Chronic opioid treatment of neuroblastoma X dorsal root ganglion neuron hybrid F11 cells results in elevated GM1 ganglioside and cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels and onset of naloxone-evoked decreases in membrane K+ currents

Prolongation of the action potential duration of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons by low (nM) concentrations of opioids occurs through activation of excitatory opioid receptors that are positively coupled via G_s regulatory protein to adenylate cyclase. Previous results suggested GM1 ganglioside to have an essential role in regulating this excitatory response, but not the inhibitory (APD-shortening) response to higher (μM) opioid concentrations. Furthermore, it was proposed that synthesis of GM1 is upregulated by prolonged activation of excitatory opioid receptor functions. To explore this possibility we have utilized cultures of hybrid F11 cells to carry out closely correlated electrophysiological and biochemical analyses of the effects of chronic opioid treatment on a homogeneous population of clonal cells which express many functions characteristic of DRG neurons. We show that chronic opioid exposure of F11 cells does, in fact, result in elevated levels of GM1 as well as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP), concomitant with the onset of opioid excitatory supersensitivity as manifested by naloxone-evoked decreases in voltage-dependent membrane K⁺ currents. Such elevation of GM1 would be expected to enhance the efficacy of excitatory opioid receptor activation of the G_s/adenylate cyclase/cyclic AMP system, thereby providing a positive feedback mechanism that may account for the remarkable supersensitivity of chronic opioid-treated neurons to the excitatory effects of opioid agonists as well as antagonists. These in vitro findings may provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndromes and opioid-induced hyperalgesia after chronic opiatf addiction in vivo. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

12种中草药的乙醇提取液对印鼠客蚤的毒效研究

目的:探讨中草药灭蚤的可行性。方法:用乙醇提出12种中草药的可溶成分,以瓶膜法测定其对印鼠客蚤的毒力。结果:在0.5g/ml(生药)的浓度下,10种中草药对印鼠客蚤有速效击倒作用,其中鸡血藤、巴豆仁、除虫菊花的10min击倒率大于50％;5种中草药的KD_(50)小于15min,比2％DDVP为优;巴豆仁接触30min恢复24h死亡率为70％。结论:除虫菊花、黎芦、鸡血藤、巴豆仁、贯众用于杀蚤有一定价值。     

多发性肌炎的动物模型及雷公藤多甙对其疗效的研究

目的　寻找一种多发性肌炎的良好动物模型及其有效的治疗药物。　　方法　给动物注射同种大鼠的肌匀浆 ,观察其活动状态 ;通过肌肉组织染色及ELISA法 ,研究肌肉的病理学变化 ,同时给动物喂服雷公藤多甙观察药物疗效。　　结果　部分动物表现肌无力和肌萎缩 ,大多数肌肉组织学检查示肌纤维炎性变 ;免疫组化检查可见肌膜、肌内膜和肌束膜中有IgG沉积。动物服雷公藤多甙后肌肉病变明显减轻 ,其疗效与强的松相似。　　结论　用同种大鼠肌匀浆免疫动物可诱导出多发性肌炎的动物模型 ;雷公藤多甙能有效地治疗多发性肌炎。     

四叠体池蛛网膜囊肿

目的:探讨四叠体池蛛网膜囊肿的临床特征和治疗方法。方法:对11例四叠体池蛛网膜囊肿进行了回顾性总结分析。所采用的手术方法有:①脑室分流手术;②囊肿-腹腔分流术;③囊肿切除;④囊肿切除加囊肿-脑池分流术,或囊肿部分切除(即囊肿开窗术),或囊肿切除加脑室-脑池分流术。结果:其主要临床表现以颅内压增高症和中线综合征为主。上述方法中单纯囊肿壁切除只能使部分病人的病情缓解,脑室分流或囊肿切除加脑室分流手术的疗效较好。结论:四叠体区蛛网膜囊肿常合并梗阻性脑积水,单纯囊肿切除不能解除多数病人的梗阻性脑积水。作者根据囊肿是否与蛛网膜下腔相通提出:对交通性蛛网膜囊肿采用单纯性脑室分流术,对非交通性者采用囊肿切除加脑室分流手术的治疗方法。     

