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61.
Wolfgang Spiegel 《The American journal of geriatric psychiatry》2007,15(8):726-7; author reply 727
62.
Sanjay Sisodiya J Helen Cross Ingmar Blümcke David Chadwick John Craig Peter B Crino Paul Debenham Norman Delanty Frances Elmslie Mark Gardiner Jeffrey Golden David Goldstein David A Greenberg Renzo Guerrini Michael Hanna John Harris Paul Harrison Michael R Johnson George Kirov Dimitri M Kullman Andrew Makoff Carla Marini Rima Nabbout Lina Nashef Jeffrey L Noebels Ruth Ottman Munir Pirmohamed Asla Pitk?nen Ingrid Scheffer Simon Shorvon Graeme Sills Nicholas Wood Sameer Zuberi 《Epileptic Disord》2007,9(2):194-236
The Sixth Epilepsy Research Foundation workshop, held in Oxford in March 2006, brought together basic scientists, geneticists, epidemiologists, statisticians, pharmacologists and clinicians to consider progress, issues and strategies for harnessing genetics to improve the understanding and treatment of the epilepsies. General principles were considered, including the fundamental importance of clear study design, adequate patient numbers, defi ned phenotypes, robust statistical data handling, and follow-up of genetic discoveries. Topics where some progress had been made were considered including chromosomal abnormalities, neurodevelopment, hippocampal sclerosis, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, focal cortical dysplasia and pharmacogenetics. The ethical aspects of epilepsy genetics were reviewed. Principles and limitations of collaboration were discussed. Presentations and their matched discussions are produced here. There was optimism that further genetic research in epilepsy was not only feasible, but might lead to improvements in the lives of people with epilepsy. 相似文献
63.
Walter S Speidl Markus Exner Jasmin Amighi Wolfgang Mlekusch Schila Sabeti Stefan P Kastl Gerlinde Zorn Gerald Maurer Oswald Wagner Kurt Huber Erich Minar Johann Wojta Martin Schillinger 《Journal of endovascular therapy》2007,14(1):62-69
PURPOSE: To investigate whether balloon angioplasty of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) increases serum levels of C5a and whether C5a predicts risk of restenosis. METHODS: C5a antigen was measured at baseline and 8 hours after intervention in 131 consecutive patients (76 women; median age 72 years) with intermittent claudication who underwent successful primary SFA balloon angioplasty. Patients were followed for a median 10 months [interquartile range (IQR) 6 to 14] for the occurrence of >50% restenosis by duplex ultrasound. RESULTS: Median C5a levels increased significantly from 39.7 ng/mL (IQR 27.8 to 55.0) at baseline to 53.8 ng/mL (IQR 35.6 to 85.1, p<0.001) 8 hours post intervention. During the follow-up period, 70 (53%) patients developed restenosis. Increasing levels of C5a (quartiles) at baseline were significantly associated with an increased risk for restenosis (p=0.0092). Adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for restenosis with increasing quartiles of baseline serum C5a levels were 1.24 (0.60 to 2.58), 1.93 (0.95 to 3.93), and 2.08 (1.02 to 4.21), respectively, compared to the lowest quartile. This effect was independent of nonspecific inflammation as reflected by plasma levels of C-reactive protein. CONCLUSION: Inflammatory mechanisms play a major role in the development of restenosis after angioplasty. The complement component C5a exerts strong chemotactic and proinflammatory effects. Enhanced complement activation prior to PTA, as measured by higher levels of C5a, was significantly associated with restenosis after SFA balloon angioplasty. Pathways of complement inhibition thus may be worth investigating with respect to improving patency rates. 相似文献
64.
The molecular events responsible for controlling cell growth and development, as well as their coordinate interaction is only beginning to be revealed. At the basis of these controlling events are hormones, growth factors and mitogens which, through transmembrane signalling trigger an array of cellular responses, initiated by receptor-associated tyrosine kinases, which in turn either directly or indirectly mediate their effects through serine/threonine protein kinases. Utilizing the obligatory response of activation of protein synthesis in cell growth and development, we describe efforts to work backwards along the regulatory pathway to the receptor, identifying those molecular components involved in modulating the rate of translation. We begin by describing the components and steps of protein synthesis and then discuss in detail the regulatory pathways involved in the mitogenic response of eukaryotic cells and during meiotic maturation of oocytes. Finally we discuss possible future work which will further our understanding of these systems. 相似文献
65.
Simon R Cherry 《Journal of nuclear medicine》2006,47(11):1735-1745
There have been major advances in PET technology that cumulatively have helped improve image quality, increased the range of applications for PET, and contributed to the more widespread use of PET. Examples of these technologic advances include whole-body imaging, 3-dimensional imaging, new scintillator materials, iterative reconstruction algorithms, combined PET/CT, and preclinical PET. New advances on the immediate horizon include the reintroduction of time-of-flight PET, which takes advantage of the favorable timing properties of newer scintillators; the integration of PET and MRI scanners into a dual-modality imaging system; and the possibility of further significant improvements in spatial resolution in preclinical PET systems. Sensitivity remains a limiting factor in many PET studies. Although, conceptually, huge gains in sensitivity are still possible, realizing these gains is thwarted largely by economic rather than scientific concerns. Predicting the future is fraught with difficulty; nonetheless, it is apparent that ample opportunities remain for new development and innovation in PET technology that will be driven by the demands of molecular medicine, notably sensitive and specific molecular diagnostic tools and the ability to quantitatively monitor therapeutic entities that include small molecules, peptides, antibodies, nanoparticles, DNA/RNA, and cells. 相似文献
66.
