医学插图的艺术创作

介绍了医学插图艺术创作的方法:即在依据医学科学内容的基础上,遵循美学规律,运用科学的艺术表现形式,准确、形象、生动地表达出医学科学的深刻内涵,从而实现医学科学与艺术完美结合的创作目标。     

乙肝患者体内HBV-DNA含量与e抗原及ALT的关系

乙肝病毒感染后常伴有肝脏的损伤，本实验对乙肝患者的两对半、HBV—DNA含量和反映肝脏损伤指标的ALT进行了对比分析。     

促血小板生成素对预测脑瘫高危儿的意义

目的探讨缺氧缺血性脑病(hypoxia-ischem ia encephalopathy,H IE)胎儿和H IE新生儿血清中促血小板生成素(Thrombopoietin,TPO)水平与脑损伤的关系,为脑瘫(cerebral palsy,CP)高危儿人群进行早期干预提供监测手段。方法收集23例H IE胎儿和34例H IE新生儿血清以及25例正常胎儿和30例正常新生儿血清,34例H IE新生儿包括11例轻度H IE,8例中度H IE和15例重度H IE。采用双抗体夹心ABC-ELISA法检测H IE胎儿组和轻、中、重H IE新生儿组血清中TPO的水平,并与正常胎儿组和正常新生儿组比较。结果H IE胎儿组和H IE新生儿组TPO分别高于正常胎儿组和正常新生儿组(分别P<0.01,P<0.01),重度H IE组TPO低于轻度H IE组(P<0.05)。结论血清TPO水平与H IE所致脑损伤严重程度有关。脐血TPO检测可为脑瘫高危儿人群进行早期干预提供监测手段。     

短期服用舒乐安定对记忆力影响的观察

目的 探讨短期服用舒乐安定对记忆力的影响.方法 对51例短期失眠患者服用舒乐安定跟踪调查记忆力有无下降.结果 记忆力下降的只有3.9%,基本无影响.结论 失眠患者应尽早治疗,不要忌讳使用催眠药.     

儿童语言发展迟缓成因的个案特征

目的:关注幼儿的早期语言教育,寻找语言发育迟缓成因。方法:采用访谈、跟踪观察的方式了解语言发育迟缓儿童语言发育现状,并对该病成因进行分析。结果:复杂的语言环境、内心的自我封闭以及父母不合理的教养态度是导致该儿童语言发展迟缓的主要原因。结论:单一的语言环境有利于该儿童语言的发展。     

进展期胃癌的淋巴结转移特点及其临床意义

目的探讨进展期胃癌的淋巴结转移特点及临床意义。方法对2002年4月至2003年7月期间进行胃癌根治淋巴结清扫手术的91例患者的手术切除标本进行解剖，收集切除的淋巴结，逐枚进行病理组织学和免疫组织化学检查，判断淋巴结是否转移并计算淋巴结转移率。分析淋巴结转移率与肿瘤大小、TNM分期、Borrmann分型、肿瘤部位和淋巴结清扫范围等方面的关系。结果91例胃癌患者中淋巴结转移阳性63例（69．2％）。共收获3149枚淋巴结，平均每例34．6枚。肿瘤直径小于3cm者淋巴结转移率较3cm以上者低（P〈0．05）。TNM分期中Ⅲa和Ⅳ期患者淋巴结转移率均为100％，其转移度在30．3％～58．4％之间，较Ⅰ、Ⅱ期者高（P〈0．001）；Borrmann分型中Ⅲ型病例的淋巴结转移率（79．6％）较其他型患者高，而Ⅳ型患者淋巴结转移度（35．3％）最高（P〈0．05）。施行D3淋巴结清扫手术患者的淋巴结转移率和转移度（88．2％、38．0％）均高于D1、D2术患者（P〈0．05）。17例（18．7％）患者常规病理检查发现有183枚淋巴结微转移，肿瘤各部位与淋巴结微转移的关系差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。近端胃癌淋巴结转移主要在第1、2、3、5、7、8、9、12、13和16组，以8组转移度为最高（68．1％）；中部胃癌淋巴结转移主要在第1、3、7、12、13和16组，其中最高转移度为第3组（47．6％）；远侧胃癌淋巴结转移主要见于1、2．3、5、6、12、13和16组，其中第16组转移度为最高（83．3％）。结论淋巴结转移率和转移度与胃癌的恶性程度密切相关，因此D3淋巴结清扫手术对某些进展期胃癌患者值得考虑使用。     

氦氖激光血管内照射配合吗啡控制癌痛的对照观察

目的探讨氦氖激光血液照射辅助治疗控制癌痛的疗效。方法对52例中晚期癌症重度痛患者在使用口服吗啡治疗基础上加用低能量氦氖激光血液照射治疗1周后,对疼痛缓解程度及平均缓解时间进行对照观察。结果加用激光照射组的镇痛疗效优于单用吗啡组,P<0.05,有效率分别为92%和84%,P>0.05,显效率分别为67%和46%,u=2.07,P<0.05,均数缓解时间分别为(8±3)h和(8±4)h,t=0.78,P>0.05,差异无显著性意义。结论氦氖激光血液照射治疗有一定协同镇痛作用。     

Evaluation of corticospinal tract injury with three-dimensional diffusion tensor tract in patients with acute cerebral infarction

