癌症患者预立医疗照护计划选择偏好的研究进展

在对预立医疗照护计划概念、选择偏好概念及评估方法综述的基础上,总结癌症患者在实施地点与环境、实施人员、讨论时机与决策内容4个方面的预立医疗照护计划选择偏好,并从患者、医疗、家庭支持以及制度与政策4个层面总结癌症患者预立医疗照护计划选择偏好的影响因素,指出存在的问题及研究方向,旨在为国内推进预立医疗照护计划的开展提供参考。     

A novel “cooled-wet” electrode for radiofrequency ablation

In the light of growing demands for improved applicability of radiofrequency ablation (RFA), recently we have developed a novel “cooled-wet” electrode by taking the advantages of both internally cooled and saline-enhanced electrodes. The efficacy of the electrode was evaluated in both ex vivo and in vivo liver RFA under both low and high power output levels. The ablation volume created with the “cooled-wet” electrode appeared to be much larger than that reported up to now with the use of other monopolar electrodes. The mechanisms on how this device optimizes the RF energy delivery are also discussed. Received: 3 December 1999; Accepted: 6 December 1999     

趋化因子受体6基因与陕西汉中地区类风湿关节炎汉族人群相关性

目的探讨趋化因子受体6基因单核苷酸多态性位点与中国陕西汉中地区类风湿关节炎汉族人群的相关性。 方法采用病例-对照研究方法,收集768例RA患者和960例正常对照DNA样本;用聚合酶链反应（PCR）法扩增目的条带,使用单碱基延伸法（SnapShot）对rs1331301、rs1556413、rs3093024、rs1854853和rs3093023位点基因分型,分析与RA的相关性。 结果CCR6基因5个标签SNP位点均符合哈迪温伯格平衡（HWE）,RA组和对照组基因型差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。rs3093024位点A等位基因（OR = 1.22、P = 0.003）,显性模式（OR = 1.33、P = 0.0048）RA组与对照组差异具有统计学意义。rs1854853位点A等位基因（OR = 1.20、P = 0.0067）,显性模式（OR = 1.35、P = 0.0063）,RA组与对照组差异具有统计学意义。rs3093023位点T等位基因（OR = 1.26、P = 0.0009）,显性模式（OR = 1.38、P = 0.0015）,隐性模式（OR = 1.33、P = 0.025）,RA组与对照组差异有统计学意义。rs1331301和rs1556413两个SNP位点等位基因和显性、隐性模式,RA组与对照组差异均无统计学意义。 结论CCR6基因rs3093023、rs3093024和rs1854853三个单核苷酸多态性位点,可能是陕西汉中地区汉族人类风湿关节炎的易感基因位点。     

ECM1 and TMPRSS4 are diagnostic markers of malignant thyroid neoplasms and improve the accuracy of fine needle aspiration biopsy

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether genes that regulate cellular invasion and metastasis are differentially expressed and could serve as diagnostic markers of malignant thyroid nodules. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND DATA: Patients whose thyroid nodules have indeterminate or suspicious cytologic features on fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy require thyroidectomy because of a 20% to 30% risk of thyroid cancer. Cell invasion and metastasis is a hallmark of malignant phenotype; therefore, genes that regulate these processes might be differentially expressed and could serve as diagnostic markers of malignancy. METHODS: Differentially expressed genes (2-fold higher or lower) in malignant versus benign thyroid neoplasms were identified by extracellular matrix and adhesion molecule cDNA array analysis and confirmed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve was calculated to determine diagnostic accuracy of gene expression level cutoffs established by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: By cDNA array analysis, ADAMTS8, ECM1, MMP8, PLAU, SELP, and TMPRSS4 were upregulated, and by quantitative PCR, ECM1, SELP, and TMPRSS4 mRNA expression was higher in malignant (n = 57) than in benign (n = 38) thyroid neoplasms (P< 0.002). ECM1 and TMPRSS4 mRNA expression levels were independent predictors of a malignant thyroid neoplasm (P < 0.003). The AUC was 0.956 for ECM1 and 0.926 for TMPRSS4. Combining both markers improved their diagnostic use (AUC 0.985; sensitivity, 91.7%; specificity, 89.8%; positive predictive value, 85.7%; negative predictive value, 82.8%). ECM1 and TMPRSS4 expression analysis improved the diagnostic accuracy of FNA biopsy in 35 of 38 indeterminate or suspicious results. The level of ECM1 mRNA expression was higher in TNM stage I differentiated thyroid cancers than in stage II and III tumors (P < or = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS: ECM1 and TMPRSS4 are excellent diagnostic markers of malignant thyroid nodules and may be used to improve the diagnostic accuracy of FNA biopsy. ECM1 is also a marker of the extent of disease in differentiated thyroid cancers.     

数字X线机骨密度测定与QCT骨密度测定的相关性研究

目的 对比同一组对象数字X线机与QCT骨密度测定结果,对两种方法的相关性和差异进行研究分析.方法 对同一对象同时进行左前臂远端的数字X线机骨密度测量和第2、3、4腰椎的QCT平均骨密度测量,共计检查临床对象216人(男性102人,女性114人),用线性相关分析对两组数据与年龄的相关性以及两组数据之间的相关性进行了检验.结果 男女性前臂远端骨密度和腰椎骨密度均随年龄增长而降低,且P值均小于0.05,有显著性负相关;男女性前臂远端骨密度与腰椎骨密度均呈非常显著正相关,P值小于0.01.结论 216例对照检查结果,前臂远端数字X线机骨密度测量数据与腰椎QCT骨密度测量数据基本一致,两者均随年龄增长而降低;两者之间呈明显正相关.说明数字X线机骨密度测量能够与QCT骨密度测量同样应用于临床反映人体骨密度变化.     

