dermatitis is well documented. At first, we determined in the epidermis of the forearm by a non-sensitized adult volunteer, the variations in the density of LC (number/mm2), following the application of various chemicals: nickel sulphate 5 p. 100; erythromycin base 2 p. 100, 2,4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene (DNCB) 0.02 p. 100 in white petrolatum. Measurements were made at 6, 24 and 48 hours. In a second stage, the volunteer was sensitized to DNCB and a similar study was performed after application of DNCB 0.02 p. 100 at 6 and 24 hours. Normal skin was used as control. The epidermis was obtained by using the suction blister method: LC were identified by the enzymatic ATPase technique and by the immunocytological OKT6 technique. Surfaces were determined by means of a computerized digital tablet. Results obtained with the ATPase technique cannot be interpreted. The density of LC determined by the OKT6 is not significantly modified when the various chemicals are applied on the skin of the non-sensitized volunteer. After sensitization to DNCB, the number of LC is significantly increased after 6 hours of application of DNCB 0.02 p. 100 but not after 24 hours. Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary observations.     

即刻种植动物模型的建立及意义

为建立与临床即刻种植相符的动物模型,采用去骨法扩大犬下颌前磨牙新鲜拔牙创和种植直径２ｍｍ自攻螺纹式纯钛种植体,对以往即刻种植动物实验模型加以改进,使种植体植入后其近中留有３ｍｍ×３ｍｍ×５ｍｍ的骨缺损区,设计为异体脱钙冻干骨粒（ＤＦＤＢＡ）植入组和对照组,于术后２周、４周、８周、１２周取材观察骨缺损愈合情况。结果,ＤＦＤＢＡ植入组１２周骨缺损为新骨替代,对照组骨缺损仅修复３／５。该模型制作简便、制模时间短、接近临床,是一种较好的用于即刻种植研究的动物模型     

Gene–gene interactions in IL23/Th17 pathway contribute to psoriasis susceptibility in Chinese Han population

Background Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. IL23/Th17 is a newly confirmed pathway in psoriasis. Objective To investigate the gene–gene interactions in IL23/Th17 pathway underlying psoriasis. Methods A total of 299 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms from 11 genes in IL23/Th17 pathway were genotyped on 1139 patients with psoriasis and 1694 controls. Multifactor dimensionality reduction and logistic regression algorithms were applied to explore the gene–gene interactions. Results We found that there were a three‐way interaction among IL21, CCR4 and TNF(χ² = 5.02(1), P = 0.025) and three pair‐wise gene–gene interactions between IL12RB1 and CCR4(χ² = 11.66(4), P = 0.0201), IL22 and CCR4 (χ² = 11.97(4), P = 0.0176), IL12RB1 and IL6 (χ² = 7.31(1), P = 0.0069) in psoriasis. Conclusions Our results might be helpful for explaining the missing heritability of the psoriasis due to epistasis and provide a deep insight into the important role of the IL23/Th17 pathway in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.