A normal flow pattern in women does not exclude voiding pathology

It is a widespread assumption that normal micturition behaviour is reflected in a normal flow pattern. This would also mean that a normal flow curve would correspond with normal voiding and would even permit to exclude voiding difficulties. In our study we investigated the value of a normal flow pattern in four different groups: stress incontinent women, women with bladder overactivity, healthy middle-aged volunteers and healthy students. These women voided with a bell-shaped flow curve on pressure flow in 50, 65, 57 and 50%, respectively. Women who strained to void, a major component of dysfunctional voiding, managed to void a bell-shaped flow curve in 46, 60, 70 and 100%, respectively. Our study demonstrates that a normal bell-shaped flow curve does not exclude voiding dysfunction in women.Editorial Comment: It is assumed that normal voiding behavior is reflected in a normal flow pattern, but it is unknown whether one can assume the correlate, that is whether a normal flow curve corresponds to normal voiding. To answer this question, the authors prospectively evaluated free flow and pressure flow patterns in four groups—women with SUI, women with OAB, healthy middle-aged women and young healthy female students. They found that normal bell-shaped free-flow curves were found in 67–83% and bell-shaped pressure flow curves were found in 50–65%. They then showed that bell-shaped flow curves were found in 24 patients who had evidence of abdominal straining during micturition     

Impact of rectal distention on the results of evaluations of lower urinary tract sensation

PURPOSE: To our knowledge no systematic studies have been performed in humans to test the interaction of normal bladder and rectal sensory function. However, symptoms affecting the different pelvic viscera often coexist. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 15 healthy female volunteers sensations of bladder filling were evaluated during 2 consecutive cystometric studies, including 1 with an empty rectum and 1 with a full rectum. Similarly the electrical perception threshold was determined in the bladder when the rectum was empty and again when the rectum was full. RESULTS: Rectal distention did not change bladder compliance during filling. When the rectum was distended, sensations of bladder filling were reported at smaller volumes. On the other hand, electrical perception thresholds in the bladder were higher when the rectum was full. CONCLUSIONS: The state of the rectum significantly influences the sensations of bladder filling and electrical bladder stimulation. These results show that before sensory testing of the bladder rectal fullness should be examined and if necessary the rectum should be emptied. The different effect of rectal distention on filling and electrical sensations represents an additional argument for different innervation of the 2 sensations in the lower urinary tract.     

甲硝唑葡萄糖注射液细菌内毒素检查法的研究

目的;以细菌内毒素检查法对甲硝唑葡萄糖注射液进行试验研究。方法;采用抑制或增强试验,并将细菌内毒素检查法与家兔法检测结果作对比。结果：该注射液经一定稀释后对测定无干扰。结论：细菌内毒素检查法适用于检测该注射液。     

Ocular MR imaging and spectroscopy: an ex vivo study

Six eyes, freshly enucleated because of choroidal melanoma, were imaged on a 1.4-T superconducting magnetic resonance (MR) imaging system, and relaxation times were calculated for various parts of the eye. Unfixed fresh tissue samples were obtained for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMRS) on a variable-field (0.19-1.4 T) resistive unit. Detailed ocular anatomy was demonstrated. The NMRS relaxation times correlated with the MR imaging intensity patterns. The sensitivity of MR imaging to states of hydration provides an excellent window for appreciation of ocular anatomy.