全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1058篇 |
免费 | 39篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 144篇 |
儿科学 | 14篇 |
妇产科学 | 48篇 |
基础医学 | 130篇 |
口腔科学 | 6篇 |
临床医学 | 52篇 |
内科学 | 321篇 |
皮肤病学 | 17篇 |
神经病学 | 56篇 |
特种医学 | 33篇 |
外科学 | 70篇 |
综合类 | 7篇 |
预防医学 | 44篇 |
眼科学 | 19篇 |
药学 | 80篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 62篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 25篇 |
2021年 | 32篇 |
2020年 | 14篇 |
2019年 | 17篇 |
2018年 | 29篇 |
2017年 | 10篇 |
2016年 | 17篇 |
2015年 | 22篇 |
2014年 | 21篇 |
2013年 | 45篇 |
2012年 | 66篇 |
2011年 | 80篇 |
2010年 | 49篇 |
2009年 | 20篇 |
2008年 | 82篇 |
2007年 | 78篇 |
2006年 | 80篇 |
2005年 | 78篇 |
2004年 | 86篇 |
2003年 | 76篇 |
2002年 | 58篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
1965年 | 2篇 |
1962年 | 2篇 |
1928年 | 2篇 |
1924年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有1104条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Piotr K?osiński Maciej Gilis-Januszewski Witold Serafin 《Chirurgia narzadów ruchu i ortopedia polska》2004,69(3):167-172
Early results (12 weeks after surgery) of the lumbar spinal stenosis operative treatment were assessed in the group of 36 patients (aged 40-65 years). In 72% of patients posterior fusion was applied. In the results evaluation lumbar pain, low extremities pain, neurogenic claudicat ion, sensory disturbances and functional status were taken in account. A significant decrease in low extremities and lumbar pain was observed. Some sensory disturbances after operative treatment did not affect general high patients assessment of the performed surgical procedures (positive 80.5% cases). 相似文献
2.
Kilarski WW Jura N Gerwins P 《Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology》2005,85(5):643-654
Migration, proliferation and invasive growth of myofibroblasts are key cellular events during formation of granulation tissue in situations of wound healing, arteriosclerosis and tumor growth. To study the invasive phenotype of myofibroblasts, we established an assay where arterial tissue from chicken embryos was embedded in fibrin gels and stimulated with growth factors. Addition of serum, PDGF-BB and FGF-2, but not VEGF-A, resulted in an outgrowth of cellular sprouts with a pattern that was similar to the organization of cells invading a provisional matrix in an in vivo model of wound healing using the chicken chorioallantoic membrane. Sprouting cells were defined as myofibroblasts based on being alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive but desmin-negative. There was no contribution of endothelial cells in outgrowing sprouts. The acquired myofibroblastic phenotype was stable since sprout-derived cells resumed sprouting in a growth factor-independent manner when re-embedded as spheroids in a fibrin matrix. Invasive growth and sprouting of vascular smooth muscle cells was not limited to chicken cells since a similar response was seen when spheroids composed of purified primary human aortic smooth muscle cells were embedded in fibrin. Finally, a technique for flat visualization of the three-dimensional sprouting and a quantification method is described. This ex vivo model allows quantitative analysis of invasive growth and differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. 相似文献
3.
Witold Kuran Stanisaw Pasynkiewicz Jadwiga Skupiska Andrzej Rokicki 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》1976,177(1):11-20
Carbon dioxide and propylene oxide (PO) were copolymerized using diethylzinc in addition with benzenedi- and triols, aliphatic diols and triols, and aminophenols as catalyst systems. A large amount of CO2/PO alternating copolymer, {poly(propylene carbonate), poly(oxycarbonyloxypropylene), of high molecular weight was obtained using the homogeneous (C2H5)2Zn/pyrogallol (2:1 by mole) system ( 1 ). The (C2H5)2Zn/o-aminophenol system ( 2 ) (also homogeneous) appeared to be much less active in the copolymerization of CO2 with PO than the former one. From the other studied systems, that appeared to be heterogeneous, (C2H5)2Zn/resorcinol (1:1 by mole) was the most active one, but less active than the system 1 . Further, the copolymerization of CO2 and PO was studied in the presence of the (C2H5)2Zn/resorcinol (1:1 by mole) system at various temperatures and in reaction media of different basicity. On the basis of the obtained results of the copolymerization of CO2 with PO and of measurements of the quantity of ethane evolved in the reactions between the catalytic systems' components, structures of several catalysts, particularly homogeneous ones, are suggested and some aspects of the copolymerization mechanism are discussed. 相似文献
4.
We have studied the influence of a temperature-sensitive cdc2-1 mutation in DNA polymerase on the selection-induced mutation occurring at the LYS-2 locus in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It was found that in cells plated on synthetic complete medium lacking only lysine, the numbers of Lys+ revertant colonies accumulated in a time-dependent manner in the absence of any detectable increase in cell number. When cdc2-1 mutant cells, after selective plating, were incubated at the restrictive temperature of 37°C for 5 h daily for 7 days, the frequency of an adaptive reversion of lys
- Lys+ was significantly higher than the frequency in cells incubated only at the permissive temperature, or in wild-type cells incubated either at 23°C or 37°C. Therefore, when the proof-reading activity of DNA polymerase is impaired under restrictive conditions, the frequency of adaptive mutations is markedly enhanced. 相似文献
5.
