Chitin derived biochar for efficient capacitive deionization performance

The selection and preparation of an electrode material is the core of capacitive deionization. In order to obtain a material with a good deionization properties, we have designed an environmentally-friendly and simple way of preparing biochar. In this work, biochar was prepared by a thermal-deposition method and after chemical modification it was characterized with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The specific surface area of biochar modified by KOH is as high as 833.76 m² g⁻¹, but the specific surface area of the unmodified electrode material is only 126.43 m² g⁻¹. The electrochemical analysis (CV and EIS) of the biochar indicates that HC-800 has a lower charge transfer resistance and a higher specific capacitance, where the specific capacity of HC-800 reaches 120 F g⁻¹. A CDI property analysis of HC-800 shows a better electrosorption capacity of 11.52 mg g⁻¹ and better regeneration and cycling stability than CS-800. The desalination amount remains 87.23% after several cycles.

Schematic illustration of the fabrication of chitin derived biochar and KOH-activated chitin derived biochar electrodes for capacitive deionization.     

铁及氧化应激在多发性硬化中的作用机制及其MRI研究进展

多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)是中枢神经系统最常见的一种炎性脱髓鞘疾病,其发病机制迄今不明。近年来研究表明铁和氧化应激均参与到MS的发病机制中,但其具体的时间空间动态变化规律尚未完全被阐明。因此,借助多参数MRI进行在体无创性定量评估MS病灶内的铁及氧化应激水平,对揭示MS各期不同病理特征具有重要意义。作者就铁及氧化应激在多发性硬化中的潜在致病机制和相应MRI研究进展进行综述。     

肾移植术后缩窄性心包炎多参数心脏磁共振表现一例

患者男,39岁,肾移植术后,少尿2个月.3年余前因双下肢水肿,肌酐1400+ μmol/L ,诊断为尿毒症,后规律血液透析及腹膜透析.有高血压病史3年,血压最高达150/110 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) ,平素规律服用降压药,血压控制尚可.1个多月前于外院行右侧同种异体肾移植术.近来患者又出现浮肿、尿量减少,伴活动后胸闷气促,偶有窒息感,血压90/60 mmHg.查体:右下腹见一长约12 cm的手术瘢痕,可触及移植肾.辅助检查:红细胞计数3.71×1012/L,血红蛋白104 g/L,尿酸 548 μmol/L,肌酐544.4 μmol/L,尿素 38.5 mmol/L,脑利钠肽前体 2296.00 pmol/L,肌钙蛋白T 0.359 ng/mL.     

软叶针葵花粉和鱼尾葵花粉致敏患者嗜碱性粒细胞活化情况研究

目的探讨软叶针葵花粉和鱼尾葵花粉致敏患者的嗜碱性粒细胞活化情况。方法选取83例软叶针葵花粉和鱼尾葵花粉致敏患者纳入观察组,另选取同时期83例健康体检者纳入对照组。比较2组嗜碱性粒细胞活化指标(CD63、CD203c及CD45)荧光强度,并比较观察组内不同过敏原类型、过敏原种数及UniCAP分级者的检测结果,采用Spearman秩相关分析探讨嗜碱性粒细胞活化指标荧光强度与UniCAP分级的关系。结果观察组的嗜碱性粒细胞CD63、CD203c及CD45的荧光强度为(32.26±2.23)、(50.31±5.61)及(36.36±5.03),分别高于对照组的(6.15±1.20)、(18.28±2.63)及(7.02±1.36),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组内不同过敏原类型及不同过敏原种数患者的检测结果比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05); UniCAP分级5～6级者的嗜碱性粒细胞CD63、CD203c、CD45的荧光强度为(38.16±3.15)、(66.73±6.96)、(50.86±6.59),分别高于UniCAP分级3～4级者的(29.37±2.31)、(51.13±5.78)、(39.10±5.13)和UniCAP分级1～2级者的(18.68±1.76)、(29.36±3.79)、(22.32±1.93),且UniCAP分级3～4级者高于UniCAP分级1～2级者,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05); Spearman秩相关分析显示,嗜碱性粒细胞活化指标CD63、CD203c、CD45均与UniCAP分级呈正相关(P0.05)。结论软叶针葵花粉和鱼尾葵花粉致敏患者嗜碱性粒细胞活化情况突出,且活化指标CD63、CD203c、CD45表达程度与UniCAP分级密切相关,具有较高的检测价值。     