67.
Michael Schenker Mikael Wiberg Simon P Kay Roland S Johansson 《Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery》2007,60(1):13-23
Although toe-to-hand transfer has a defined role in the management of congenital hand deformities, it remains unclear how well children integrate the transferred digits into physiological grasping. We analysed fingertip forces in the precision grip of 13 patients when lifting a test object more than three years after free toe transfer for absent or hypoplastic digits. Clinically, most patients showed normal sensibility of transferred digits, but active motion and pinch strength were limited as compared to the normal hand. For the control of fingertip forces, two key features of the normal two-digit opposition grip were seen in all operated hands: adaptation of grip force to object weight and parallel coordination of lift and grip forces. These physiological grasping strategies developed independently of the patients' age at the time of operation, which ranged from one to 13 years. In four patients, we observed increased tangential load forces with the operated hand due to misalignments in the application of fingertips on the grasp surfaces. Such forces lead to increased grip force requirements on both fingers that may overload transferred digits with limited motor function. The need for optimal alignment of the grip axis during toe-transfer surgery is emphasised. 相似文献
68.
Ohne ZusammenfassungMit einer Tafel. 相似文献
69.
Ayman Agha Gabriel Glockzin Matthias Woenckhaus Wolfgang Dietmaier Igors Iesalnieks Hans J. Schlitt 《Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie》2007,392(6):671-677
Background Insular thyroid carcinoma was described as a tumor with aggressive behavior, and patients usually present themselves with
an advanced tumor stage. Whether the insular component is an independent factor for poor prognosis remains unclear. Therefore,
in the present study, we compared the survival of patients with advanced insular, follicular, and papillary thyroid cancer.
Materials and methods The clinical behavior of tumors in three groups of patients with T4 thyroid carcinoma—8 patients with insular, 11 patients
with follicular, and 21 patients with papillary thyroid carcinomas—was compared. Disease-free survival and disease-specific
death were analyzed statistically. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of histotype and other prognostic
factors.
Results At 3 years, survival was 37.5% (mean 26 months) among patients with insular thyroid carcinoma, 80% (mean 59 months) among
those with follicular, and 89% (mean 126 months) among those with papillary thyroid carcinomas (p = 0.007). Disease-free survival in patients without initial distant metastasis was worst in patients with insular thyroid
carcinoma (20%) compared to those with follicular (75%) and those with papillary thyroid carcinomas (71%).
Conclusion Patients with advanced insular thyroid carcinoma have a poorer outcome in comparison to patients with similar advanced stage
who have follicular or papillary thyroid carcinoma. 相似文献
70.
Tanja Bauer Matthias Günther Ulrich Bienzle Ruth Neuhaus Wolfgang Jilg 《Liver transplantation》2007,13(3):434-442
After liver transplantation for hepatitis-B-related diseases, patients currently receive lifelong treatment with hepatitis B immunoglobulin to prevent endogenous reinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Active immunization with hepatitis B vaccine would be a preferable alternative; however, most attempts to immunize these patients with standard vaccine have failed. A recent study with a new adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccine was exceptionally successful, leading to a high-titered long-lasting antibody response in 80% of all vaccinees. To identify the immunological mechanisms behind these unexpected results, the successfully vaccinated participants were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-specific T and B cells, and their cellular responses to revaccination with conventional vaccine were studied. HBsAg-specific CD4(+) T lymphocytes could be detected in 13 of 16 patients after immunization with the new vaccine. Unexpectedly, these T cells produced almost exclusively interleukin (IL)-10 and had a CD4(+)/CD25(+) phenotype. They were functionally active, suppressing cytokine secretion in HBsAg-specific (Th1) cells, thus representing antigen-specific regulatory T cells (T(Reg)). Following a booster dose with conventional vaccine 22-31 months after completion of the initial vaccination series, the T-cell pattern in the revaccinated individuals changed substantially: 7 days after revaccination 9 of 11 individuals showed a switch to a Th1-type immune response with HBsAg-specific T cells secreting IL-2, interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha as observed in healthy controls. Four weeks after the booster, 4 patients still showed a Th1-type cytokine pattern, whereas in 5 patients only IL-10-secreting cells were detectable. After 1 year, in 3 of 4 revaccinated individuals only IL-10-secreting cells could be found, whereas the specific T cells of the fourth patient still showed a Th1-type of response. HBsAg-specific T(Reg) cells could be demonstrated in HBV-positive liver transplant recipients successfully immunized with a new adjuvanted vaccine. Revaccination led to immediate disappearance of the these cells and the appearance of HBsAg-specific T cells with a Th1-type cytokine profile, which in most cases were replaced by the IL-10-secreting regulatory cells during the following months. The specific induction of T(Reg) cells could contribute to the poor response of liver transplant recipients to conventional vaccine. In conclusion,, for successful vaccination of these patients, a vaccine with a strong inhibitory effect on T(Reg) cells would be desirable. 相似文献