Generation of GFAP::GFP astrocyte reporter lines from human adult fibroblast‐derived iPS cells using zinc‐finger nuclease technology

Astrocytes are instrumental to major brain functions, including metabolic support, extracellular ion regulation, the shaping of excitatory signaling events and maintenance of synaptic glutamate homeostasis. Astrocyte dysfunction contributes to numerous developmental, psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. The generation of adult human fibroblast‐derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has provided novel opportunities to study mechanisms of astrocyte dysfunction in human‐derived cells. To overcome the difficulties of cell type heterogeneity during the differentiation process from iPSCs to astroglial cells (iPS astrocytes), we generated homogenous populations of iPS astrocytes using zinc‐finger nuclease (ZFN) technology. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) driven by the astrocyte‐specific glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter was inserted into the safe harbor adeno‐associated virus integration site 1 (AAVS1) locus in disease and control‐derived iPSCs. Astrocyte populations were enriched using Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and after enrichment more than 99% of iPS astrocytes expressed mature astrocyte markers including GFAP, S100β, NFIA and ALDH1L1. In addition, mature pure GFP‐iPS astrocytes exhibited a well‐described functional astrocytic activity in vitro characterized by neuron‐dependent regulation of glutamate transporters to regulate extracellular glutamate concentrations. Engraftment of GFP‐iPS astrocytes into rat spinal cord grey matter confirmed in vivo cell survival and continued astrocytic maturation. In conclusion, the generation of GFAP::GFP‐iPS astrocytes provides a powerful in vitro and in vivo tool for studying astrocyte biology and astrocyte‐driven disease pathogenesis and therapy. GLIA 2016;64:63–75     

美金刚对帕金森病痴呆患者生活质量的影响

目的 评估美金刚对帕金森病痴呆(PDD)患者生活质量的影响。方法 对45例帕金森病痴呆患者采用随机对照试验,评估美金刚治疗6个月后对其生活质量的影响; 通过目标实现缩放(Goal Attainment Scaling, GAS)、帕金森病问卷-8(Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-8, PDQ-8),Zarit负担量表(Zarit Burden Interview, ZBI)评价患者的生活质量及照料者的负担。结果 治疗6个月后和对照组相比,试验组PDQ-8的改变没有显著差异(P>0.05),但试验组美金刚治疗后平均GAS分数和照顾者负担评分均显著改善(P分别为0.02和0.03)。结论 美金刚可以帮助患者实现更有临床意义的目标并减轻照顾者的负担。     

Artifact removal in the context of group ICA: A comparison of single‐subject and group approaches

Independent component analysis (ICA) has been widely applied to identify intrinsic brain networks from fMRI data. Group ICA computes group‐level components from all data and subsequently estimates individual‐level components to recapture intersubject variability. However, the best approach to handle artifacts, which may vary widely among subjects, is not yet clear. In this work, we study and compare two ICA approaches for artifacts removal. One approach, recommended in recent work by the Human Connectome Project, first performs ICA on individual subject data to remove artifacts, and then applies a group ICA on the cleaned data from all subjects. We refer to this approach as Individual ICA based artifacts Removal Plus Group ICA (IRPG). A second proposed approach, called Group Information Guided ICA (GIG‐ICA), performs ICA on group data, then removes the group‐level artifact components, and finally performs subject‐specific ICAs using the group‐level non‐artifact components as spatial references. We used simulations to evaluate the two approaches with respect to the effects of data quality, data quantity, variable number of sources among subjects, and spatially unique artifacts. Resting‐state test–retest datasets were also employed to investigate the reliability of functional networks. Results from simulations demonstrate GIG‐ICA has greater performance compared with IRPG, even in the case when single‐subject artifacts removal is perfect and when individual subjects have spatially unique artifacts. Experiments using test–retest data suggest that GIG‐ICA provides more reliable functional networks. Based on high estimation accuracy, ease of implementation, and high reliability of functional networks, we find GIG‐ICA to be a promising approach. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1005–1025, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc .     