A study on the self-assembly mode and supramolecular framework of complexes of cucurbit[6]urils and 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine

Self-assembly between symmetrical dicyclohexyl-substituted cucurbit[6]uril (abbreviated as (CyH)₂Q[6]) and cyclopentanocucurbit[6]uril (CyP₆Q[6]) as hosts and 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (MeOPP) as a guest molecule has been studied by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, NMR, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and other characterization methods. The experimental results showed that the self-assembly was driven by the formation of exclusion complexes by the cucurbit[n]uril and the guest, that is, supramolecular interaction between the negative charge of the cucurbit[n]uril portals and a coordination polymer guest. Complexes were formed between the positive charge of the cucurbit[n]uril outer wall and inorganic anions, thus generating self-assemblies with multi-dimensional and multi-level supramolecular frameworks.

Complexes were formed between the positive charge of the cucurbit[n]uril outer wall and inorganic anions, thus generating self-assemblies with multi-dimensional and multi-level supramolecular frameworks.     

静脉调配中心信息化管理及工作流程优化的效果分析

目的探讨静脉调配中心信息化管理及工作流程优化后的成效。方法分析原流程的不足,对排药、配置流程、首批输液限速问题、停退药模式及差错管理等4个方面进行改进,并对比改进前后的工作效率、差错率和破损率。结果信息化管理及流程优化后,排药时间缩短(t=-21.19,P<0.01),排药破损率由0.225%降至0.125%,差错率由0.166%降至0.063%。首批输液送出时间提前约30min,退药效率显著提高(t=-138.27,P<0.01),输液全流程记录得到完善,而且在工作量增加的情况下,节省人力资源9人。结论信息化管理及工作流程优化可有效提高工作效率,保障患者的用药安全。     

星点设计-效应面法优化白鲜皮多糖硫酸酯化工艺及抗氧化活性

目的 利用星点设计-效应面法优化白鲜皮多糖（Dictamnus dasycarpus polysaccharide,DDP）硫酸酯化工艺,考察DDP修饰前后结构特征及抗氧化活性。方法 采用氯磺酸-吡啶法,以酯化试剂比例、酯化试剂与多糖溶液比例、反应温度、反应时间为自变量,硫酸根取代度（degree of substitution,DS）为因变量,对自变量各水平进行多元回归拟合,利用效应面法筛选最佳工艺并进行预测分析;采用红外光谱及扫描电镜观察其结构特点。测定硫酸酯化白鲜皮多糖（sulfated polysaccharides from Dictamnus dasycarpus,SDDP）对DPPH、OH·、O₂^-·清除能力,考察其抗氧化活性。结果 最佳工艺条件为酯化试剂比例1：4,酯化试剂与多糖溶液比例1：1,反应温度73℃,反应时间5 h。红外光谱显示SDDP在820 cm^-1和1 254 cm^-1附近出现C-O-S和S=O硫酸基特征吸收峰,表明DDP修饰成功;扫描电镜显示SDDP表面粗糙,排列紧密,且块状体积明显小于DDP;DDP和SDDP都有清除DPPH、OH·和O₂^-·能力,且SDDP对DPPH、OH·和O₂^-·清除率强于DDP。结论 星点设计-效应面法优化DDP硫酸酯化工艺方法简便且预测性良好,DDP经硫酸酯化后,抗氧化活性有所提高。     

临床药师糖尿病慢病管理模式的构建和成效评价

目的 评价临床药师开展糖尿病患者药学监护和管理的效果。方法 选取门诊406例成年糖尿病患者作为研究对象,由临床药师分发调查问卷,并定期做用药指导和健康教育等药学干预,通过对干预前后患者糖尿病用药相关知识的掌握情况、血糖及糖化血红蛋白的达标情况、治疗依从性、非预约门诊、急诊、住院情况等比较,并进行统计分析。结果 药学干预后患者对糖尿病及用药相关知识的掌握情况、治疗依从性、血糖及糖化血红蛋白达标情况均优于干预前,P<0.01;非预约门诊、急诊情况也优于干预前,P<0.05,有显著性差异。结论 临床药师开展糖尿病慢病管理,构建临床药师主导的慢病管理模式,有助于促进规范化治疗,提高患者依从性,促进合理化用药,达到控制血糖、减少并发症的目的。