原发性胸腰椎管内肿瘤延误诊治原因探讨（附44例报告）

本文报告一组44例原发性椎管内肿瘤初期延误诊治,其中10例为腰椎间盘突出而手术,2例为腰椎管狭窄症手术治疗。原发性椎管内肿瘤与脊柱退变性疾病分属两种不同的疾病范畴。为提高诊断和治疗效果,本文就误诊原因作以下讨论。     

核素显像对小儿消化道出血的病因诊断

目的探讨核素显像对小儿消化道出血，特别是对Ｍｅｃｋｅｌ憩室、肠重复畸形的病因诊断的价值。方法对２６例腹痛、便血为主要症状的患儿行９９ｍ锝酸盐（９９ｍＴｃＯ－４）显像，其中１２例显像阴性者于检查后２４小时有活动性出血者，再行９９ｍ锝标记红细胞显像。所有病例的诊断均经手术、病理及内窥镜等检查所证实。结果９９ｍＴｃＯ－４显像诊断Ｍｅｃｋｅｌ憩室和肠重复畸形的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为８５．７％（１２／１４）、９１．７％（１１／１２）及８８．５％（２３／２６）。结论核素显像具有无创、方法简单易行等特点，特别是对异位胃粘膜诊断具有较好的灵敏性和特异性。核素显像可作为下消化道出血病因诊断的有效方法。     

A study of the relationship between ambient lead and blood lead among lead battery workers

 Objective: To examine the relationship between ambient lead levels and blood lead levels and to explore the modifiers of the relationship between ambient lead and blood lead. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two lead battery factories. Blood lead level and ambient lead concentration were measured for each participant concurrently. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect sociodemographic characteristics and occupational history. Design: Biological and personal environmental measurements of 219 lead-exposed workers were analyzed by both simple and multiple linear regression. A regression model was selected for interpretation. Results: A high correlation (r=0.62) between ambient lead (PbA) and blood lead (PbB) was observed. In addition, numerous factors, including age, sex, alcohol consumption, personal hygiene practice and type of lead exposure, were also found to influence blood lead levels. Although PbB was highly correlated with PbA, blood lead level may not be effectively lowered by reducing ambient lead level. Based on the regression coefficients, improvement of hygienic practice was more effective at lowering PbB than reducing ambient lead level. Good hygienic practice may be the preferential way to reduce lead exposure in current conditions. Conclusion: Education of correct work practice may be more important than engineering control in the developing countries to lower blood lead levels in lead battery factories. Received: 28 May 1996/Accepted: 30 August 1996     

生物活性材料义眼台

由于病变和外伤等原因，使一些人眼球摘除，留下外现缺陷。医学上使用义眼台植入眼眶，在上面按装义眼以矫治外形。从前使用的义眼台用玻璃球或硅橡胶制作，使用中均有种类不同的缺点，即无生物活性、密度大等。医学界希望有新型医用材料临床应用。采用液态化学方法合成羟基磷灰石，使羟基磷灰石和微晶玻璃混匀，制成生物活性材料。生物材料和粘结剂、造孔剂，辅助剂一同制成生坯，以适当的温度焙烧成多孔结构义眼台。对材料进行了动物实验与临床应用。动物实验表明，材料具有优异的生物相容性和一定的生物活性。临床应用效果良好。本材料是制备义眼台的新材料。本文就材料研究、动物实验、义眼台的生产工艺进行了探讨。     

贫血患者血清红细胞生成素浓度的测定及临床意义

用小鼠胎肝细胞体外血浆凝块培养红系集落(Erythroid colong formig unit inculturc,E-CFUc)方法,以红细胞生成素(Erythropoietin,EPO)850323为标准试剂,测定正常人、贫血病人血清EPO浓度。实验用妊娠13～15d小鼠胎肝细胞。血清均经透析处理,培养液中加量最大不超过10％。EPO(850323)在培养液中浓度为2.5～100mU/ml。血清EPO(mU/ml)测定结果:28例正常人为48.O±17.7,12例再生障碍性贫血病人为946～>10000,1例巨幼细胞性贫血病人为500,1例缺铁性贫血病人为400和18例慢性肾功能衰竭病人则为94.2±87.6。结果表明:贫血病因对血清EPO浓度有影响。