乳腺癌正规治疗后对侧乳腺癌发生的危险因素分析

目的 探讨女性初发乳腺癌治疗后再发对侧乳腺癌(contralateral breast cancer, CBC)的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析我院1997年1月至2002年12月期间收治的340例女性初发乳腺癌患者的临床资料,包括患者的年龄、病理结果、手术方式、化疗、放疗、激素治疗具体方案和执行情况等.采用Kaplan-Meier法评估CBC的发生率,Cox部分相关回归评估CBC的相关危险因素.结果 14例诊断为CBC,总发病率为4.1%.10年CBC发生率(2.7%)高于5年CBC发生率(1.4%),随着随访时间的延长发生率逐年升高.单因素分析提示,患者年龄≤45岁、乳腺癌家族史、病理学分型为髓样癌及未采取内分泌治疗为5年和10年CBC发生的危险因素(P＜0.05),而化疗和放疗与否为CBC发生的非危险相关因素(P＞0.05).多因素分析表明,其中年龄≤45岁及乳腺内放疗为5年和10年CBC发生的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 对于≤45岁、髓样癌、有乳腺癌家族史的初发乳腺癌患者应警惕CBC的发生; 初发乳腺癌患者应采取内分泌治疗,避免乳腺内放疗以降低CBC的发生率.     

股浅动脉首期置入自膨式支架与球囊扩张成形的疗效比较

Objective To compare the mid-term clinical results of primary implantation of a selfexpanding nitinol stent and primary percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for long range arteriosclerosis obliterans of the superficial femoral artery. Methods From December 2005 to February 2007,109 patients who had moderate-severe claudication or chronic limb ischemia (CLI)due to stenosis or occlusion of the superficial femoral artery were treated by endovascular technology. 53 patients (73 limbs) were treated by primary stenting and 56 patients (76 limbs)by PTA. We compared the clinical data of stenting group and PTA group at 6,12 and 24 months. Results The mean length of the treated segment was (16± 8)cm in the stenting group and(15±7)cm in the PTA group. At 6 months, the rate of restenosis on duplex ultrasonography was 13.7% in stenting group and 30.2% in PTA group (X2=4.09, P<0.05);at 12 months the restenosis rates were 25.5% in stenting group and 46.9% in PTA group(X2=4.75, P<0.05);at 24 months the restenosis rates on duplex ultrasonography were 38.1% in stenting group and 65.9% in PTA group(X2=6.66, P<0.01). Rutherford stages in stenting group were significantly better than those in PTA group. Conclusion In the mid-term, primary implantation of a self-expanding nitinol stent yielded results that were superior to those with PTA for arteriosclerosis obliterans or long range stenosis of the superficial femoral artery.     

支气管哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者诱导痰中血管内皮生长因子水平的变化及意义

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在支气管哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）发病中的作用。方法分别选择缓解期支气管哮喘患者（哮喘组）30例、稳定期COPD患者（COPD组）28例和健康志愿者（健康对照组）24例进行肺功能测定和用诱导痰检查方法对痰进行炎性细胞分类计数,并用EMSA法测定诱导痰上清液中VEGF水平。结果哮喘组诱导痰中嗜酸粒细胞数为0．9（0．4—1．4）×10^9/L,明显高于COPD组和健康对照组的0．1（0—0．2）×10^9/L、0．0（0～0．1）×10^9/L（P值均＜0．05）;COPD组诱导痰中中性粒细胞数为2．3（1．8～2．8）×10^9/L,明显高于哮喘组和健康对照组的1．1（0．2～1．9）×10^9/L、1．0（0．8～1．2）×10^9/L（P值均＜0．05）。哮喘组、COPD组和健康对照组诱导痰上清液中VEGF水平分别为（2．3±0．5）、（0．3±0．1）、（0．9±0．2）μg／L,三组间比较差异有统计学意义（P值均＜0．05）。哮喘组诱导痰上清液中VEGF水平与诱导痰中嗜酸粒细胞数呈正相关（r=0．62,P＜0．05）,与第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV。）占预计值百分比呈负相关（r=-0．56,P＜0．05）;COPD组诱导痰上清液中VEGF水平与FEV,占预计值百分比呈正相关（r=0．43,P＜0．05）,与诱导痰中中性粒细胞数无相关性（r=0．21,P＞0．05）。结论支气管哮喘患者诱导痰上清液中VEGF表达上调,VEGF可能参与了支气管哮喘的气道炎性反应过程;COPD患者诱导痰上清液中VEGF表达下降,VEGF可能参与了COPD的发病过程。     

腹部及盆腔孤立性纤维瘤的CT诊断

目的探讨腹部及盆腔孤立性纤维瘤(SFT)的CT征象,进一步提高对本病的认识。方法回顾性分析11例经手术病理证实的腹部及盆腔孤立性纤维瘤的CT表现。结果 11患者中,6例发生于腹部,5例发生于盆腔,肿瘤大小在4.6cm×4.0cm×3.0cm～10cm×14cm×21.3cm之间,9例病变呈类椭圆形,2例呈不规则形,10例病变边缘清楚,1例病变边缘不清,其中2例盆腔肿瘤带蒂。CT平扫4例呈均匀稍低密度,7例呈等低混杂密度,其中2例病变内见点状钙化影,增强扫描3例病变呈明显均匀强化,8例呈不均匀性强化,其中3例患者在中度及明显强化肿块内见散在轻度强化斑片状及纵形索条状影,5例病变在动脉期呈轻度-明显不均匀强化,门脉期肿块实质部分进一步强化,内见线条状、斑片状及片状无强化区,肿块内及周围见增粗、迂曲血管影。结论腹部及盆腔孤立性纤维瘤的CT表现有一定的特征性,但最后确诊仍需结合病理学及免疫组织化学。