心肌内出血与心肌梗死后不良心室重构的关系研究进展

心肌梗死是由心肌缺血缺氧引起的心肌细胞坏死,是全球范围内死亡和致残的重要原因.直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗虽然可恢复心外膜冠脉血流,降低心肌梗死的病死率,但是部分心肌梗死患者仍会发展为慢性心力衰竭.心肌内出血(IMH)为严重微血管损伤引起的红细胞外渗,是再灌注治疗引起的重要并发症,可作为心肌梗死后不良心室重构的独立预测因子...     

胸部爆炸伤紧急救治临床指南（2022年）

胸部爆炸伤是现代战伤和恐怖袭击中最常见的损伤类型之一,也是爆炸伤中致死率最高的伤类之一,大部分严重胸部爆炸伤患者死于受伤早期和院前转运途中,故对其紧急救治特别重要。目前普遍存在治疗不规范、疗效差异大等问题,且临床上缺乏胸部爆炸伤救治规范。中华医学会创伤学分会遵循科学性、实用性和先进性的原则,针对胸部爆炸伤的分型、院前急...     

α粒子放射性药物在骨转移瘤治疗中的应用进展

骨骼是晚期恶性肿瘤的常见转移部位之一,骨转移瘤不仅会导致顽固性骨痛、病理性骨折等骨相关事件（SRE）的发生,还会导致医疗费用的增加和死亡风险的上升。放射性药物内放射治疗具有疗效好、靶向性好和毒性低等优点。常用于治疗骨转移瘤的放射性药物主要是释放β粒子和α粒子的药物,其中释放β粒子的放射性药物的临床应用较成熟,但也具有一定的局限性。近年来,释放α粒子的放射性药物越来越多地用于骨转移瘤的治疗,其在缓解骨痛、降低SRE发生率、延长总生存期等方面具有更大的优势。笔者仅就α粒子放射性药物在骨转移瘤治疗中的应用进展进行综述。     

重庆市医用放射工作人员非癌发病探讨

目的 研究职业X射线暴露对放射工作人员非癌疾病的影响。方法 选取1980年普查四川省重庆市辖区内医用X射线工作者为调查对象。2020年,选取之前的91家医疗机构,分布在重庆市41个区县,其中三级医疗机构53家,运用前瞻性队列研究的方法,第5次随访1980年重庆市医用X射线放射工作人员(放射组)和同医院同时期非放射科工作人员(对照组)的个人信息、职业射线接触情况、疾病史等信息。分析该队列各系统疾病发病率、各系统疾病相对危险度(RR)及其95%置信区间。结果 该队列共计937人,共统计非癌疾病359例。放射组与对照组相比,其心血管系统、眼科和其他未分类疾病的相对危险度(RR)分别为1.50、2.03和2.64(χ²=5.97、3.97、4.25,P <0.05)。调整混杂因素的结果显示,女性放射组中心血管系统、眼科和消化系统等疾病发病率的RR普遍高于对照组(RR=2.33、2.59、7.55;χ²=7.28、4.17、8.64,P<0.05);在25~29岁参加工作人员中,放射组成员心血管系统、眼科等疾病发病率的RR普遍高于对照组(RR=2.26、5.07;χ²=8.22、4.91,P<0.05);累积剂量分组中,放射组与对照组比较,心血管系统、眼科和消化系统等疾病发病率的RR普遍较高(RR=1.86、2.91、3.59;χ²=9.83、8.21、5.58,P<0.05)。结论 受到长期职业照射的X射线工作者非癌发病危险增高,其中心血管系统、消化系统、眼科疾病等发病危险可能与这种职业照射有关。     

肺癌放疗患者症状性放射性肺炎预测的CT影像组学研究

目的:基于肺癌患者放疗前的CT影像组学特征,综合临床信息与放疗剂量学特征,利用机器学习方法构建症状性放射性肺炎的预测模型。方法:回顾性收集2018年11月至2020年4月在江南大学附属医院接受放疗的103例肺癌患者的临床与剂量学资料。获取这些患者放疗前胸部CT影像,勾画双侧正常肺组织结构,提取250种影像组学特征。用单...