Three-dimensional diffusion tensor tract (DTT) is the newest imaging to describe the structure of white matter fiber in three-dimensions, it has great significance in dividing the concrete anatomic site of gray and white matter lesions, displaying the correlation with fibrous band and judging clinical prognosis, which is incomparable by other imagings.OBJECTTVE: To observe the conditions of corticospinal tract (CST) in acute cerebral ischemic stroke patients,and analyze the relationship between motor function and the severity of CST injury.DESIGN: A case-control observation.SETTTNG: Department of Medical Imaging, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.PARTTCTPANTS: Fifteen patients with acute cerebral infarction were selected from Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from February to December in 2005. They all suffered from acute attack and motor disorder of hemiplegic limbs to different extent, and were conformed by CT or MRI.There were 9 males and 6 females, aging 16-87 years old, the median age was 51.7 years, and all were right handed. Fifteen right-handed normal subjects, who were matched by age and sex with the patients in the cerebral infarction group, were selected from the relatives of patients and physicians of the Imaging Department as the control group. All the subjects were informed and agreed with the study.METHODS: The patients with acute cerebral infarction and subjects in the control group received MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with GE 1.5 T nuclear magnetic resonance system, fiber tracking with the software of dTV- Ⅱ. Fractional anisotropy (FA) maps and three-dimensional tractography of bilateral CST of all patients were created. Displacement, continuity and destroy of fibrous bands were observed. At the same time, muscle strength of ipsilateral hand of patients with cerebral infarction was measured with Brunnstrom standard. The correlation between the severity of CST injury and the muscle strength of ipsilateral hand was analyzed with spearman correlation analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① FA values in the infarcted sites and those in the contralateral corresponding sites of patients with cerebral infarction; ② CST manifestations in the patients with cerebral infarction and the control group.RESULTS: All the 30 testees were involved in the analysis of results. ① The FA values in infarcted sites of white matter were significantly lower than those in the contralateral ones (t =4.570, P ＜ 0.001 ). ② In the control group, bilateral CST were reconstructed, they originated from precentral gyrus, went downwards to internal capsule, and extended to pontine and medulla oblongata, each fiber had good uniformity in continuous form. In the patients with cerebral infarction, the forms of contralateral CST were consistent with those in the control group with good continuity. Due to the involvement by the infarcted site to different extents, the ipsilateral CST manifested as continuous interruption and loss of uniformity in anatomic structure and form. The CST involvements were divided into three grades: integrated CST for grade I (n =2); integrated CST but compressed or displaced for grade 2 (n =5); interrupted CST for grade 3 (n =8). ③ The severity of CST injury was obviously correlated with the muscle strength of the ipsilateral hand (r=0.888, P＜ 0.05＝.CONCLUSION: ① CST is injured to different extents in patients with acute cerebral infarction, and the severity of injury is associated with muscle strength. It is indicated that it can be used to judge the prognosis of rehabilitative treatment. ②DTT can directly display the status of pyramidal tract more three-dimensionally.     

血管内皮生长因子及炎性因子在油酸性犬急性呼吸窘迫综合征中的变化

目的探讨油酸性急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）beagle犬血浆及肺泡灌洗液血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF—α）水平的改变。方法12只英国纯种beagle犬，静脉注射油酸0．15mL／kg，在注射油酸前、后1h，出现ARDS的典型表现时，抽血测VEGF、sICAM-1、IL-8、TNF—α，并对此时相作肺泡灌洗液VEGF、sICAM—1、IL-8、TNF-α的测定。结果beagle犬静脉注射油酸后1h血浆TNF—α升高（P〈0．05），血浆反肺泡灌洗液IL8、sICAM-1和VEGF在1h较油酸前没有明显变化（P〉0．05），beagle犬油酸型ARDS模型建立后血浆及肺泡灌洗液VECF、sICAM-1、IL-8、TNF—α均显著高于建模前（P〈0．05）。结论VEGF、sICAM-1、IL-8、TNF～α在beagle犬油酸型ARDS发生发展过程中可能均起重要作用，其水平的高低可能与ARDS严重程度及预后有关。     

高转换型肾性骨病中骨保护素及其配体的表达和形态计量学观察

目的 观察高转换型肾性骨病中骨保护素及其配体 (OPG，RANKL)的表达，并与骨形态计量学指标进行相关分析。 方法 选择10例慢性肾衰尿毒症患者和3例正常人进行髂骨活检术，获得骨组织标本。采用免疫组化方法检测OPG和RANKL蛋白质的表达。采用全自动图像分析系统进行骨组织形态计量学测定。结果 10例慢性肾衰尿毒症患者经骨病理学检查证实均为高转换型骨病，以破骨细胞活化形成骨吸收陷窝伴或不伴骨矿化不全为特点。免疫组化显示尿毒症患者骨组织中以RANKL阳性表达为主。与正常对照相比，RANKL阳性表达细胞数目显著增加，OPG阳性表达细胞数目显著减少。尿毒症患者RANKL的阳性表达细胞数目与骨吸收面积和破骨细胞数目呈显著正相关。结论 高转换型肾性骨病中，PTH的溶骨作用可能是通过OPG/RANKL/RANK系统介导的。