Natural mechanisms protecting against cancer 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Carcinogenesis is a multistage process. At each step of this process, there are natural mechanisms protecting against development of cancer. The majority of cancers in humans is induced by carcinogenic factors present in our environment including our food. However, some natural substances present in our diet or synthesized in our cells are able to block, trap or decompose reactive oxygen species (ROS) participating in carcinogenesis. Carcinogens can also be removed from our cells. If DNA damage occurs, it is repaired in most of the cases. Unrepaired DNA alterations can be fixed as mutations in proliferating cells only and mutations of very few strategic genes can induce tumor formation, the most relevant are those activating proto-oncogenes and inactivating tumor suppressor genes. A series of mutations and/or epigenetic changes is required to drive transformation of a normal cell into malignant tumor. The apparently unrestricted growth has to be accompanied by a mechanism preserving telomeres which otherwise shorten with succeeding cell divisions leading to growth arrest. Tumor can not develop beyond the size of 1–2 mm in diameter without the induction of angiogenesis which is regulated by natural inhibitors. To invade the surrounding tissues epithelial tumor cells have to lose some adhesion molecules keeping them attached to each other and to produce enzymes able to dissolve the elements of the basement membrane. On the other hand, acquisition of other adhesion molecules enables interaction of circulating tumor cells with endothelial cells facilitating extravasation and metastasis. One of the last barriers protecting against cancer is the activity of the immune system. Both innate and adaptive immunity participates in anti-tumor effects including the activity of natural killer (NK) cells, natural killer T cells, macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils, complement, various cytokines, specific antibodies, and specific T cytotoxic cells. Upon activation neutrophils and macrophages are able to kill tumor cells but they can also release ROS, angiogenic and immunosuppressive substances. Many cytokines belonging to different families display anti-tumor activity but their role in natural anti-tumor defense remains largely to be established. 相似文献
6.
Allergic angiitis and granulomatosis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) is one of the rare form of idiopathic (primary) vasculitis. It is characterized by asthma, blood hypereosinophilia and typical microscopic features: nectrotizing vasculitis, tissue infiltration by eosinophils and extravasal granulomas. We present an autopsy case of 55-years old man with Churg-Strauss syndrome complicated by eosinophilic myocarditis. 相似文献
7.
Witold Kuran Stanisaw Pasynkiewicz Jadwiga Skupiska 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》1976,177(5):1283-1292
Investigations on the reactions of diethylzinc ( 1 ) with resorcinol ( 2 ) and phloroglucinol ( 8 ) were carried out for different mole ratios of the reactants. It was found that the reaction of 1 with 2 at a mole ratio of 1:1 is a two step process. In the first step 1 reacts very rapidly with half of applied 2 yielding di(ethylzinc) resorcinolate ( 6 ), which then reacts slowly with the remaining amount of 2 . It was found that zinc 3-ethylzincoxyphenolate resorcinolate ( 5 ) formed in the second step is an active catalyst of the copolymerization reaction of carbon dioxide with propylene oxide. The reaction of 1 with 8 shows a similar course. 相似文献
8.
Witold Kuran Stanisaw Pasynkiewicz Zbigniew Florjanczyk Ewa Lusztyk 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》1976,177(9):2627-2635
Complexes of acrylonitrile and of methyl methacrylate with various Lewis acids, 1 and 2 , were studied by means of IR, NMR, and UV spectroscopy. The influence of the Lewis acid strength on the induction effect and on the delocalization of π-electrons in the complexed monomer molecule was established. As the relative acidity of the complexing agent is increased, the inductive effect of the nitrile or of the carbonyl group in the complex molecule rises, whereby the electron density on the carbon atom in β-position in the vinyl group diminishes. Complexation of the monomer also results in increased delocalization of π-electrons in the molecule. In the complexes with moderately strong Lewis acids like CH3AlCl2 and C2H5AlCl2, delocalization of π-electrons seems to reach its maximum. The methyl methacrylate-C2H5AlCl2 complex was found to give a charge-transfer complex with 1,5-cyclooctadiene. On the basis of the present spectroscopic studies and of earlier studies on copolymerization of acryl monomers with butadiene, the delocalization of π-electrons in the complexed monomer molecule is believed to be one of the major factors controlling the rate of copolymerization. 相似文献
9.
10.
P-glycoprotein expression influences the result of 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy in tertiary hyperparathyroidism 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Chudzinski W Niderla J Lasiecka Z Wilczynski G Gornicka B Wasiutynski A Maczewska J Kobylecka M Krolicki L Durlik M Nowacka E Lazarczyk M Dziunycz P Milewski L Nawrot I Grzela T 《International journal of molecular medicine》2005,16(2):215-219
Precise localization of parathyroid glands using 99mTc-labeled hexakis-2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) scintigraphy could be affected by various biological factors. There is increasing evidence that radiotracer retention could be controlled by members of multidrug resistance (MDR) system, especially P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Since the role of P-gp in tertiary hyperparathyroidism (T-HPTH) scintigraphic studies is poorly recognized, the aim of the study was to compare the correlation between parathyroid P-gp expression and results of their scintigraphy in T-HPTH versus primary hyperparathyroidism (P-HPTH). P-HPTH (n = 19) and T-HPTH (n = 18) patients were subjected to 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy followed by surgical treatment. The parathyroid glands were assessed in routine hematoxylin-eosin staining and P-gp expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Parathyroids collected during cadaver donor multi-organ harvesting were used as a control. It has been found that P-HPTH-derived parathyroid glands with predominating adenoma morphology expressed less P-gp, as compared to P-gp-rich T-HPTH glands, mainly displaying nodular or diffused hyperplasia phenotype. This finding reversely correlated with results of 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy. However, we did not observe any difference in P-gp expression nor scintigraphy result between nodular or diffused hyperplasia. Altogether, these data suggest that P-gp overexpression in T-HPTH could be responsible for decreased sensitivity of 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy in those patients. Therefore, the recently proposed reduced neck exploration or limited parathyroid resection on the basis of scintigraphy could create the risk of persisted/recurrent hyperparathyroidism. However, this problem requires further study. 相似文献