电阻抗断层成像技术用于呼气末正压滴定的研究进展

适当的呼气末正压（PEEP）是保护性肺通气策略的重要组成部分,PEEP可以保持肺泡开放,减少肺萎陷伤。尽管个体化PEEP已被越来越多的临床医师认可,但最佳的PEEP滴定方法尚存争议。电阻抗断层成像（EIT）是一种无创、无辐射的成像技术,可在床边实时动态评估肺功能,将肺通气过程中的阻抗变化以动态图像呈现,能够反映PEEP调整前后肺内通气及气体分布变化,因此,EIT可用于滴定个体化PEEP。本文简要概括EIT的基本原理及监测指标,阐述临床应用EIT指导下的PEEP（PEEPEIT）滴定方法,旨在加强对EIT的优点和局限性的理解,为优化个体化PEEP的设置提供参考。     

X线照射对培养脊髓神经元突起生长的作用

目的 :观察 X线照射对脊髓神经元突起的影响。方法 :应用大鼠 E18脊髓细胞 ,在培养第 2天进行 4Gy定量照射。结果 :培养 1、2、3、4周时 ,神经元突起的长度分别为 (30 .16± 0 .71)、(37.0 3± 0 .2 9)、 (45 .2 2± 0 .36 )、(5 0 .83± 0 .72 )μm ,明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :X线照射有维持 NBN存活及促进神经突起生长的作用     

Antimicrobial activity and durability of a novel antimicrobial-impregnated bladder catheter

The main objective of this study was to examine the antimicrobial activity and durability of a novel indwelling bladder catheter impregnated with minocycline and rifampin. Thirty antimicrobial-impregnated bladder catheters were inserted transurethrally in spinal cord-injured patients and removed, in six groups of five catheters each, at 3, 7, 10, 14, 17 or 21 days. Removed catheters had detectable zones of inhibition against two different clinical isolates of each of the 10 tested uropathogens (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter diversus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Candida albicans) for greater than 14 days after catheter insertion. The residual zones of inhibition and levels of antimicrobial agents in removed catheters were both inversely related to the duration of catheter placement. Minocycline and rifampin were undetectable in serum and urine. These results support the ongoing efforts for examining the clinical efficacy of these experimental bladder catheters.     

Big or small, room for all

In today's world of high demand, nurses have more of an opportunity than ever to get just what they want. Nurses find rewards in what they do no matter where they work. SH profiles nurses from two Texas hospitals.     

Vasoformative sarcomas arising from BALB/3T3 cells attached to solid substrates.

The BALB/3T3 mouse embryo cell line, noted for its marked postconfluence inhibition of proliferation, anchorage dependence, and high serum requirement, and frequently studied as a prototype nontumorigenic "fibroblast" line that is compared with tumorigenic sublines transformed with various agents, produced tumors within 2 to 3 months when an average of 3 X 10(4) cells were implanted s.c. attached to 1- X 5- X 10-mm polycarbonate platelets. Plastic platelets alone produced no tumors after 1 year of observation. The tumors, as well as others arising from implants of BALB/3T3 cells attached to 3-mm glass beads, were given the histological diagnosis of "vasoformative saroma" because the tumor cells frequently formed vascular channels. The vasoformative pattern and the results of specific staining for reticulin and collagen support the likelihood that BALB/3T3 cells originated from endothelial cells rather than from fibroblasts. That the tumors were derived from BALB/3T3 cells and not host cells was proved when tumors arising in BALB/c X C57BL/6 F1 hybrids were shown to be transplantable to BALB/c but not to C57BL/6 mice. The cultured tumor cells showed loss of both postconfluence inhibition of proliferation and anchorage dependence. Evidence of the induction of endogenous oncornaviruses was obtained in only one of four tumors tested. These tumors also exhibited tumor-unique transplantation rejection antigens. We conclude that BALB/3T3 cells are preneoplastic and give rise to different spontaneously transformed clones bearing unique tumor rejection antigens when implanted in vivo attached to a solid substrate.     

听觉器官线粒体DNA缺失在老年聋发病中的意义

目的 探讨听觉器官中线粒体DNA缺失在老年聋发病中的意义。方法:饲养不同年龄组的大鼠,测试ABR阈值,PCR检测其耳蜗、蜗核、大脑、颞肌和外周血中是否存在mtDNA~(4834)缺失,对存在的缺失进行定量分析;PCR产物进行克隆、测序。结果:老年组大鼠的ABR平均阈值为92.22±10.60dBSPL(n=20),中年组为42.75±5.73dBSPL(n=24),青年组为30.50±1.54dBSPL(n:24),老年组大鼠的ABR阈值明显高于中年组和青年组,其差别具有非常显著性的意义(方差分析,P<0.01);(2)所有老年大鼠的听觉器官和颞肌中均存在mtD-NA~(4834)缺失,其缺失发生率高于中年组,青年组mtDNA~(4834)缺失发生率最低;(3)定量分析显示不同年龄大鼠听觉器官中mtDNA~(4834)缺失占总mtDNA的百分比不同,老年组mtDNA~(4834)缺失占总mtDNA的百分比高于中年组。结论:老年大鼠的ABR阈值明显升高,其包括耳蜗、蜗核在内的多种组织中普遍存在的mtDNA~(4834)缺失,提示mtDNA缺失在老化和老年聋的发生中具有重要意义。     

Urethral devices for managing stress urinary incontinence

Although surgery remains the gold standard for managing the majority of patients with stress urinary incontinence or retention, not all patients are suitable candidates or desire surgery. For these patients, several urethral caps and inserts are available, which are described. In approximately 50% of patients, satisfactory control is achieved. Further investigation undoubtedly will yield better devices to serve the large number of patients with urinary control problems.     

半夏厚朴汤对小鼠胃排空及小肠推进功能的影响

目的:为了研究半夏厚朴汤及其各组成药物对小鼠胃排空和小肠推进功能的影响,以及五味组成药物在该方剂中的作用大小和它们之间的交互作用。方法:以大分子色素葡聚糖蓝2000为标记物,用正交设计的方法安排实验,观察给药一段时间后小鼠的胃内色素残留量和该色素的小肠推进比。结果:正交设计结果表明,半夏厚朴汤中五味药物对小鼠小肠推进功能的促进作用依次从大到小排列的顺序为:半夏、茯苓、苏叶、厚朴、生姜;对胃排空的促进作用依次从大到小排列的顺序为:厚朴、苏叶、半夏、生姜、茯苓。五味药物之间存在着较广泛的一级交互作用。结论:半夏厚朴汤及其组成药物均有促进在体小鼠胃排空和小肠推进功能的作用。