Epidemiologic background of blood donors with antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus. Transfusion Safety Study Group

We interviewed 51 blood donors in four major US metropolitan areas subsequently found to have had antibodies to human T-cell lymphotropic virus (anti-HTLV) in late 1984-early 1985. Sixteen donors (31%) reported that they or a sexual contact had a history of blood transfusion. Twelve donors (24%) reported that they or a sexual contact used intravenous drugs. Ten donors (20%) were blacks born in the southeastern US. Four of the male donors (15%) reported homosexual contact. The most common characteristic was an association with Japan or the Caribbean basin (61%). These results show a broader variation of epidemiologic backgrounds than anticipated.     

定期晨间集体交接班在门诊的实施

目的 探讨门诊护士定期进行晨间集体交接班制的实施方法和效果.方法 于每周一工作前30 min,全体门诊护士集中进行交接班,由交班护士、护士长及科护士长对上周工作进行总结及点评.结果 实施门诊护士定期晨间集体交接班制后门诊满意度显著提高,与实施前比较,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01).结论 门诊护士定期晨间集体交接班的实施,对培养门诊护士的综合素质及提高门诊护理服务质量起到积极的促进作用.     

外伤性脾破裂非手术治疗的探讨

目的探讨外伤性脾破裂非手术治疗的可行性、适应证及其治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2000年4月至2009年9月间我院收治的68例外伤性脾破裂非手术治疗的临床资料及其治疗结果。结果所有病例均经B超及CT检查明确诊断为脾破裂。非手术治愈63例。中转手术5例,其中2例分别在治疗的第3天和第5天发生迟发性出血．2例因提前下床活动导致大出血,1例在第5天血肿继续增大,考虑非手术治疗失败而中转行脾切除术,其中1例并发左膈下感染,经保守治疗痊愈。无死亡病例。治疗成功率92．6％,平均住院18d。结论选择性的在严密监测下非手术治疗对外伤性脾破裂是安全可行的,腹外器官合并伤以及患者的年龄并不影响非手术治疗的成功。     

Puberty-affecting synthetic analogs of urinary chemosignals in the house mouse, Mus domesticus

Endocrinologically- and socially-dependent volatile constituents of female mouse urine, identified in a previous study, were tested for their capability to accelerate puberty and extend the estrous period in young females. Several volatile ketones advanced puberty by approximately three days and extended the period of vaginal cornification in 55-75% of exposed females. High High concentrations of these substances were capable of overriding the known puberty-delaying chemosignals. Volatile cyclic enol ethers were also effective in extending estrus, but not puberty acceleration.     

Lutein/zeaxanthin isomers regulate neurotrophic factors and synaptic plasticity in trained rats

Background/aim This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of lutein/zeaxanthin isomers (L/Zi) on lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, NF-κB/Nrf2 pathways, and synaptic plasticity proteins in trained rats.Materials and methods Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: 1) control, 2) L/Zi: rats received L/Zi at the dose of 100 mg/kg by oral gavage, 3) exercise, 4) exercise+L/Zi: rats exercised and received L/Zi (100 mg/kg) by oral gavage. The duration of the study was eight weeks. Results Exercise combined with L/Zi reduced lipid peroxidation and improved antioxidant enzyme activities of muscle and cerebral cortex in rats (p < 0.001). In the Exercise + L/Zi group, muscle and cerebral cortex Nrf2 and HO-1 levels increased, while NF-κB levels decreased (p <0.001). Also, L/Zi improved BDNF, synapsin I, SYP, and GAP-43 levels of the cerebral cortex of trained rats (p < 0.001). The highest levels of BDNF, synapsin SYP, and GAP-43 in the cerebral cortex were determined in the Exercise+L/Zi group.Conclusion These results suggested that exercise combined with L/Zi supplementation might be effective to reduce neurodegeneration via improving neurotrophic factors and synaptic proteins, and oxidative capacity in the cerebral cortex.     

Evaluation of systemic involvement of Coronavirus disease 2019 through spleen; size and texture analysis

Background/aimTo investigate the changes in the spleen size, parenchymal heterogeneity, and computed tomography (CT) texture analysis features of patients diagnosed with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Materials and methodsThe size and parenchymal structure of the spleen in 91 patients who underwent thoracic CT examination due to COVID-19 were evaluated. For the evaluation of parenchymal heterogeneity, CT texture analysis was performed using dedicated software (Olea Medical, France). The texture analysis of each case consisted of 15 first-order intensity-based features, 17 gray level co-occurrence matrix-based features, and 9 gray level run length matrix-based features.ResultsA total of 91 patients (45 males, 46 females) with a mean age of 54.31 ± 16.33 years (range: 18–81) were included in the study. A statistically significant decrease in spleen size was seen in the follow-up CT examinations (p < 0.001) whereas no statistically significant difference was found between the Hounsfield unit (HU) values. The radiomics consisted of first-order intensity-based features such as 90th percentile, maximum, interquartile range, range, mean absolute deviation, standard deviation, and variance, all of which showed statistically significant differences (p - values: < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.001, 0.003, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.004, respectively). “Correlation” as a gray level co-occurrence matrix-based feature and “gray level nonuniformity” as a gray level run length matrix-based feature showed statistically differences (p-values: 0.033 and < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsAlthough COVID-19 manifests with lung involvement in the early stage, it can also cause systemic involvement, and the spleen may be one of its target organs. A decrease in the spleen size and parenchymal microstructure changes can be observed in the short follow-up time. It is hoped that the changes in the parenchymal microstructure will be demonstrated by a noninvasive method: texture analysis.